Deck 29: Lifting the Iron Curtain,1969-1991

Question 1

The second oil crisis spurred by the Iranian Revolution encouraged what action?

A) Military occupation of the Middle East
B) Withdrawal from discussion in the Common Market about creating a common monetary unit.
C) Economic isolation of Iran by Westernized countries
D) Multinational investment in Venezuelan oil extraction
E) Further development of hydroelectric and solar energy options

Answer 1

Withdrawal from discussion in the Common Market about creating a common monetary unit.

Question 2

What was the left wing terrorist organization that invoked radical action in Italy?

A) Christian Democrats
B) Black Shirts
C) Carbonari
D) Red Brigade
E) Ordino Nuov

Answer 2

Red Brigade

Question 3

What was one of the most important points underscored by the energy crisis?

A) Economic processes were becoming increasingly globalized.
B) Industrialized nations needed to look to third world countries for energy alternatives.
C) The need for Green Party inclusion in policy making decisions.
D) Americans decided to increase domestic oil production.
E) Third world countries with oil could suddenly become economically and politically powerful.

Answer 3

Economic processes were becoming increasingly globalized.

Question 4

Thatcher's appeal to British imperialism was best demonstrated in

A) the Falklands War.
B) England's fight for unity in Ireland and Scotland.
C) her support of striking coal miners.
D) an open emigration policy for all former British imperial territories.
E) her support of apartheid in South Africa.

Question 5

The use of terrorism in Ireland against the British presence was demonstrated by the

A) Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association.
B) Unionists.
C) Irish Republican Army.
D) Euskara Separatist Brigade.
E) Ulster League.

Question 6

The Helsinki Final Act of 1975 was

A) committed to ensuring the human rights of all the signatories' citizens.
B) an international agreement to ban above-ground nuclear testing.
C) the negotiated end of the Vietnam War.
D) the creation of the European Union.
E) the recognition of the final terms of Berlin's occupation at the end of World War II.

Question 7

Which nation was not welcomed into the Common Market in the 1980s?

A) Spain
B) Greece
C) Britain.
D) Portugal.
E) All nations were welcome.

Question 8

As part of Cold War suspicions,what was the American interpretation of the USSR invasion of Afghanistan?

A) Saw it as an attempt to expand Communist influence into central Asia.
B) Viewed American policies as weak in not declaring war.
C) Moved American missiles in western Europe to Defcon 1.
D) Read it as a challenge to the balance of power in the Persian Gulf.
E) Saw a massive conspiracy between Islamic fundamentalists allying with hardline communists.

Question 9

Significant opposition to nuclear power was demonstrated after the malfunction of which power plant?

A) San Onofre
B) Chernobyl
C) Fukushima
D) Greenham Common
E) None of these.

Question 10

Which of the following was one of Margaret Thatcher's less popular fiscal policies?

A) Maintaining an embargo against China
B) Curtailing social welfare programs
C) Increasing military expenditures despite rising unemployment
D) Centralizing government control of industries in Britain.
E) Withdrawal from the EEC.

Question 11

What was the purpose of the Yom Kippur War of 1973?

A) Palestinian rebels took arms against the Israeli settlements on the West bank.
B) Arab sympathizers in Syria began an assault on Israeli occupied territory.
C) An alliance of Arab nations renewed warfare against Israel as a protest of American
Involvement in Iran.
D) Egypt attacked Israel to regain territory it lost in a war in 1967.
E) None of these.

Question 12

As a means of economic retaliation,the Arab oil embargo protested

A) the consolidation of the European Economic Committee into the European Union.
B) American withdrawal from Vietnam.
C) Western support of a monarchy in Iran.
D) Western support of Israel in the Yom Kippur War.
E) the United States oil contracts with South China.

Question 13

The Antiballistic Missile Treaty was intended to

A) check the growth of nuclear weapons.
B) restrict the ownership of nuclear weapons to members of the UN Security Council.
C) outlaw certain types of nuclear weapons.
D) promote disarmament of each side.
E) do all of these.

Question 14

The policy that Nixon engineered as a major shift in international politics was called

A) détente.
B) Ostpolitik.
C) rapprochement.
D) isolation.
E) bilateral accords.

Question 15

The first socialist head of government in France since Léon Blum was

A) Charles de Gaulle.
B) François Mitterand.
C) Jacques Chirac.
D) George Pompidou.
E) Nicholas Sarkozy.

Question 16

What was the breaking point of détente under Willy Brandt?

A) His repression of immigration from across the eastern border.
B) His involvement in a series of espionage scandals that made the west look inattentive to Soviet spy campaigns.
C) The economic downturn of the 1970s.
D) The west German population objected to the military installments of foreign nations in their country.
E) The assassination of Israeli Olympic athletes in Munich gave the impression of lack of vigilance.

Question 17

The significant change in Soviet policies in 1979 was demonstrated by what action?

A) Repression of Polish workers' activism
B) Repudiation of Chinese Communism
C) Diplomatic recognition of North Korea
D) Funding of Latin American rebel insurgencies
E) Invasion of Afghanistan

Question 18

One of the groups that rose through grassroots politics to influence the environment was the

A) Green Party.
B) Red Brigade.
C) Black Panthers.
D) Rainbow Coalition.
E) Blue Riders.

Question 19

The German chancellor who sought normalization of relations between East and West Germany was

A) Helmut Kohl.
B) Helmut Schmidt.
C) Konrad Adenauer.
D) Willy Brandt.
E) Angela Merckel.

Question 20

What was Ostpolitik?

A) The policy that forced East Germany to remain culturally isolated from West Germany.
B) A means of reconciling West Germany's policies with the Communist East German government.
C) The perpetuation of the arms race between East and West.
D) A cultural program that elevated Eastern Germany sports, academics, and arts above the West.
E) The law that students in East Germany could temporarily study "abroad" in Western European nations.

Question 21

Who was the feminist leader of the Green Party in West Germany?

A) Andrea Hacker
B) Nina Schmidt
C) Augusta Heimhoffer
D) Petra Kelly
E) Claudia Behren

Question 22

Havel's best-known act of opposition was

A) standing in front of the tanks during the Prague Spring.
B) going into exile in the United States.
C) self-immolation.
D) coauthoring Charter 77.
E) leading a hunger strike in Wencelas Square.

Question 23

Glasnost was Gorbachev's call for openness in

A) expressing political dissatisfaction.
B) international diplomacy.
C) disclosure of nuclear arms.
D) discussing forbidden cultural literature.
E) creating a market economy.

Question 24

Postmodernism was

A) embraced by some intellectuals struggling to reconcile polar opposites in society.
B) rejected as a semantic argument.
C) struggling to overcome a linguistic bias that presupposed understanding.
D) dismissed as being flawed in logic.
E) none of these.

Question 25

The signs that communism was weakening in the 1980s included

A) inflation and underproduction.
B) brutal repression of anticommunist protests in the satellite states.
C) aid to the underground from those in official state positions.
D) strikes among unhappy trade unions over the cost of living.
E) all of these.

Question 26

Lec h was notable for

A) coauthoring Charter 77 with Václav Havel.
B) organizing strikes in the shipyards.
C) being a Soviet dissident who was under house arrest until 1989.
D) being murdered by the Cheka for political activities.
E) initiating a program known as glasnost.

Question 27

Gorbachev's biggest problem in initiating economic reforms was

A) getting the Communist Party to agree to a consumer market.
B) getting the factory managers and workers to follow the central dictates of the party.
C) rapidly rising inflation at the same time that savings were devalued.
D) union protests for fixed wage increases the government could not afford.
E) creating a streamlined method of production to eliminate inefficiency.

Question 28

One of the most important voices of Soviet dissidents was of which Russian scientist?

A) Yuri Gagarin.
B) Alexander Solzhenitsyn.
C) Mikhail Bulgakov.
D) Andrei Sakharov.
E) Vladimir Jaroslavl.

Question 29

One of the most important political tracts in lobbying for women's reproductive rights was

A) The Second Sex.
B) The Feminine Mystique.
C) The Manifesto of the 343.
D) "The Nation of the Sisterhood."
E) Our Bodies, Ourselves.

Question 30

In response to the demographic decline in the 1970s and 1980s,Europe tried to regain laborers through

A) extensive training programs for the unemployed.
B) offering opportunities for work but not citizenship to guest workers.
C) extending the age of retirement to seventy-five.
D) decreasing taxes to attract more émigrés.
E) active recruitment at universities in Third World nations.

Question 31

One of the results of the sexual revolution was

A) looser morals.
B) the advent of the AIDS epidemic.
C) earlier sexual activity and more partners.
D) less availability of contraception.
E) later age at marriage.

Question 32

Renewed interest in feminist politics in the 1970s was seen in

A) Simone de Beauvoir's study The Second Sex.
B) women's participation in left-wing politics.
C) greater concern over reproductive rights.
D) the embrace of the concept "the personal is political."
E) all of these.

Question 33

In response to plummeting birthrates in eastern Europe,some communist leaders

A) became concerned that women were not fit to work in factories.
B) recriminalized abortion to promote pro-natalism.
C) encouraged procreation as a part of patriotism.
D) tried to bring more women into factory production to boost the economy.
E) had to make provisions for child care to balance motherhood and worker productivity.

Question 34

The effect of popular culture helped to transmit greater acceptance of

A) homosexuality.
B) sexual freedom.
C) religious alternatives.
D) consumer lifestyles.
E) all of these.

Question 35

The most important thinker of the postmodernist movement was

A) Michel Foucault.
B) Hayden White.
C) Jacques Derrida.
D) Jean Paul Sartre.
E) Albert Camus.

Question 36

The point raised by postmodernists was that

A) truth and knowledge were subjective and depended on context.
B) modernity could be measured by progress.
C) only through the evolution of ideas could political change occur.
D) western civilization could not be the only civilization that mattered.
E) existence was futile.

Question 37

A significant transition in communist economies was demonstrated with what?

A) Agreement to the Strategic Arms Limitations reductions negotiated by Kissinger.
B) Discarding the command economy model.
C) Shifting to production of consumer goods.
D) Lifting Soviet embargos with China.
E) Perestroika.

Question 38

Which of the following were key features of the sexual revolution in the late twentieth century?

A) Increased openness about homosexuality
B) Increased availability of birth control allowing women freedom of choice in sexual relations
C) Decreased birthrates throughout Europe
D) Its portrayal in pop culture
E) All of these

Question 39

The exception to religious decline was found as an expression of political unity in which countries?

A) Poland and Romania
B) Russia and Serbia
C) Greece and Serbia
D) Poland and Ireland
E) Ireland and Greece

Question 40

The last western European country to decriminalize abortion was

A) France.
B) Italy.
C) Belgium.
D) Spain.
E) Austria.

Question 41

The Commonwealth of Independent States was

A) an organization of the remnants of territories that did not secede from the Soviet Union.
B) an anti-Soviet faction led by Ukraine.
C) the name of the newly independent Baltic countries of Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania.
D) a coalition of former Soviet republics
E) an agency that was the forerunner to the European Union.

Question 42

What were the problems faced by the Eastern bloc nations in continuing communism in the 1970s and 1980s?

Question 43

One of the pivotal means for East Germans to leave communism behind came when

A) armed mobs placed dynamite on the Berlin Wall and guards did not stop them.
B) Hungary opened its borders to Austria for free transit.
C) the Soviet Union eliminated the need for exit visas for dissidents.
D) there was no enforcement of the guest worker program termination.
E) None of these were options for East Germans wishing to leave communism.

Question 44

To what extent were the changes in religion due to the changes in postmodern society?

Question 45

Which eastern European country did not have a peaceful transition of power in 1989?

A) Czechoslovakia
B) East Germany
C) Hungary
D) Romania
E) Bulgaria

Question 46

How did Pope John Paul II influence the decline of communism in Poland?

Question 47

The first democratically elected president in Russia was

A) Mikhail Gorbachev.
B) Boris Yeltsin.
C) Vladimir Putin.
D) Maxim Litvinov.
E) Andrei Sakharov.

Question 48

Which was the first Soviet country that was able to leave the Soviet Union?

A) Lithuani
B) Georgia
C) Ukraine
D) Uzbekistan
E) Moldavia

Question 49

What were the difficulties Gorbachev faced in implementing economic reform?

Question 50

Explain the trend in politics of the 1970s and 1980s in returning to conservativism.

Question 51

Gorbachev's failure to restrict nationalism was seen as a part of

A) glasnost.
B) the reversal of the Brezhnev doctrine.
C) a refusal to submit to disengagement strategies.
D) his inability to repress strikes in Poland.
E) his concession that communism was no longer viable.

Question 52

The new president of the Czech Republic was

A) Václav Havel.
B) Lech .
C) Boris Yeltsin.
D) Janos Kadar.
E) Alexander .

Question 53

How did popular culture affect the presentation of personal style and culture?

Question 54

The primacy of American culture was demonstrated in

A) European devotion to American sitcoms.
B) embracing musicians like Willie Nelson or Madonna.
C) McDonald's opening in Moscow.
D) the popularity of fashion such as jeans.
E) all of these.

Question 55

What ultimately was responsible for the collapse of communism?

Question 56

What changes were brought to both Eastern and Western societies by the sexual revolution?

Question 57

Who replaced Nicola e after the overthrow of communism in Romania?

A) the National Salvation Front
B) The Christian Democrats
C) Janos Kadar
D) Ion Iliescu
E) Bela Karoly

Question 58

What was the difference between glasnost and perestroika as proposed by Gorbachev?

Question 59

What was the meaning of the term "Velvet Revolution"?

Question 60

What was the Velvet Revolution?

A) Solidarity's triumph in Poland
B) The destruction of the Berlin Wall
C) The collapse of communism in Czechoslovakia
D) The cultural acceptance of homosexuality on a more widespread level
E) None of these

Question 61

Italian Communism succeeded in becoming a nationalist movement in the 1970s.

Question 62

Postmodern thought believed that political reform could only be accomplished from within,as those were the only observers who truly understood it.

Question 63

Women gained a significant foothold on the election to European and national offices in the period between 1970─1990.

Question 64

The traditional leftist party politics remained strong in the 1980s.

Question 65

How did the question of self-identification become problematic under the guest worker program in Europe?

Question 66

Solidarity was established in Poland to negotiate better working conditions and wages for laborers.

Question 67

The Velvet Revolution brought down the communist Czechoslovakian government.

Question 68

How did terrorist organizations utilize public dissatisfaction with European politics to advance their more radical politics on both the right and left sides?

Question 69

Gorbachev's policy of glasnost meant a restructuring of Soviet economics to be more successful.

Question 70

The Brezhnev Doctrine focused on suppressing any dissent against Communism in the Eastern bloc.

Question 71

The guest worker program encouraged immigration from former European colonies in Africa,Asia,and the West Indies.

Question 72

Nicola e maintained successful economic growth in Romania after declaring independence from the west and the east.