Deck 19: Revolutionary France and Napoleonic Europe,1775-1815

Question 1

Who was considered an eligible member to vote for representatives in the Estates General?

A) All citizens of France over the age of 18.
B) Only men over the age of 18.
C) Members of the first and second estate.
D) Tax paying men over the age of 25.
E) Men over 25 who owned property.

Answer 1

Tax paying men over the age of 25.

Question 2

The event that required Louis XVI to recall the Estates General in 1789 was the

A) need for their consent for participation in the American Revolution.
B) need to reassure France that he was on top of the financial crisis.
C) need for a loan to forestall bankruptcy for France.
D) declaration of the Third Estate that the king must enact just prices.
E) overwhelming concern of the nobility and clergy that the Third Estate was going to riot.

Answer 2

need to reassure France that he was on top of the financial crisis.

Question 3

Maximilien Robespierre led which political faction?

A) Jacobins
B) Sans-culottes
C) Feuillants
D) Girondins
E) Montagne

Answer 3

Jacobins

Question 4

The October 1789 return to Paris by Louis XVI and his family was demanded by

A) the National Assembly.
B) the nobility, who were afraid he was letting the Assembly run the country.
C) the Army of the Republic.
D) Parisian women.
E) the clergy.

Question 5

The major problem seen with Louis XVI's calling of the Estates General was that

A) it gave equal numbers of representatives to the clergy and nobility as to the Third Estate.
B) all three estates would present one unified vote, one vote per estate.
C) there were insufficient measures of support for the poor presented in the meeting.
D) the king did not have to listen to the Estates General because it was not covered in the constitution.
E) the Third Estate was not well enough informed about the workings of the government to present a united platform.

Question 6

Standardization of the government in France is best exemplified by the creation of which of the following?

A) metric measurements
B) cahiers
C) deputies of the Assembly
D) departments
E) entrance testing for positions in the government by merit rather than rank

Question 7

The beginning of the constitutional revolution happened in June 1789 when

A) Louis XVI suspended the Estates General for their failure to reach a consensus.
B) the Third Estate broke away from the Estates General and formed the National Assembly.
C) the First and Second Estates overruled the Third Estate by corporate vote.
D) all three estates formed the National Assembly.
E) peasants and poor urban workers formed a protest outside the Estates General, and riots began.

Question 8

In the social orders of France,the First Estate represented the

A) army.
B) nobility.
C) merchants.
D) clergy.
E) common workers.

Question 9

The events of the October Days were characterized by

A) Louis's return to Paris to stand trial.
B) the armed seizure of power by the National Assembly.
C) the takeover of the National Assembly by the Jacobin faction.
D) Louis's resignation as king.
E) the shift of power from Versailles to Paris.

Question 10

What caused the financial strains on France that necessitated Louis XVI to increase taxes?

A) Debt from the aid France provided in the American Revolution.
B) Questioning in the Enlightenment age regarding the idea of Divine Right and Absolutism.
C) Bad harvests and famines in the 1780s caused an increase in the price of bread.
D) The unequal tax burden imposed on the third estate.
E) All of these.

Question 11

What was the Bastille?

A) A medieval fortress that served as a prison
B) A dungeon where political prisoners were tortured
C) The king's palace in Paris, when he was not at Versailles
D) The tennis court where the National Assembly was meeting
E) A supply depot where grain and foodstuffs were stored

Question 12

The most widely read political tract in the late eighteenth century in France was

A) Sieyès's What Is the Third Estate?
B) Rousseau's The Social Contract.
C) Payne's Common Sense.
D) Jefferson's Declaration of Independence.
E) Hobbes's The Commonwealth.

Question 13

What was the Great Fear?

A) The fear by the first and second estates that the new constitution would limit their power.
B) The fear by Louis XVI that he was going to be overthrown after dismissing Necker.
C) The fear that the National Assembly would be dismissed before a constitution was completed.
D) Peasant revolts in the rest of the country in reaction to the events in Paris.
E) Mutiny by the army when called upon to stop mob violence at the Bastille.

Question 14

Which of the following would not be included in the Third Estate,as defined by law?

A) A merchant
B) A weaver
C) A peasant
D) A parish priest
E) A domestic servant

Question 15

At the heart of the Tennis Court Oath was the determination that the

A) National Assembly would not disband without a constitution.
B) king was to empower all three estates in shared governance.
C) king must be replaced.
D) state must meet the needs of the poor in this time of economic crisis.
E) National Assembly could replace the king in times of emergency.

Question 16

The primary cause for the start of the French Revolution was

A) the refusal of Louis XVI to call the Estates General.
B) the refusal of the parlements to lend the government sufficient money.
C) suppression of the Parisian presses that were getting too radical.
D) the inability of Louis XVI to solve the financial deficit.
E) Marie Antoinette's purchase of a vastly expensive necklace.

Question 17

Which of the following was not accomplished in the legislative acts from the Night of August 4 (1789)?

A) Abolition of feudal dues.
B) Abolition of the church Tithe
C) Enfranchisement of all citizens.
D) Elimination of tax privileges of towns and provinces.
E) Opening of military positions previously open only to nobility.

Question 18

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

A) was the constitution put forth by the National Assembly in August 1789.
B) provided equal rights for men and women, now deemed citizens.
C) was a document outlining the natural rights to be enjoyed by the citizens of France.
D) was never ratified by the National Assembly.
E) included a bill of rights that was endorsed by Louis XVI.

Question 19

After the October Days,what term best describes the government of France?

A) Republic
B) Constitutional monarchy
C) Absolutist monarchy
D) Democracy
E) Plutocracy

Question 20

All of the following were accomplished by the Constitution of 1791 except

A) slavery was outlawed.
B) all titles of the nobility were abolished.
C) sovereignty rested in the nation rather than the king.
D) women had the right to vote.
E) ability, not birth, determined status.

Question 21

Which of the following was not a symbol of new politicization in everyday life?

A) Wearing long trousers
B) Wearing powdered wigs
C) Addressing other people as "citizen"
D) Addressing other people with the personal pronoun of you (in French,"tu")
E) Singing the Marseillaise

Question 22

The Committee of Public Safety mobilized French society during the revolution and built the army through

A) conscription.
B) volunteerism.
C) intimidation.
D) mercenary hiring.
E) lottery.

Question 23

Who was the man elected as leader of the Committee of Public Safety in 1793?

A) Georges Danton
B) Jacques-Louis David
C) Jean-Paul Marat
D) Maximilian Robespierre
E) Napoleon Bonaparte

Question 24

In a preemptive strike to avoid overthrow,the Assembly declared war in 1792 on which country?

A) England and Austria
B) Austria and Prussia.
C) Prussia and the Netherlands.
D) Spain and Italy.
E) Flanders and Austria.

Question 25

Of the groups opposed to the Revolution,the émigrés were those who

A) opposed disbanding the Catholic Church.
B) were avid supporters of the king.
C) felt it was too dangerous to live in France.
D) were expelled by order of the National Assembly.
E) were foreigners in nations opposed to the Revolution.

Question 26

In her quest for political reforms,Olympia de Gouges called for all of the following except

A) a voluntary tax to be paid by all.
B) a state system of social security and state employment.
C) a system of public education for boys and girls.
D) local community ownership of farmlands for peasants.
E) equal social and political rights for women compared to men.

Question 27

What did the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen lead to in regards to the question of slavery?

A) Debate as to the meaning of citizenship.
B) Revolt in Saint-Domingue.
C) Abolition of the slave trade in France and its colonies.
D) The end of French control of the colonial islands.
E) All of these.

Question 28

All of the following were demands of the sans-culottes except

A) universal suffrage.
B) state-sponsored welfare.
C) universal public education.
D) government price controls.
E) government regulation of private property rights.

Question 29

The faction in the National Convention that argued for execution of Louis XVI in 1792 was the

A) Jacobins.
B) sans-culottes.
C) Mountain.
D) Girondin.
E) feuillants.

Question 30

The new religion that Robespierre presided over at festivals was

A) Temples of Reason.
B) Cult of the Supreme Being.
C) Festivus.
D) Fruits of the Season.
E) the Marseillaise.

Question 31

Who of the following was not taken to the guillotine during the Reign of Terror?

A) Olympia de Gouges
B) Marie Antoinette
C) Girondin opposition to the Committee
D) Jean Paul Marat
E) All of these

Question 32

What percentage of men were qualified as citizens based on new property requirements?

A) 10 to 20 percent
B) 25 to 33 percent
C) about 50 percent
D) 60 to 70 percent
E) less than 10 percent

Question 33

In support of the French Revolution,Thomas Paine wrote

A) Reflections on the Revolution in France.
B) The Rights of Man.
C) A Vindication of the Rights of Man.
D) Enquiry Concerning Political Justice.
E) The Conspiracy of Equals.

Question 34

The September Massacres were carried out primarily by which revolutionary group?

A) Jacobins
B) sans-culottes
C) Committee for Public Safety
D) Girondin
E) feuillants

Question 35

The most symbolic effort of the new republic to break with the taint of the past was

A) the use of the metric system.
B) the revision of the calendar.
C) the conversion of Notre Dame to an academic institution.
D) the destruction of Versailles.
E) none of these.

Question 36

The Vendée objected mostly to which action of the Revolution?

A) The categorization of active and passive citizens
B) The declaration of war outside Europe
C) Conscription of peasants for the army
D) The execution of the king
E) The September Massacres

Question 37

In 1791,after new elections,the National Assembly was transformed into the

A) Directory.
B) Brumaire.
C) Consulate.
D) National Convention.
E) Committee of Public Safety.

Question 38

In order to compromise regarding citizenship,the Assembly classified whom as "active" citizens?

A) members of the sans culottes
B) men and women over the age of 25
C) all men over age 25
D) men who owned or controlled property
E) men who were employed

Question 39

Reforms to the church were made by the Civil Constitution of the Clergy.What was the group of people called who refused to abide by this constitution?

A) separatists
B) traitors
C) nonjurors
D) the first estate
E) Jansenists

Question 40

In response to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy and other aspects of change,Louis XVI and his family

A) fled Paris but were captured and held prisoner.
B) enthusiastically endorsed the secularization of the government.
C) embraced the new Constitution of 1791.
D) appealed to the people of France for calm in working out new departments.
E) were executed by guillotine.

Question 41

Why did the French National Assembly reconsider the issue of slavery?

Question 42

In the early years of his reign,Napoleon accomplished all of the following except

A) reorganization of the French state.
B) a comprehensive overhaul of the legal code.
C) a degree of reconciliation with the Catholic Church.
D) an end to the war with Austria.
E) conquering England's holdings in Egypt.

Question 43

What were the effects of the Napoleonic Code?

Question 44

Trace the evolution of the National Assembly's issuance of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.Why was this document originally perceived as insufficient?

Question 45

In what sense did Napoleon's rise to power represent the best of the possibilities offered by the Revolution?

Question 46

The Directory was a political system that

A) used a five-member executive committee to choose a new ruler for France.
B) oversaw the National Assembly while they reformed the constitution after the Thermidorian reaction.
C) implemented two houses of government and five overseers.
D) combined the political leanings of the Girondins, the pro-monarchists, the nonjurors, and the sans-culottes.
E) utilized the departments established during the Reign of Terror as a centralist bureaucracy.

Question 47

What preconditions existed in France that provoked revolution in 1789?

Question 48

The longest-lasting peace that Napoleon made was with

A) Prussia.
B) Poland.
C) Austria.
D) the pope.
E) the consulate.

Question 49

The Batavian Republic was established in

A) Holland.
B) Germany.
C) Italy.
D) Switzerland.
E) Poland.

Question 50

What effect did the unification of European alliances against Napoleon and France have in the wars between 1805-1814?

Question 51

What was the "Thermidorian Reaction"?

A) An escalation of bloody violence in the Great Terror.
B) A reversal of Jacobin policy after the fall of the Committee.
C) The attack on Italy by Napoleon.
D) The repression of anti-revolutionary activity in the Vendée
E) The seizure of power by pro-monarchists assisted by Prussia and Austria.

Question 52

Discuss the first constitution presented by the National Assembly in 1791.To whom did this document this appeal? Who found it unsatisfactory and why?

Question 53

Which groups under Napoleon did not have freedom to worship their chosen religion?

A) Protestants
B) Catholics
C) Jews
D) Protestants, Jews, and Catholics
E) Napoleon allowed all of these groups to practice their chosen religion.

Question 54

The longest-lasting reform made by Napoleon was

A) the Concordat of 1801.
B) the reestablishment of slavery.
C) the reorganization of the government using prefects.
D) the revision of the law code.
E) mandatory military service for all men under the age of thirty.

Question 55

Analyze the role played by women in the French Revolution.What benefits,if any,were achieved?

Question 56

The Continental System was Napoleon's method of

A) declaring economic war on England.
B) applying universal systems of rule through his conquered territories in Germany, Austria, and Poland.
C) the extension of the Napoleonic law code throughout the empire.
D) the end of religious discrimination throughout all his territories.
E) creating satellite kingdoms by placing his brothers and sisters on thrones throughout the continent.

Question 57

What is the best explanation offered for the extremes encountered in the Reign of Terror?

Question 58

Napoleon's massive armies were obtained by

A) volunteers to the revolutionary ideal.
B) playing on nationalist fervor within France.
C) conscription.
D) paying professional mercenaries.
E) impressment of foreign prisoners of war.

Question 59

To organize his conquered territory,Napoleon used

A) sister republics.
B) satellite kingdoms.
C) allied vassal states called duchies.
D) an extended network of prefects.
E) appointments by proxy.

Question 60

What were the principal points dividing the Mountain and the Girondins in the radical phase of the Revolution?

Question 61

How did the French Revolution represent a "revolution from below" in terms of the participation of the lower levels of society?

Question 62

Toussaint L'Ouverture was the first former slave elected as governor of Saint-Domingue.

Question 63

The attempt to take Russia in 1812 cost Napoleon 85% of his troops.

Question 64

Explore the reasons and effects for the policies regarding the Catholic Church during the French Revolution.

Question 65

French society under Napoleon was dominated by the notables.

Question 66

The first French Constitution was issued in 1791.

Question 67

The Vendée was a bastion of support for the Revolutionary government outside of Paris.

Question 68

King Louis XVIII was coronated at Rheims in 1831.

Question 69

The Reign of Terror meant the government controlled the economy and eliminated counter-revolutionaries.

Question 70

During the French Revolution,the Notre Dame Cathedral was transformed into government offices as part of de-Christianization.

Question 71

The Continental System implemented by Napoleon was the attempt to initiate industrialization along the British model.

Question 72

Thomas Paine wrote in vigorous support of the French Revolution.