Deck 15: A Century of Crisis,1550-1650

Question 1

One of the significant factors contributing to Dutch economic power was their monopoly on trade in

A) India
B) China
C) North America
D) Japan
E) Brazil

Answer 1

Japan

Question 2

Which of the following was not a factor in the price revolutions of the sixteenth century?

A) Philip II declaring bankruptcy
B) overpopulation
C) inflation
D) an increase in land prices
E) an increase in demand for wages.

Answer 2

an increase in demand for wages.

Question 3

Jacques Callot,a French artist,became famous for his paintings and etchings about

A) everyday life.
B) the excesses of royalty and nobility at court.
C) the horrors of war.
D) religious devotion in the Counter-Reformation.
E) new landscapes in the Americas.

Answer 3

the horrors of war.

Question 4

In the seventeenth century,the standard of living in Europe declined because of

A) inflation because there was a flood of precious metals from the New World.
B) decreased population from the plague and wars.
C) deforestation, which eroded soil when timber was sold to build ships.
D) the emigration of many people to New World colonies.
E) the lack of technological advancement in this time period.

Question 5

The majority of witchcraft trials were held in

A) the Holy Roman Empire.
B) England.
C) France.
D) Spain.
E) Russia.

Question 6

Which of the following was not a factor in the rise of Dutch economic success?

A) A trade arrangement with Poland for grain
B) An alliance with England for exploration in the Indies
C) Fishing off the North Sea
D) The Calvinist work ethic known as the calling
E) A diversified economy split between agriculture and industry

Question 7

French colonization in the Americas was first found in which area?

A) Newfoundland
B) Quebec
C) Louisiana
D) Florida
E) The Caribbean

Question 8

England's first joint-stock company formed a colony in

A) Virginia.
B) Barbados.
C) Calcutta.
D) Goa.
E) Haiti.

Question 9

Among the New World crops brought back to Europe,which became a staple crop in northern Europe?

A) maize
B) potatoes
C) rice
D) wheat
E) beans

Question 10

Which of the following behaviors were forbidden for the Spanish Moriscos?

A) Speaking Arabic
B) Bathing on Friday
C) Eating couscous
D) Traditional dancing
E) All of these

Question 11

Philip II launched the Spanish Armada in 1588 against

A) the Dutch rebels.
B) Portugal.
C) the Ottoman navy.
D) England.
E) North Africa.

Question 12

The Dutch miracle during the late sixteenth century was

A) religious.
B) cultural.
C) military.
D) economic.
E) All of these.

Question 13

What was the process called in which individuals would pool resources and receive shares of profits from their investment?

A) capitalism
B) mercantile exchange
C) Atlantic trade
D) joint-stock companies
E) diversification of investment

Question 14

Religious wars in the seventeenth century were experienced in all of Europe except

A) England.
B) France.
C) Germany.
D) the Dutch Republic.
E) All of these experienced religious wars.

Question 15

The main city for commodities trading in Europe was

A) Paris.
B) London.
C) Seville.
D) Amsterdam.
E) Venice.

Question 16

What caused the "Spanish Fury" in 1575,when Spanish troops sacked the city of Antwerp?

A) The Duke of Alba laid siege to the city during the Dutch resistance.
B) Calvinists rose up in rebellion.
C) Philip II declared bankruptcy and couldn't pay his troops.
D) Accusations of witchcraft against Philip II.
E) Swedish troops garrisoned in Antwerp were caught under siege.

Question 17

The initial trade between the Americas and Asia was aboard a ship known as the

A) Armada.
B) Dhow.
C) Junk.
D) Manila galleon.
E) Flukeship.

Question 18

By the end of the seventeenth century,coffee was introduced to the European market from plantations in

A) China.
B) the Arabian Peninsula.
C) Brazil.
D) the East Indies.
E) Louisiana.

Question 19

Under the Ottoman Empire's organization of millets,Jews were excluded and encouraged to

A) go to Poland
B) go to Turkey
C) join the Janissary corps
D) convert to Islam
E) None of these.

Question 20

How did the conflict between the Dutch Republic and Spain finally end?

A) The Duke of Alba launched an offensive, which defeated the Dutch rebels.
B) England, the Dutch Republic, and northern Germany teamed up to support Protestant rebels.
C) Northern rebels under William of Orange flooded the country.
D) The Spanish army mutinied after not being paid.
E) Spain got involved in the Thirty Years' War instead.

Question 21

What is political absolutism?

A) The ability of the king to rule without any challenges to his authority
B) The necessity of shared governance between a king and parliament
C) The definition of a king's powers under an explicitly constructed contract or constitution
D) A king who is both head of the temporal and religious authority within his kingdom
E) None of these.

Question 22

What was the accord which settled the disputes of the Thirty Years' War called?

A) The Treaty of the Pyrenees
B) The Edict of Nantes
C) The Peace of Augsburg
D) The Peace of Westphalia
E) The Union of Brest Litovsk

Question 23

As a result of the Peace of Alès,

A) King Louis XIII married a Protestant princess from the Dutch Republic.
B) Cardinal Richelieu set aside territory in Alsace Lorraine as a Protestant refuge.
C) Huguenot fortresses were dismantled.
D) religious toleration ended.
E) England and France ended their disputes over Canada.

Question 24

Which was the last phase of the Thirty Years' War?

A) The Swedish phase
B) The Spanish Phase
C) The French Phase
D) The English Phase
E) None of these.

Question 25

What was the Long Parliament?

A) A Parliament that met for an extended session to negotiate with James I over the power of the king
B) A Parliament in which the incumbent representatives remained in power for more than twenty years
C) When Parliament met in a continuous session during the Irish rebellions in the 1630s
D) When Parliament reconvened for the first time in ten years after being disbanded by Charles I
E) When Parliament was comprised entirely of radical Puritans who executed the king in 1649

Question 26

King Henry IV's successes included all of the following except

A) the creation of a centralist bureaucracy.
B) the Edict of Nantes.
C) gaining the support and loyalty of the nobility.
D) the use of tax reforms to build up the royal treasury and pay off debts.
E) building long-term lucrative colonies for France.

Question 27

In the French Wars of Religion,the policy that legalized Protestantism was implemented by

A) King Henry III.
B) Henry Guise.
C) Henry of Navarre/Henry IV
D) Philip II of Spain.
E) King William of Orange.

Question 28

French Protestants were called

A) Huguenots.
B) Moriscos.
C) Anabaptists.
D) Puritans.
E) Presbyterians.

Question 29

Elizabeth I faced all of the following problems in England except

A) assurance of a peaceful transfer of succession.
B) competition and bad feelings from Spain.
C) rebellion in Ireland.
D) instilling a moderate form of Protestantism in England.
E) limitations in naval abilities.

Question 30

In addition to his literary accomplishments in the English Renaissance,Sir Walter Raleigh also accomplished what?

A) He led the assault against the Spanish during the Spanish Armada.
B) He supported the bid for the throne by Mary Stuart of Scotland.
C) He led troops among the Dutch rebels.
D) He founded the colony of Roanoke.
E) He established a trade agreement with the Philippines.

Question 31

What right(s)of Poland-Lithuania did the nobility of Habsburg lands seek to emulate?

A) The right of the nobility to elect their king
B) The right to depose the king if he violated his coronation oath
C) The right to veto a measure in the Diet
D) The right of the nobility to rule their serfs as they saw fit without interference
E) All of these.

Question 32

The Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre was started when

A) Catholics attacked Protestants in Paris.
B) Huguenots rose up in revolution against religious persecution at the Cathedral of St. Bartholomew.
C) The Holy Roman Emperor informed the Protestants in Bohemia that they would have to convert to Catholicism.
D) The Edict of Nante required all Huguenots to leave the country.
E) Irish Catholics rose up against English lords in Ulster.

Question 33

The major objection that the English nobility had to James I becoming king of England was

A) he was Presbyterian.
B) he was related to the French royal family.
C) he was Catholic.
D) he was an absolutist.
E) he wanted to eliminate parliament.

Question 34

The reason that Mary Stuart posed a threat to Elizabeth's reign was that she

A) had French support.
B) was married to Philip II of Spain.
C) was Catholic and could draw supporters from the Catholic population.
D) had the support of the Irish army
E) led Scotland into war against England.

Question 35

Which of the following is false about implementing the Edict of Nantes?

A) Henry IV converted to Catholicism to become king.
B) The edict ended, once and for all, the conflict between Protestants and Catholics.
C) The French nobility were very suspicious of Henry's conversion.
D) Communities within France were fragmented.
E) To obtain support for the edict, Henry bribed both Catholics and Huguenots into accepting it.

Question 36

Which of the following was an indirect tax that acted as a significant revenue raising measure in France and was created by Minister Sully?

A) the taille
B) the ship tax
C) the caput
D) the paulette
E) the match tax.

Question 37

What was the objection of the Puritans in England?

A) They wanted to impose the Book of Common Prayer for religious unification.
B) They wanted Catholics expelled from England.
C) They wanted a true religious reformation beyond Anglicanism.
D) They wanted total separation of Church and State.
E) They did not agree with the translations of the King James Bible

Question 38

The defenestration of Prague occurred in 1617 when

A) Ferdinand II's representatives were expelled from Bohemia in rejection of mandated Catholicism.
B) Ferdinand's emissaries were thrown out of windows by Protestants.
C) Protestants in Bohemia rejected the decree from Ferdinand that all churches must have stained-glass windows.
D) the Protestant king Frederick fell to his death from a window, and rumors of a murder conspiracy circulated.
E) all Protestants in Bohemia shuttered their windows during a royal procession as a protest against Catholicism.

Question 39

After the split of the Habsburg lands,Ferdinand's holdings in the east were threatened by the Ottoman presence in

A) Bohemia.
B) Hungary.
C) Moravia.
D) Romania.
E) Greece.

Question 40

Gustavus II Adolphus of Sweden entered the Thirty Years' War because he

A) wanted to support the Bohemian Protestant nobility.
B) wanted to expand Swedish power in the Baltics and feared a Catholic Germany would limit his plans.
C) wanted to prevent Russia from coming to the aid of the Germans.
D) was trying to form a trade agreement with the Dutch Republic, and it supported the Protestant faction.
E) wanted to suppress ideas of absolutism under the Holy Roman emperor.

Question 41

What was the name of the "radical" group of political reformers during the Civil War who wanted England to reject private property and operate communally?

A) Levellers
B) Lollards
C) Diggers
D) Fabianists
E) Communists

Question 42

How did the division of the Habsburg Empire change the Holy Roman Empire?

Question 43

What was the cause of the war in Poland-Lithuania that broke out in 1648?

A) The Cossack rebellion in Ukraine.
B) The attempt by Russia to force Russian Orthodoxy on Catholic Poland.
C) A violent dispute over access to the Baltic that opened hostilities with Sweden.
D) The expulsion from Poland of German merchants.
E) Poland's refusal to participate in the Peace of Westphalia.

Question 44

What accounts for the surge and eventual decrease in witchcraft trials in the seventeenth century?

Question 45

In what ways can one argue that the French Wars of Religion were part of a larger framework of European wars and politics?

Question 46

How did the situation of western European Jews improve or decline during the Wars of Religion during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

Question 47

The period when Cromwell imposed the rule of English Parliament on Scotland is known as the

A) Black Watch.
B) Restoration.
C) Anglican hegemony.
D) Commonwealth.
E) Time of Troubles.

Question 48

How did the nature of war change over the course of the seventeenth century?

Question 49

How did the English Renaissance differ from the earlier Renaissance in Italy,and why did it take longer to appear?

Question 50

What was the specific incident that caused Charles I to declare war on the British Parliament?

A) The demand by Puritans in the Parliament to overthrow the Book of Common Prayer.
B) They refused to provide Charles with money to fight a war in Ireland.
C) They demanded the same rights as those granted to the Scottish Parliament.
D) Their refusal to recognize the absolute nature of his power.
E) They arrested William Laud.

Question 51

Who was not a participant in the 19 years of war that followed the Cossack Revolt?

A) Poland
B) Russia
C) Sweden
D) Denmark
E) All of these were involved.

Question 52

Analyze the causes of the English civil war.Why was it ultimately resolved with the restoration?

Question 53

Sephardim Jews were originally from

A) Spain.
B) Germany and Poland.
C) Hungary.
D) Italy.
E) Amsterdam.

Question 54

New Jewish settlements in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were found in all of the following areas except

A) Bohemia.
B) Spain.
C) the Dutch Republic.
D) England.
E) France.

Question 55

What problems did the Stuart kings in England face in implementing absolutism,compared to rulers in France?

Question 56

How were the Wars of Religion from the Protestant Reformation renewed in Europe in the Seventeenth Century?

Question 57

By the end of the seventeenth century,about 75 percent of Jews in the world lived in

A) Russia.
B) Italy.
C) the Dutch Republic.
D) Poland.
E) Ukraine.

Question 58

The original Jewish settlers in Amsterdam whose trade connections helped fuel Dutch economic growth in this time period were

A) Sephardim
B) Ashkenazim
C) Hassidim
D) Conversos
E) None of these.

Question 59

Discuss the transformation of the European economy in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

Question 60

What religion were the Polish Cossacks trying to protect?

A) Catholicism
B) Judaism
C) Protestantism
D) Russian Orthodoxy
E) Ukrainian Uniate

Question 61

The Union of Brest-Litovsk was a treaty signed to end religious warfare in Poland.

Question 62

What role did overseas competition play in fueling conflict between the European states?

Question 63

The Virginia Colony's chief export was tobacco.

Question 64

Queen Elizabeth I was married to her cousin,Philip II of Spain.

Question 65

After the Spanish Armada was launched in 1588,Spain managed to defeat Dutch protestants by force.

Question 66

The Edict of Nantes expelled the Huguenots from France after the St.Bartholomew's Day Massacre.

Question 67

A dissident group in England known as the Levellers wanted to establish England as a democratic republic.

Question 68

Oliver Cromwell ultimately seized the throne and crown of England during the Civil Wars.

Question 69

How were the Wars of Religion in the eastern section of Europe comparable to the Wars of Religion that took place earlier in western Europe?

Question 70

The "defenestration of Prague" launched the Thirty Years' War.

Question 71

The majority of the accused in witchcraft trials were older,single women.

Question 72

The greatest stimulation to the Dutch economy was from ships and shipping.