Deck 27: Democracy Under Siege,1929-1945

Question 1

In the Spanish Civil War,Francisco Franco represented what faction?

A) Republicans
B) Fascists
C) Monarchists
D) Nationalists
E) Social Democrats

Answer 1

Nationalists

Question 2

Hitler's concept of Lebensraum argued what?

A) Aryans were being persecuted in Russia.
B) The German economy had tanked because of Jewish financial conspiracies.
C) Non-Aryans should be removed from society via eugenics.
D) The German nation needed more room to prosper, so should conquer to the east.
E) Italian fascism was the best model for German economic recovery.

Answer 2

The German nation needed more room to prosper, so should conquer to the east.

Question 3

What was the primary reason for Hitler's seizure of power as a dictator in Germany?

A) His election to chancellor in 1933
B) The death of President von Hindenburg
C) Passage of the Enabling Act
D) Passage of the Nuremburg Laws
E) A National Socialist majority in parliament

Answer 3

Passage of the Enabling Act

Question 4

Who were the "kulaks" in Soviet Russia?

A) Intellectuals who were purged from the Communist Party.
B) Technical specialists who were suspected of espionage.
C) Women's cadres who collected grain from the agricultural collectives.
D) Peasants who were accused of being wealthy hoarders following NEP.
E) Convicts who were forced into labor gangs.

Question 5

The most important person promoting diplomacy in the USSR was

A) Leon Trotsky.
B) Maxim Litvinov.
C) Sergei Kirov.
D) Nikolai Bukharin.
E) Grigorii Zinoviev.

Question 6

Stalinism in the 1930s generated what effect?

A) A decline in industry
B) A rebound in agricultural productivity
C) Widespread paranoia as citizens were dispersed into forced labor camps
D) International admiration for Stalin's leadership and management techniques
E) Proof of the viability of a communist state

Question 7

What was the chief accomplishment of the National Unity Government in Britain?

A) Taking Britain off the gold standard
B) Imposing protective tariffs to promote the British economy
C) Holding onto the principles of democracy
D) Achieving a balanced budget
E) Reversing deflationary practices

Question 8

What was the most significant cost of agricultural collectivization?

A) Widespread rebellion
B) General famine
C) Failure to meet the grain quotas
D) Ouster of the Centralists within the Politburo
E) All of these.

Question 9

In Spain and Austria in the early 1930s,both governments replaced democratically elected leaders with what alternative?

A) Socialist leaders.
B) Conservative Catholic regimes.
C) Dictatorship of the Proletariat.
D) Fascist leaders.
E) Monarchist leaders.

Question 10

The totalitarian party in power in Italy was based in which political practice?

A) Fascism
B) Socialism
C) Communism
D) Republicanism
E) None of these

Question 11

The Nazi Party found adherents in which group?

A) The middle classes
B) World War I veterans
C) Students
D) Those hurt most by the depression
E) All of these.

Question 12

What was the unemployment rate in Germany in 1932?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 25%
D) 33%
E) 40%

Question 13

In order to rapidly industrialize the USSR,Stalin initiated

A) the end of NEP.
B) a program of war communism.
C) the five-year plans.
D) the Great Patriotic War.
E) lebensraum.

Question 14

All of the following are true statements about collectivized agriculture except

A) millions of peasants in Ukraine died in conjunction with a famine.
B) peasants resisted collectivization because it undermined their identity.
C) livestock populations decreased by 40 to 50 percent.
D) peasants became wage-laborers who had only small plots of land and few animals for personal use.
E) it proved quite successful in generating increased agricultural output.

Question 15

What happened to the Soviet economy during the Great Depression?

A) It was severely damaged because the United States recalled all foreign loans.
B) There was an ongoing crisis after the end of NEP.
C) There was no effect on Russia because it was not part of the Dawes Plan.
D) Russia struggled to create a balanced economy.
E) War communism was extended from 1918 to 1939.

Question 16

The five-year plans emphasized what major area of production?

A) agriculture
B) heavy industry
C) consumer goods
D) light industry
E) military supplies

Question 17

Resistance to Stalinization was found mostly among which population in Russia?

A) Urban factory workers
B) Conscripted labor forces
C) Labor unions
D) Workers' Soviets
E) Peasants

Question 18

Which of the following countries maintained a democratic process after the depression?

A) Britain
B) France
C) Belgium
D) Scandinavia
E) All of these

Question 19

The guiding principle of the five-year plans was based on what?

A) Socialism
B) Gradual transition to communism
C) Command economy
D) Nationalization of industry
E) State-controlled labor forces

Question 20

The Labour Party prime minister in England who failed to protect workers' interests during the depression was

A) Neville Chamberlain.
B) John Maynard Keynes.
C) Ramsay MacDonald.
D) James Keir Hardie.
E) Winston Churchill.

Question 21

Where was the strike which drew the United States into World War II initiated?

A) Leningrad.
B) London.
C) Pearl Harbor
D) San Diego.
E) Stalingrad.

Question 22

What was Operation Barbarossa?

A) The attempt to convince Japan to attack China
B) The plan to lay siege to Britain in the autumn of 1940
C) The Axis support of Finland to distract Soviet troops from attacking along the Eastern Front
D) Hitler's plan to take over Russia
E) The Allied assault on the Axis in coming up from North Africa through the soft underbelly of central Europe

Question 23

The projection of Stalin's image as a great leader was appropriated by using what method?

A) the cult of personality.
B) Josef Goebbels' Propaganda Ministry.
C) Cadre of Devotion to Father Stalin.
D) comintern.
E) deification.

Question 24

What was one of the most surprising diplomatic partnerships of the 1930s?

A) The Molotov-Ribbentrop Agreement.
B) The Munich-Rome Axis.
C) the Tokyo Accords.
D) The Sykes-Picot Agreement.
E) Lend-Lease Program.

Question 25

What did the Nuremberg Laws try to do?

A) Require Jews to wear a yellow star to be identified in public.
B) Prevent Jews from leaving Germany with valuables.
C) Restrict Jews from interaction with the Christian population.
D) Make it illegal to be Jewish in Germany.
E) Require Jews to leave Germany within three years.

Question 26

What was the strategy behind the German tactic of Blitzkrieg?

A) Raining down massive artillery shelling on Britain.
B) Directing bombing raids by the Luftwaffe.
C) Rapidly mobilizing tanks and troops to overwhelm opponents.
D) Defying a neutrality pact with Stalin and invade Poland without notice.
E) Creating a single front war on the east after neutralizing France.

Question 27

Hitler's policies on racial purity put which race at the highest point of supremacy?

A) Aryans
B) Slavs
C) Jews
D) Gypsies
E) Caucasians

Question 28

Who was not considered undesirable under Hitler's racial profiling?

A) Jews
B) Slavs
C) Communists
D) Gypsies
E) Catholics

Question 29

One of the most successful Nazi propaganda pieces,Triumph of the Will,was produced by

A) Josef Goebbels.
B) Heinrich Reinhardt.
C) Leni Riefenstahl.
D) Sergei Eisenstein.
E) Orson Welles.

Question 30

What was the Night of Long Knives?

A) Hitler's assassination of the president to seize complete control of Germany
B) Widespread destruction of Jewish businesses
C) The elimination of the Communist Party within Germany
D) Hitler's purge of his political opposition and his stormtrooper leaders
E) The first campaign to seize the Sudetenland

Question 31

Eugenicist theories in Germany focused on what aspect of eliminating the undesirable elements?

A) Intermarriage of suitable members of the population
B) Sterilization of inferior members of the population
C) Euthanasia
D) Denial of social services to the genetically inferior
E) All of these.

Question 32

All of the following provided popular resistance to Hitler's ideas except

A) Thomas Mann.
B) Charlie Chaplin.
C) Léon Blum.
D) Cardinal Pacelli.
E) Dietrich Bonhoeffer.

Question 33

Over the 1930s,Germany rebuilt what economic industry?

A) Military
B) Heavy industry
C) Communications
D) Agriculture
E) Chemical

Question 34

The Munich Conference in 1938 allowed Hitler to take control of which area?

A) Hungary
B) Austria
C) Czech territory
D) Poland
E) Alsace-Lorraine

Question 35

What was Léon Blum able to accomplish in French politics?

A) He overturned the politics of appeasement proposed by Chamberlain.
B) He reached a détente with Comintern.
C) He formed a Popular Front coalition between Socialism, Communist, and Radical parties to work cooperatively against Nazism.
D) He established an alliance of the scientific community to raise conscious awareness against warfare.
E) He brought together radical anarchosyndicalists with conservative Republicans to object to the Spanish Civil War.

Question 36

What was the Luftwaffe?

A) The German program of eugenics
B) The new air force
C) A program of managed economy that reduced unemployment to less than 1 percent
D) The attack policy to expand the Reich to the East
E) The secret police

Question 37

Which was the first concentration camp to deal with the undesirables in the German population?

A) Auschwitz.
B) Dachau.
C) Thieresenstad.
D) Bergen.
E) Treblinka.

Question 38

What was Hitler's secret police force known as?

A) Einsatzgruppen
B) NKVD
C) Blackshirts
D) Gestapo
E) Brigando

Question 39

What was the intention of the Berlin-Rome Axis?

A) To create a cooperative economic union to rebuild their respective militaries.
B) To consolidate forces to support the Falangistas in the Spanish Civil War.
C) To unify and combat Communism.
D) To mutually support expansionist goals.
E) To impose fascism across Europe.

Question 40

The Vichy government,which collaborated with Germany both politically and in the Holocaust,was in

A) Norway.
B) Belgium.
C) France.
D) Austria.
E) Romania.

Question 41

What was Hitler's two-stage approach to conquering Europe,and where did he fail most significantly?

Question 42

What was the purpose of the conferences attended by Churchill,Stalin,and Roosevelt? What was accomplished?

Question 43

The debut of an organized solution for extermination of the Jews was at the

A) Yalta Conference.
B) Teheran Conference.
C) Wannsee Convention.
D) Geneva Accords.
E) Warsaw Pact.

Question 44

How did political responses vary to the Great Depression in Europe?

Question 45

How did the Nazi Party in the 1930s begin to uncover its plans for Jewish extermination?

Question 46

The French resistance movement was led by

A) François Mitterand.
B) Charles de Gaulle.
C) Henri Pétain.
D) Maurice Deschamps.
E) Paul Reynaud.

Question 47

Collaboration under Nazi direction was established in all of the following countries except

A) Vichy France.
B) Slovakia.
C) Finland.
D) Poland.
E) Croatia.

Question 48

The greatest defeat to Germany was at the battle in

A) Kalininigrad.
B) Leningrad.
C) Moscow.
D) Kursk.
E) Novosibirsk.

Question 49

Why did the genocide occur in Europe?

A) New technology made it possible
B) Forced collaboration
C) Resistance came with a heavy price
D) Failure of those in power to condemn or actively deter these actions
E) All of these

Question 50

In comparison to World War I,what made World War II truly global in context?

Question 51

What were the causes of the Great Depression,according to Keynes,and what did he suggest as the necessary recovery plan?

Question 52

Why did the policy of appeasement fail?

Question 53

The American effort to create an atomic bomb that could end the war was called what?

A) Operation Firestrike
B) The Manhattan Project
C) Operation Overlord
D) D-Day
E) The Enola Gay

Question 54

The campaign to liberate France was termed

A) Operation Overlord.
B) Operation Barbarossa.
C) Operation Normandy.
D) Battle of the Marne.
E) Battle of the Boats.

Question 55

Einsatzgruppen were

A) the secret police force who arrested, tortured, and executed political opposition to Hitler.
B) mobile killing squads charged with eliminating undesirables.
C) a series of camps in Poland designed for efficient disposal of Jews.
D) plans to relocate the entire population of undesirables into newly conquered Russian lands.
E) generals in charge of concentration camps with quotas to implement the Final Solution.

Question 56

Why did Stalin initiate and sustain the Great Purges in the 1930s and what effects did they have?

Question 57

Churchill,Stalin,and Roosevelt met during the war to discuss postwar goals.The most important of these was the conference at

A) Teheran.
B) Yalta.
C) Crete.
D) Kiev.
E) Beirut.

Question 58

Explain how Stalin's control of the economy through the five-year plans and collectivization affected the Soviet Union.

Question 59

Explain the rise to power of Hitler and the Nazi Party.

Question 60

Women's participation in the war (on both sides)was found in all of the following areas except

A) munitions manufacturing.
B) ground support in the military.
C) nursing.
D) bus drivers.
E) bomber pilots.

Question 61

Lodz,Poland had the largest Jewish population of any European city.

Question 62

The French Popular Front was led by Charles de Gaulle.

Question 63

Within the first five years of being in power,the Nazi party eliminated unemployment in Germany.

Question 64

Jewish resistance under the Holocaust developed slowly in part due to the diversity of the Jewish population.

Question 65

The focus of the first five-year plan was collectivized agriculture.

Question 66

The first victims in the Great Purges were the leaders of the NKVD.

Question 67

Hitler broke the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact first.

Question 68

How did Churchill utilize American resources to buttress British involvement against Germany during World War II?

Question 69

Collaborationist governments assisting Nazis were established in Slovakia and Croatia.

Question 70

Francisco Franco fought for the pro-democracy forces in the Spanish Civil War.

Question 71

The Manhattan Project sought to launch a massive Allied assault on the beaches of Normandy.