Deck 12: The Renaissance in Italy and Northern Europe,1350-1550

Question 1

In what way did Flemish painting differ from Italian painting?

A) The Flemish used oil paint.
B) The Italians used tempera paint.
C) Flemish painters used a viewpoint that put the viewer in the painting with the subject.
D) Italian painters used a frame to differentiate the painting from the viewer.
E) Flemish painting differed from Italian in all of these ways.

Answer 1

Flemish painting differed from Italian in all of these ways.

Question 2

Petrarch's sonnets were written in the vernacular,in his case,

A) German.
B) Greek.
C) Italian.
D) French.
E) English.

Answer 2

Italian.

Question 3

Although it was condemned by the church,Da Vinci gained knowledge of human anatomy through

A) dissecting bodies.
B) hiring nude models.
C) painting nude figures.
D) going to medical school at a secular university.
E) None of these.

Answer 3

dissecting bodies.

Question 4

Humanists criticized earlier Scholastic thinkers for what reason?

A) For their emphasis only on Christian theology.
B) For not taking Greek literature into consideration.
C) For improper translations into Latin.
D) For not paying attention to grammar and vocabulary.
E) For trying to fuse logic and faith to explain religion.

Question 5

Michaelangelo was famous for painting

A) the Mona Lisa
B) the Sistine Chapel
C) the life of St. Francis of Assisi
D) portraits of the De Medici family.
E) the Last Supper

Question 6

A northern European artwork contained in manuscripts is found in what form?

A) illuminations within Bibles
B) calendars with Saint's days
C) ornate designs of geometric figures inspired by Arabic artwork
D) symbolism within family portraits
E) None of these.

Question 7

Why was Emmanuel Chrysoloras important to the Italian Renaissance?

A) He wrote The Prince.
B) He reintroduced Greek scientific works to the West.
C) He translated the New Testament from Greek.
D) He brought the political writings of Cicero to the Florentines.
E) He introduced the artistic technique of perspective to painters from the East.

Question 8

Masters,such as Giotto,who created religious art were not deemed artists,but

A) artisans.
B) craftsmen.
C) clients.
D) apprentices.
E) None of these.

Question 9

To prevent confusion of social status indicated by one's clothing,city governments in Italian states

A) mandated that the poor could wear only black.
B) limited the amount of jewelry women could wear in public.
C) required that nobility wear a badge of rank.
D) passed laws to prevent middle and lower classes from wearing clothing intended only for the wealthy.
E) All of these

Question 10

Typical furniture for a family of modest means in the fourteenth century would have included all of the following except

A) one or two beds for the family.
B) a common table used for work and dining.
C) a stool or bench.
D) a cabinet for clothing.
E) a chest for storage.

Question 11

In his travels as an ambassador for the Pope in Avignon,where did Petrarch rediscover many forgotten texts?

A) libraries.
B) private collections.
C) archives.
D) museums.
E) monasteries.

Question 12

By the end of the fifteenth century,painters were valued for their

A) skill in colors.
B) creative talents.
C) ability to adhere to contracts between painter and patron.
D) use of perspective in painting.
E) ability to paint, sculpt, and run a business with other artisans.

Question 13

Brunelleschi became famous from

A) writing political philosophy.
B) his scientific drawings.
C) sculpting David.
D) engineering the dome of the Florence Cathedral.
E) painting religious frescoes.

Question 14

Lay scholars interested in learning at this time were known as

A) students.
B) confraternities.
C) humanists.
D) philosophers.
E) secularists.

Question 15

What is meant by the "vanishing point" in painting?

A) The spot at which perspective is lost.
B) The blending of colors into one another.
C) The convergence of lines to give the appearance of dimension.
D) The embedding or hiding an image in the background of a painting.
E) The extension a picture to the very edges of a canvas to convey its continuation.

Question 16

Brunelleschi is credited with having introduced which technique to painting?

A) linear perspective
B) three dimensions
C) contrapunctal positioning
D) egg-based paint instead of oil
E) defined musculature of human forms

Question 17

Florence became a center of Greek revival because manuscripts arrived there from

A) Greece.
B) Paris.
C) the Ottoman Empire.
D) Macedonia.
E) Damascus.

Question 18

One of the main ways families in the fifteenth century could demonstrate their wealth and status was through

A) patronage of the arts.
B) donations to a church.
C) sending their sons to universities.
D) buying material goods for decoration.
E) going on a pilgrimage.

Question 19

The advance made in painting by the Italians during this time period was the use of

A) warm colors that emulated texture.
B) perspective.
C) anatomically developed human figures.
D) contraposed statues of the human form.
E) nonreligious portraiture.

Question 20

The study of ancient texts to support Florence's republican government came from

A) bibliophiles.
B) the Byzantine aristocracy.
C) guild masters.
D) civic humanists.
E) church scholars.

Question 21

With cheaper paper and widespread printing,all of the following saw a dramatic increase in circulation except

A) political pamphlets.
B) the Bible.
C) bureaucratic forms.
D) art reproductions.
E) religious tracts.

Question 22

What was the challenge of incorporating Hebrew texts into humanist scholarship?

A) The Jewish community retained a monopoly on teaching Hebrew.
B) Secular and government restrictions in Spain and France prohibited Hebrew texts.
C) The objection that Judaism had any influence on Christianity.
D) Kabbalah was on the Catholic Church's Forbidden Index.
E) Fear of the Inquisition.

Question 23

The ruling family of Milan in the mid-fifteenth century was

A) the Sforza.
B) the Visconti.
C) the Medici.
D) the Borgias.
E) None of these.

Question 24

The new field of patristics focused on what?

A) grammar and rhetoric of early translations.
B) study of the writings of the early church fathers.
C) tracing patrons' family histories.
D) studying the political writings of ancient Rome.
E) lives of the saints as literature rather than theology.

Question 25

The inventor of the printing press was

A) Da Vinci.
B) Gutenberg.
C) Brunelleschi.
D) Petrarch.
E) Weisberg.

Question 26

King Francis I of France had an intense cultural interest in

A) humanism.
B) Renaissance painting.
C) chivalry.
D) reformation of the church.
E) expanding literacy.

Question 27

Machiavelli's work dedicated to the Medici was

A) In Praise of Folly.
B) Utopia.
C) The Prince.
D) Book of the Hours.
E) Lives of the Courtiers.

Question 28

What was the basis for the de' Medici family's source of power in Florence?

A) Operating the first printing press in the city.
B) Lorenzo was a powerful lawyer who wrote city charters.
C) Cosimo was banker to the Pope.
D) Investing in overseas trade.
E) Patronizing the arts.

Question 29

A major difference between northern and Italian literary scholars was

A) northern scholars were inclined to apply their knowledge to business rather than art.
B) Italian scholars were more withdrawn and cloistered.
C) northern scholars tried to reconcile humanism and Christianity.
D) Italian scholars rarely deviated from Christian theology in their studies.
E) Italian scholars came mostly from church-run institutions.

Question 30

What was Pope Julius II most noted for?

A) Leading his own army to impose papal rule over central Italy
B) Being part of the Borgia family and appointing his illegitimate son as a cardinal
C) Overthrowing the Medici in Florence
D) Declaring war on the Holy Roman Empire
E) Initiating a reconciliation with the Eastern Orthodox Church

Question 31

The city that referred to itself as The Most Serene Republic was

A) Florence.
B) Genoa
C) Venice
D) Sicily
E) Verona

Question 32

The duties of the condotierri in northern Italian cities included

A) overseeing and regulating fairness in trade.
B) acting as patrician council members
C) serving as peacekeepers and professional soldiers.
D) working as conductors of gondolas in Venice.
E) negotiating between rival families to settle vendettas.

Question 33

In contrast to the Republican (in theory)system of government in Florence,Milan was ruled by

A) a Prince.
B) a Duke.
C) a Doge.
D) a Majordomo
E) a Condotierri

Question 34

What contributed most significantly to the growth of humanist culture in the Renaissance?

A) The waning power of the church
B) The decline of the Byzantine Empire
C) The invention of the printing press
D) The growth of private tutorials for secular education
E) The patronage by wealthy Florentine families of the artists and writers surrounding them

Question 35

One of the most popular forms of literature in England was

A) Petrarchian sonnets.
B) Arthurian legends.
C) utopianism.
D) Christian humanist debates.
E) None of these.

Question 36

The maritime republics of Venice and Genoa went to war with each other four times over

A) claims of territory for trade.
B) monopolies on certain luxury goods.
C) refusal to engage in price-setting accords.
D) trying to undercut one another in Constantinople.
E) being the chief purveyor of goods to the papacy.

Question 37

Which of the following changed Florence's tradition of government in the hands of wealthy merchants in 1494?

A) The Venetian Doge
B) A reform-minded preacher
C) The pope
D) An open election by all of the city guilds
E) None of these.

Question 38

Which of the following was not a fear that stemmed from the production of a Bible in the vernacular (common language)?

A) That laity would not rely on the church for spiritual guidance
B) That availability of the Bible would lead to a call for more schools and universities
C) That laity would read but not correctly understand the Bible
D) That women might get out of line if they were able to read the Bible
E) That it would alienate people from religion altogether in the face of new studies in philosophy

Question 39

The Christian humanist who produced updated Greek versions of the New Testament and came under the scrutiny of the church in the early sixteenth century was

A) Thomas More.
B) Jan Hus.
C) John Wycliffe.
D) Desiderus Erasmus.
E) Martin Luther.

Question 40

The humanist scholar who proved that the Donation of Constantine was a forgery was

A) Thomas More.
B) Lorenzo Valla.
C) Ludovico Sforza.
D) Desiderus Erasmus.
E) Leonardo da Vinci.

Question 41

The principality in the Holy Roman Empire that was seen as a buffer state against invasion by the Ottomans was

A) Moravia.
B) Prussia.
C) Poland.
D) Bohemia.
E) Saxony.

Question 42

The late fourteenth-century marriage of Jagiello and Jadwiga connected their kingdom to the Holy Roman Empire because they

A) were Catholic rather than Eastern Orthodox.
B) waged war against Russia.
C) joined the Teutonic Knights to fight the Mongols.
D) embraced the economic opportunities brought by the Hanseatic League.
E) married their children into the Habsburg family.

Question 43

To discourage invasion of Russia by the Golden Horde,Basil I formed an alliance with

A) Poland.
B) Lithuania.
C) the Teutonic Knights.
D) the Holy Roman Empire.
E) the Ottoman Empire.

Question 44

Basil II of Russia achieved political stability after

A) expelling the Mongols from Russia.
B) expelling the Tatars (Golden Horde).
C) quelling attacks from the Hanseatic League.
D) suppressing civil wars brought on by his family's challenge to his rule.
E) accepting Roman Catholicism instead of Eastern Orthodoxy.

Question 45

What is humanism,and how was it different than anything seen in western Europe at this time?

Question 46

What problems did the papacy confront during the Renaissance period?

Question 47

How did the states of eastern Europe become affiliated with the Holy Roman Empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

Question 48

The Wars of the Roses were fought in England between which two families?

A) The Lancasters and Tudors
B) The Plantagenets and Capetians
C) The Lancasters and Yorks
D) The Yorks and Tudors
E) The Tudors and Stuarts

Question 49

At the end of the fifteenth century,the strongest power in the East was

A) Bohemia.
B) Poland-Lithuania.
C) Moscow.
D) Hungary.
E) the Ottoman Empire.

Question 50

What led to the dramatic rise of literacy,particularly in Italy,in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

Question 51

What was the political structure of the Italian states during the Renaissance?

Question 52

Trace the shift in dynastic politics in England in the fifteenth century.

Question 53

How did Moscow rise to prominence in the Russian kingdom after the Mongol decline?

Question 54

The Hanseatic League was

A) an association of German merchants in various outposts in the Baltics and Scandinavia.
B) an alliance of principalities within the Holy Roman Empire who opposed Sigismund.
C) a confederation of humanist scholars who tried to separate the empire from its affiliation with the Catholic Church.
D) a group of Germanic princes who sought to enforce their rule over the northern Italian city-states.
E) None of these.

Question 55

How did the War of Chioggia determine the balance of trade within the Italian city-states?

Question 56

The Golden Bull,issued by Holy Roman emperor Charles IV,declared that

A) future Holy Roman emperors must be chosen by seven permanent electors between church and state.
B) the emperor could only come from the principality of Bohemia.
C) the principalities of the Holy Roman Empire must unite and declare war against the Ottoman Empire.
D) the Hanseatic League would function as municipal governments in the eastern territories.
E) the emperor could issue decrees in the name of the pope.

Question 57

How did the Renaissance differ in France compared to Italy and the northern lands?

Question 58

What is the meaning of Christian humanism? What were the goals of its adherents,and what did they accomplish?

Question 59

The final showdown for power among the English royal factions,which installed the Tudor dynasty,was at

A) Hastings.
B) Bosworth Field.
C) Calais.
D) Crécy.
E) Kent.

Question 60

What were the significant differences between the Italian and the Northern Renaissance?

Question 61

Aldus Manutius invented the movable type font that promoted wide publication of texts in the fifteenth century.

Question 62

The power of combining Poland and Lithuania defeated the Teutonic Knights.

Question 63

Desiderius Erasmus translated the bible into Greek and Latin

Question 64

Machiavelli's famous treatise,The Prince,advised that a ruler treat his people with kindness and concern for popular matters of interest.

Question 65

Richard III put an end to the War of the Roses by marrying the daughter of the French King.

Question 66

In Venice,only patrician men were allowed to wear the red gowns known as giubba.

Question 67

Pope Alexander VI was viewed as scandalous because he promoted his illegitimate son to church positions.

Question 68

How was the image of chivalric tradition transmitted in the fifteenth century,and to what purpose?

Question 69

In the War of Chioggia,Venice was the ultimate winner of the conflict between the economic competitors.

Question 70

Oil paintings in the Flemish style were characterized by the sparse use of objects.

Question 71

Emmanuel Chrysoloras founded the centers of renewed learning in Venice because of its maritime access.