Deck 10: The High Middle Ages,1000-1300

Question 1

When the First Crusaders came to Constantinople,Anna Comnena thought they were

A) impressive.
B) talkative.
C) deeply religious.
D) chivalric.
E) curious.

Answer 1

talkative.

Question 2

Cistercian monasticism argued for

A) accumulation of wealth to care for the poor and sick.
B) renewed austerity.
C) empowering the church through political actions of well-placed ecclesiastic figures.
D) allowing more laity to participate in church rituals.
E) complete isolation from all nonclergy.

Answer 2

renewed austerity.

Question 3

Primogeniture meant

A) the primacy of the pope's authority was unquestioned.
B) those who paid a premium to the church were accorded commemorative masses.
C) the first-born sons of the nobility gained titles and property.
D) the age of majority was defined by conferring the sacrament of Confirmation.
E) None of these.

Answer 3

the first-born sons of the nobility gained titles and property.

Question 4

Among the new orders of monasticism that developed in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries,which was devoted to rooting out heretics?

A) Franciscans
B) Poor Clares
C) Dominicans
D) Benedictines
E) Ursalines

Question 5

Pope Urban II's call for the Crusades was spread throughout Europe by

A) papal decree.
B) monks.
C) knights.
D) royal messengers.
E) troubadors.

Question 6

A significant reform movement within monasteries began in what area?

A) Flanders
B) Cologne
C) Rhone
D) Cluny
E) Bologna

Question 7

The first instance of the church using armies to invoke war and conquest came with the

A) Inquisition.
B) Crusades.
C) Reconquista.
D) expansion of the Holy Roman Empire.
E) Fourth Lateran Council.

Question 8

What happened to the People's Crusade?

A) It was called off by Pope Urban II.
B) It conquered Jerusalem.
C) Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comnenus sold them into slavery.
D) Seljuk Turks massacred them.
E) They joined forces with the First Crusade.

Question 9

The Fourth Lateran Council declared all of the following except

A) standards of clerical behavior.
B) that the pope was the highest authority in Christendom.
C) that Christians had to go to confession once a year.
D) that close relatives could not marry each other.
E) that everyone had to tithe 10 percent of their earnings to the church.

Question 10

The sect that espoused the belief that the material world was evil and that everything of the spirit was good were the ____.

A) Waldensians
B) Hussites
C) Albigensians
D) Dominicans
E) Poor Clares

Question 11

When the First Crusade took the city of Jerusalem in July 1099,they

A) negotiated the safe exit of women and children.
B) demanded the Turks vacate the city.
C) slaughtered every inhabitant of the city regardless of religion.
D) walked into an ambush and were all killed.
E) looted and pillaged the city.

Question 12

What was the difference between friars and monks?

A) Friars took vows of silence.
B) Friars lived according to monastic rules in the world.
C) Women could be friars.
D) Friars did not have to know Latin.
E) Friars relied on noble patronage.

Question 13

Pope Gregory VII angered many in the nobility when he

A) declared that education was only for the clergy.
B) forbade secular rulers from conferring symbols of office on clergy.
C) told Henry IV not to interfere with church business.
D) changed the liturgy to make it uniform.
E) demanded that clergy refuse to take donations intended only for themselves.

Question 14

The main objection to the appointment of Pope Leo IX was that he

A) was married.
B) was chosen by the Holy Roman emperor rather than church officials.
C) had never been a monk.
D) was illiterate.
E) adhered to the Cistercian model of austerity, which many monks hated.

Question 15

Simony,a charge of corruption leveled against the church,consisted of

A) not maintaining sexual purity.
B) picking family members to be church officials.
C) buying and selling of key church positions.
D) lending money at interest.
E) not adhering to the Benedictine standards.

Question 16

When the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus needed military assistance against the Seljuk Turks,he wrote to which person in the West?

A) the king of France
B) the Holy Roman emperor
C) the king of England
D) the pope
E) the grand prince of Kievan Rus

Question 17

Which of the following was not a restriction placed on Jews by the Fourth Lateran Council?

A) Jews must wear distinctive clothing in public.
B) Jews could not hold public office.
C) Jews could not live in Spain.
D) Jews who converted could not return to their previous religion.
E) None of these were restrictions placed on Jews.

Question 18

The Peace of God

A) declared that knights could not take weapons into church.
B) declared that fighting had to be approved by an oath before God.
C) ended the conflicts among the various monastic orders.
D) allowed fighting only on certain days of the week.
E) prohibited violence against women, the poor, and clergy.

Question 19

What was the decision reached at the Concordat of Worms?

A) The nobility had to recognize that the church had higher authority than the laity.
B) The church and state were entirely separate in legal jurisdictions.
C) The laity could not hand symbols of office to the clergy but could give them symbols of temporal authority.
D) The emperor had power over anyone in his land, clergy or laity.
E) The pope could negate vows of allegiance to a temporal lord.

Question 20

Peter Waldo defied the church and was condemned for questioning what?

A) The need for the sacraments.
B) The validity of papal elections.
C) Whether churches should own land.
D) Whether churches could charge for sacramental rites.
E) Why priests could not be married.

Question 21

The most prestigious school of law in the Middle Ages was in

A) Genoa.
B) London.
C) Paris.
D) Bologna.
E) Amsterdam.

Question 22

The military order that helped King Andrew II fight off the Cumans was the

A) Teutonic Knights.
B) Knights Templar.
C) Knights Hospitaller
D) Knights of Saint Crispin.
E) Order of Malta.

Question 23

What was the name of the French judicial court that was convened by kings and their judges?

A) Council of Justice
B) Parlement
C) Magisterium
D) Lyceé
E) Troubadorial Office

Question 24

The reason why the French king was not required to consult with a parliament for raising money,like the English,was that he

A) did not have a constitution.
B) was not dependent on the nobility for money
C) signed a contract limiting his authority
D) had a stronger dynasty
E) made his inner circle all members of his family by blood or marriage

Question 25

Which of the following did not contribute to the increased agricultural output in the Middle Ages?

A) three-field crop rotation
B) oxen as draft animals
C) a heavy plow
D) the use of horses
E) a new collar for draft animals to pull a plow more efficiently

Question 26

Who were the members of the Teutonic Knights?

A) Monk-knights who established a headquarters in the former temple of Solomon.
B) German merchants who set up a hospital.
C) Italian maritime tradesmen who provided ships to reach Jerusalem.
D) Dedicated volunteers who secured Syria as a Crusader State.
E) Slave traders who followed the Crusaders into siege and captured the conquered.

Question 27

What was one reason for the rise of legal documents in the thirteenth century?

A) Merchant contracts were written by a notary
B) Trials of disputed wills among displaced noblemen.
C) Peace treaties between the city-states made between diplomats
D) Separation of secular from canon law.
E) Expansion of French parlements.

Question 28

The Fourth Crusade saw the knights take the city of

A) Acre.
B) Damascus.
C) Jerusalem.
D) Constantinople.
E) Lisbon.

Question 29

The mission of the Knights Templar was

A) to protect the city of Jerusalem.
B) to provide safe passage for money traveling between Europe and Palestine.
C) relief for the poor.
D) moneylending.
E) All of these.

Question 30

The primary use of written documents in the thirteenth century was for

A) inventories and charters.
B) diaries and memoirs.
C) popular literature.
D) theologic tracts.
E) university studies.

Question 31

The English nobility,angered by King John's demands exceeding customary expectations,rebelled,resulting in

A) his being overthrown in favor of his younger brother.
B) his forced signing of a document limiting his power.
C) the Norman Conquest.
D) the formation of Parliament.
E) none of these.

Question 32

The Second Crusade failed because

A) Conrad III died on the way.
B) there was no support from the Knights Templar because France was involved.
C) Saladin overthrew the military forces at Jerusalem.
D) the Crusaders were guilty of sin, according to the pope.
E) there was a massive surge of Muslim forces from south of Damascus.

Question 33

Frederick I (Barbarossa)was the first member of the Hohenstaufen dynasty to employ which new title?

A) Superior German Liege
B) Holy Roman Emperor
C) Novus Dominus
D) Grand Prince
E) Most Imperial Christian Majesty

Question 34

How did Henry II of England and his sons curtail the strength of the nobility?

A) They forced the nobility to provide military service.
B) They initiated the parliament.
C) They prevented the nobility from building new castles without licenses.
D) They demanded taxes from the nobility.
E) They required participation in the Crusades by law.

Question 35

Which area of Europe saw the swiftest consolidation of political power?

A) England
B) France
C) Spain
D) Holy Roman Empire
E) Flanders

Question 36

The first person to call for a crusade against heretics in Western Europe was

A) Pope Innocent III
B) Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I
C) Dominic Guzman
D) King Philip Augustus of France
E) Francis of Assisi

Question 37

The Holy Roman emperor Frederick II allowed Muslims to freely practice their religion in

A) Jerusalem.
B) the Norman Kingdom.
C) southern Italy.
D) Rome.
E) Spain.

Question 38

All of the following were effects of the Crusades except

A) raising hostility with the Muslim world.
B) re-opening long distance trade to Western Europe.
C) stimulation of banking techniques
D) growth of literacy
E) legitimating violence against non-Christians.

Question 39

Eleanor of Aquitaine was an exception to which rule about noble women in Western Europe?

A) She was not Roman Christian.
B) She refused to marry for political alliances.
C) She established a career as an abbotess.
D) She inherited large amounts of land.
E) She was crowned as co-ruler with Henry II.

Question 40

The Reconquista was

A) the attempt by the Dominican friars to purge heretics in Spain.
B) the gradual reclaiming of the Iberian Peninsula by Christian forces.
C) the expulsion of all Jews and Muslims from Spain.
D) a war against the Albigensians.
E) the fifth crusade launched by Spain to retake Jerusalem.

Question 41

The specialty of the University of Paris was the study of

A) law.
B) medicine.
C) theology.
D) astronomy.
E) philosophy.

Question 42

Scholasticism was

A) the course of study in cathedral schools.
B) the process of understanding the universe through applied logic.
C) a rank achieved when one had completed the seven courses of study.
D) a secular-sponsored growth of universities.
E) a charter granted to students who were in cathedral schools but were not clergy members.

Question 43

Which of the following statements about slavery in Europe is false?

A) Christian slave merchants sold slaves from North Africa, Corsica, and Sardinia.
B) Narrowly defining Christians as Roman allowed slave traders to sell Greeks as slaves until 1453.
C) Most Black Sea slaves were women.
D) Religious prohibitions prevented Muslims from selling other Muslims as slaves.
E) Genoese and Venetian merchants dominated the slave trade in the eastern Mediterranean.

Question 44

Why did the church see a need for reform from within its own ranks? What was the major problem it faced?

Question 45

Towns and trade grew fastest in which region of Europe?

A) England
B) Germany
C) Flanders
D) Spain
E) France

Question 46

The scholar who angered the church through his attempts to reconcile logic and faith was

A) Absolom.
B) Abelard.
C) Anselm.
D) Augustine.
E) Aquinas.

Question 47

Thomas Aquinas' work Summa Theologiae was an attempt to

A) assert that faith was necessary before reason.
B) attempt a complete statement of Christian philosophy.
C) establish all rules of the Lateran councils in one document.
D) explain why the Pope was a higher authority than a king.
E) refute the words of Peter Abelard.

Question 48

What contributed to the growth of universities in the Middle Ages?

Question 49

How did the Capetian dynasty in particular engage in the centralization of authority?

Question 50

Discuss the formation of the new monastic orders in the Middle Ages,and how the church dealt with this issue.

Question 51

How was Thomas Beckett's murder emblematic of the larger problems between church and state in the High Middle Ages?

Question 52

What were the effects of the agricultural transformation in the Middle Ages?

Question 53

Western monastic scholars trying to understand Aristotle were helped by

A) better communication and less isolation among scholars.
B) the translation of Aristotle's works into Latin.
C) the commentaries of Muslim scholars.
D) Maimonides' interpretations of Aristotle in Hebrew and Arabic.
E) All of these.

Question 54

Discuss the military affiliations of the Church and its personnel in the Middle Ages,and the circumstances that gave rise to them.

Question 55

The specialty trade of Flanders was

A) spices.
B) textiles.
C) perfumes.
D) paper.
E) metals.

Question 56

The following are all characteristic of Gothic architecture in cathedrals except

A) flying buttresses.
B) pointed arches.
C) extremely high windows and ceilings.
D) stained glass windows
E) large, unbroken spaces of solid walls.

Question 57

Discuss the restrictions placed on Jews after the Fourth Lateran Council.

Question 58

The author of Guide for the Perplexed was

A) Aristotle.
B) Avicenna.
C) Averroës.
D) Maimonides.
E) Menifiores.

Question 59

What was accomplished by the Crusades? Would you rate them as successful or not?

Question 60

What commercial developments enabled economic growth of towns in Western Europe during the Middle Ages?

Question 61

The Fourth Crusade in 1204 successfully conquered Jerusalem.

Question 62

Thomas Aquinas was a Franciscan monk and philosopher.

Question 63

How did the rise of commercialism in Western Europe affect labor specialization?

Question 64

Towns grew fastest in the cities of England.

Question 65

In the twelfth century,most of the slaves sold by Christian merchants were from the Black Sea area.

Question 66

When King Philip Augustus defaulted on his loan to Jewish moneylenders,he also expelled them from France.

Question 67

When Richard I (Lionhearted)was on crusade,his younger brother John acted as king in his place.

Question 68

The Crusades started as an attempt to assist Alexius Comnenus in defending the Byzantine Empire from the Seljuk Turks.

Question 69

William of Normandy became king of England after the Battle of Hastings in 1066.

Question 70

Gothic architecture made much greater use of stained glass than Romanesque style.

Question 71

At the University of Bologna,prospective jurists learned principles of law through Justinian's Body of Civil Law.