Deck 28: Europe Divided,1945-1968

Question 1

The Cold War was caused by all of the following factors except

A) the Lend-Lease program.
B) U.S. support of western Germany
C) financial recovery options through the Marshall Plan.
D) American backing of Israel in the middle East.
E) the Soviet Union's development of atomic weapons.

Answer 1

the Lend-Lease program.

Question 2

What was remarkable about the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

A) It established a code of allowable war tactics when UN intervention had failed.
B) It provided an internationally binding code of civil rights.
C) It allowed citizens to hold their governments accountable for human rights violations.
D) It established a court for the trials of Nazi war criminals.
E) It set fundamental guidelines for treatment of prisoners of war.

Answer 2

It allowed citizens to hold their governments accountable for human rights violations.

Question 3

What was the primary cause of the arms race during the Cold War?

A) Fear of mutually assured destruction.
B) Neither country had sufficient intelligence information to judge the other's capacity for destruction, and the stockpiles escalated.
C) Demonstration of scientific superiority.
D) Stimulation of a military industrial economy.
E) None of these.

Answer 3

Neither country had sufficient intelligence information to judge the other's capacity for destruction, and the stockpiles escalated.

Question 4

Displaced Jews found a new home in

A) Israel.
B) Syria.
C) Persia.
D) Yugoslavia.
E) Cyprus.

Question 5

What was the response of the United States to USSR's blockade of Berlin?

A) The U.S. built a wall and posted guards to contain communism to East Germany.
B) The U.S. established military outposts with nuclear weapons in Western Europe.
C) The U.S. imposed economic sanctions on the Soviet Union.
D) The U.S. airlifted supplies into Berlin.
E) The U.S. lodged a formal grievance with the United Nations.

Question 6

In response to criticism from the West about the dismantling of German industries despite the humanitarian needs of the German population,the USSR implemented a blockade of

A) Budapest.
B)
C) Berlin.
D) Prague.
E) Istanbul.

Question 7

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization operated under the principle of

A) outlawing the escalating arms race.
B) allowing citizens to hold their country accountable for crimes against humanity.
C) collective security and mutual defense.
D) enforcing compliance with the decrees of the United Nations.
E) creating an orderly process of decolonization.

Question 8

As a result of the Marshall Plan,by 1960,the leader of the western European economy was

A) Britain.
B) France.
C) West Germany.
D) Italy.
E) Austria.

Question 9

According to the percentages agreement between Churchill and Stalin,the two countries that were to be divided into a fifty-fifty arrangement were

A) Austria and Hungary.
B) Poland and Czechoslovakia.
C) Yugoslavia and Hungary.
D) Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.
E) Poland and Hungary.

Question 10

Under the terms of the Potsdam Conference in 1945

A) Poland and Czechoslovakia could eject all Germans from their country.
B) Nazi leaders were put on trial for war crimes.
C) The terms of reparation were set on Germany.
D) Germany was divided into the Western and Eastern German Republics.
E) Roosevelt offered economic relief to democratized European states for rebuilding.

Question 11

What did Stalin want in the wake of World War II?

A) A buffer zone across eastern Europe
B) Reparations from Germany overseen by Soviet troops
C) Division of occupied territories into spheres of influence
D) To rebuild the Soviet economy before all others because the Soviets had lost the most in the war
E) Allied acknowledgment of the superiority of communism

Question 12

The nation that carried out its own communist revolution in 1949 was

A) Cuba.
B) Afghanistan.
C) Pakistan.
D) China.
E) North Korea.

Question 13

Which of the following was not a permanent member of the UN Security Council?

A) The United States
B) The USSR
C) China
D) Britain
E) Sweden

Question 14

What were the Nuremburg Trials?

A) Laws restricting Jews in Germany that prohibited intermarriage
B) The establishment of a provisional government for Germany centered in Nuremburg
C) De-Nazification war crime tribunals
D) The lawsuit brought against the leaders of collaboration governments
E) A repatriation of remaining German Jews into the city of Nuremburg in an act of reparation

Question 15

The comprehensive peace treaty to end World War II was the

A) Helsinki Accords.
B) Geneva Convention.
C) percentages agreement.
D) Marshall Plan.
E) None of these.

Question 16

What was the Marshall Plan?

A) An alliance of western nations within the United Nations.
B) An American diplomatic theory to prevent the spread of Communism.
C) A defensive system across the Iron Curtain to prevent Soviet incursions.
D) An economic recovery plan for post-war Europe.
E) A diplomatic means of dividing East Germany into four zones of influence.

Question 17

What was the goal of the United States in the reconstruction period of World War II?

A) To establish democratic and capitalist markets in newly liberated regions.
B) To prevent the rise of dictatorships like those of Hitler and Mussolini.
C) To ensure a stable economy to avoid another Great Depression.
D) To rebuild economic markets for American industrial products.
E) All of these.

Question 18

Who was the Zionist leader instrumental in founding the state of Israel amidst Palestine?

A) Moshe Diane
B) Golda Meir.
C) David Ben-Gurion
D) Amos Oz
E) Benjamin Disraeli.

Question 19

What was the intention of the Truman Doctrine?

A) To establish postwar economic recovery in Europe
B) To offer Western support to countries fighting communism
C) To speed reindustrialization of Germany
D) To require decolonization of European holdings
E) To formally divide Europe into spheres of influence

Question 20

How was the United Nations different than the previous League of Nations?

A) All nations were invited to participate.
B) It had a permanent Security Council.
C) There was a large budget and independent financial resources.
D) It had a developed humanitarian campaign.
E) All of these.

Question 21

Under the leadership of Clement Attlee,the Labour Party in postwar England imparted all of the following changes except

A) nationalized medicine.
B) nationalized transportation.
C) nationalized the Bank of England.
D) reorganized the Church of England.
E) established government-funded pensions for all working citizens.

Question 22

The program of de-Stalinization was initiated by

A) Georgii Malenkov.
B) Lavrenti Beria.
C) Nikita Khrushchev.
D) Andrei Zhdanov.
E) Alexander Solzhenitsyn.

Question 23

All of the following were the economic advantages offered by the European Coal and Steel Community except

A) lifting of trade tariffs between members.
B) an open border policy allowing workers to find employment in member communities.
C) cross-investment in each other's heavy industries.
D) openings for multinational corporations.
E) creating a trans-national trade union with universal applications.

Question 24

The arms race portion of the cold war was intensified when

A) the USSR sold nuclear technology to China.
B) the United States began to install missiles in Turkey.
C) the Soviet Union launched the first satellite into space.
D) Yuri Gagarin made the first manned space flight.
E) the United States devoted more than 40 percent of its annual income to maintaining military superiority.

Question 25

The president of the Fifth Republic was

A) Konrad Adenauer.
B) Janos Kadar.
C) Charles de Gaulle.
D) Josef Tito.
E) Ana Pakaur.

Question 26

The term "third world" was used to refer to whom?

A) Countries that lacked any industrialization.
B) Countries that had not reached a sufficient stage of economic development to be either communist or capitalist.
C) Countries that were decolonized after World War II.
D) Countries that did not ally with either the Western or Eastern bloc politics.
E) None of these.

Question 27

The first superpower confrontation over decolonized territory was in

A) Cuba.
B) North Korea.
C) China.
D) Vietnam.
E) India.

Question 28

What event made western leaders think Khrushchev could lead to a thaw in the Cold War?

A) Deliverance of the Secret Speech denouncing Stalin.
B) Opening the doors of immigration to the West.
C) Support of Janos Kadar in 1956.
D) Allowing Pepsi to be made and sold in the USSR.
E) Consideration of pro-capitalist reforms in Poland.

Question 29

Who was the main architect of peaceful reconciliation between France and Germany?

A) Charles de Gaulle
B) Robert Schuman
C) Walter Rathenau
D) John Kenneth Galbraith
E) Clement Attlee

Question 30

The problem of liberalization within the Soviet Union under Khrushchev's policy of openness was put to the test by

A) Imre Nagy.
B) Janos Kadar.
C) Edvard .
D) Alexander .
E) Vladislav Gomulko.

Question 31

Tito openly defied Stalin by

A) refusing to enforce communism in Yugoslavia.
B) maintaining a close, independent relationship with Bulgaria.
C) maintaining a free-market economy among industries.
D) declining to join Cominform.
E) emphasizing private agriculture rather than nationalized industry.

Question 32

What was Charles de Gaulle's political affiliation?

A) Socialist.
B) Monarchist.
C) Republican
D) Communist.
E) Totalitarian.

Question 33

Although there were significant advances for women in Britain in the recovery period,real wages still lagged behind men's wages by

A) 15 to 20 percent.
B) 20 to 30 percent.
C) 30 to 50 percent.
D) more than 50 percent.
E) nothing; wages were required to be equal under the Labour Party reforms.

Question 34

All of the following were areas of cooperation among the EEC members except

A) administrative.
B) legislative.
C) executive.
D) judicial.
E) economic.

Question 35

Why did Edvar d resign as president of Czechoslovakia in 1948?

A) He objected to the Czech exclusion from the United Nations.
B) His proposal of the Warsaw Pact was rejected.
C) He sought capitalist reforms in Czechoslovakia.
D) He refused to sign a constitution that outlawed all but the Communist Party.
E) He refused to recognize the separation of the Czech Republic from Slovenia.

Question 36

Why was Ana Pauker called "the most powerful woman alive" by Time magazine?

A) She was the leader of the French resistance.
B) She was the first woman elected as president in the Western world.
C) She was the head of the Romanian Communist Party.
D) She was the first secretary-general of the United Nations.
E) She was the leader of the first Zionist community in Israel.

Question 37

Which was the only country in Eastern Europe in which the communist victory was due to internal forces as opposed to force from Moscow?

A) Yugoslavia
B) Hungary
C) Romania
D) Bulgaria
E) Poland

Question 38

What was the name of the organization responsible for overseeing relations with Communist parties abroad and the new governments within the communist block?

A) Comintern.
B) Komsomol.
C) KGB
D) Politburo
E) Cominform

Question 39

What became a common feature of Soviet policies in the Eastern bloc?

A) Denunciation of suspected capitalist sympathizers.
B) Expulsion from the Communist Party for being pro-Titoist.
C) Persecution of the intelligentsia who challenged the prevailing economic theories.
D) Denunciation for those arguing for "alternative paths" to socialism.
E) Persecution of Jews within the party and embodiment of anti-Semitism.

Question 40

Tito's formation of the Non-Aligned Movement focused on

A) supplying military aid to communists independent of Moscow.
B) engaging in trade arrangements with newly decolonized territories.
C) producing a hybridized private and centralized economy.
D) not providing a national infrastructure of a planned economy.
E) none of these.

Question 41

Almost half the presidents of the UN General Assembly have come from which faction?

A) Communist bloc
B) Third World.
C) NATO states.
D) Africa.
E) Non-Aligned bloc.

Question 42

Trace the influences and effects of the economic recovery programs in postwar Europe.

Question 43

Analyze the economic and social recovery programs instituted under Clement Attlee's Labour Party.

Question 44

The new pop culture which best expressed the mood of the youth and counterculture was

A) New Wave Cinema.
B) existentialist writings.
C) pop fashion of the "Mods."
D) rock music.
E) beat poetry.

Question 45

Decolonization was led by which European power?

A) Britain
B) France
C) Italy
D) Germany
E) Yugoslavia

Question 46

Conflicts between the East and West were most dangerous during

A) the Cuban Missile Crisis.
B) the failure of Charles de Gaulle to participate in the UN.
C) the construction of the Berlin Wall.
D) the proxy wars of containment.
E) none of these.

Question 47

Under the terms of Home Rule,England withdrew from India and it was divided between the new states of

A) India and Tibet.
B) Pakistan and India.
C) Pakistan and Tibet.
D) Punjab and Pakistan.
E) Hindustan and Punjab.

Question 48

What was not accomplished at the Second Vatican Council?

A) Allowed the church to use local languages instead of Latin
B) Gave reformist bishops more autonomy
C) Allowed greater participation in social activism
D) Pope John XXIII's apology for the papacy's actions during the Holocaust.
E) A refining of practice while still adhering to the church's primary mission

Question 49

The costliest conflict for France involved

A) Vietnam.
B) Algeria.
C) Morocco.
D) Indochina.
E) Bessarabia.

Question 50

The shift in post-war influence after the creation of Israel led to which country providing the primary military support?

A) Britain
B) USSR
C) France
D) U.S.
E) None of these.

Question 51

The point where France met resistance in Asian decolonization was in

A) Korea.
B) Vietnam.
C) Bangladesh.
D) Cambodia.
E) Laos.

Question 52

What are the origins of the cold war?

Question 53

What was the primary reason for France's refusal to relinquish Algeria?

A) Racial divide
B) Algeria's majority Muslim population
C) Oil deposits made it too valuable
D) Humiliation at their defeat at Dem Bien Phu
E) The demand came from the United Nations, which De Gaulle rejected

Question 54

What is the best term to describe the postwar Western economic model?

A) Consumerist
B) Conservative
C) Communist
D) Creationist
E) None of these

Question 55

The Prague Spring of 1968 was

A) organized by French students protesting the crowded conditions of their classrooms.
B) organized by American students protesting the Vietnam War.
C) a series of reforms in Czechoslovakia.
D) a protest against the Soviet occupation of Hungary.
E) a protest against the proliferation of nuclear weapons.

Question 56

How did the balance of power formerly embraced by western Europe turn into the balance between the superpowers of the Eastern and Western bloc nations?

Question 57

What was the primary problem the English faced in decolonizing their African territories?

A) They argued that the indigenous population did not have an intellectual and economic elite.
B) White settlers from Europe held the majority of land and political power.
C) Kenyan resistance by the Mau Mau initiated a five-year war.
D) White settlers refused to leave their homes and were sometimes violent.
E) All of these

Question 58

Gamal Abdel Nasser oversaw what decolonization confrontation?

A) He formed the Palestine Liberation Organization.
B) He was the first president of Iran.
C) He nationalized the Suez Canal on behalf of Egypt.
D) He was a Berber leader in Algeria.
E) He formed OPEC.

Question 59

What was the significance of NATO and the Warsaw Pact?

Question 60

One of the primary means of conformity that was persecuted in Eastern Europe was on the basis of

A) educational levels.
B) ownership of property.
C) religion.
D) race.
E) nationality.

Question 61

How did Soviet economic control change in the post-war years?

Question 62

Soviet economic control eschewed the command economy in Russia to demand specialized production in the satellite nations.

Question 63

With the rise of the Labour Party after World War II,England became a Socialist economy.

Question 64

Did Krushchev's policy of de-Stalinization open the possibility of ending the cold war?

Question 65

How did decolonization affect the balance of power in the world during the cold war?

Question 66

How did the western world's emphasis on containment fuel "proxy wars" in conflict with Communist nations like the USSR and China?

Question 67

The Postwar generation had significantly less access to college education than their parents' generation.

Question 68

The United States risked conflict with the Soviet Union to support the Hungarian Uprising.

Question 69

Nothing parallel to the consumer culture of the west developed in Eastern Europe.

Question 70

How were the state-controlled economies in eastern Europe held from growth compared to the West?

Question 71

The Warsaw Pact was created to be the eastern version of NATO.

Question 72

The most dangerous confrontation of the Soviets and Americans was at the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Question 73

The development of Arab nationalism slowed with the creation of Israel.

Question 74

Alexande r attempted to create "Socialism with a Human Face" in Czechoslovakia.

Question 75

How did the Marshall Plan correlate to the extension of the Truman Doctrine as a reflection of Cold War diplomacy?

Question 76

Stalin was an enthusiastic supporter of Tito's hybridized communism in Yugoslavia.