Deck 17: Marine Resources

Question 1

What is considered to be the world's most important marine product?

A) Algin
B) Fish
C) Seaweed for consumption
D) Bycatch

Answer 1

A
Algin is made from the mucous on seaweed. It is used in an unimaginable amount of products ranging anywhere from cosmetics to ice cream. Information can be found in the section Biological Resources.

Question 2

Which United States location contributes to most of the exploitable sand?

A) Texas
B) Alaska
C) Oregon
D) Florida

Answer 2

B
The coasts of Alaska, California, Washington, and region from Virginia to Maine produce the most amount of exploitable sand in the United States. These deposits are near-shore, widespread and, more importantly, easily accessible. Information can be found in the section Physical Resources.

Question 3

What is the main species of whale targeted by the Japanese and Norwegian whalers?

A) Humpback whales
B) Fin whales
C) Sei whales
D) Minke whales

Answer 3

D
The Minke whale is the smallest and most abundant whale species. This may not last for long, however, because both of these countries have plans to increase the number of these whales caught for "scientific purposes". Information can be found in the section Biological Resources.

Question 4

What marine resource has been rendered uneconomical due to the cost of excavation?

A) Magnesium compounds
B) Manganese nodules
C) Sand and gravel
D) Salt

Question 5

Geologists use ____ to view sediment layers, depth, and possible reservoir structures.

A) core pistons
B) satellites
C) drilling
D) sound

Question 6

How is freshwater obtained as a marine resource?

A) Potability
B) Evaporation
C) Desalination
D) Reverse osmosis

Question 7

What is the fastest-growing energy alternative to oil?

A) Wave power
B) Current power
C) Tide power
D) Wind power

Question 8

What is the second most valuable marine resource?

A) Gravel
B) Oil
C) Gas
D) Salt

Question 9

How much of the world's table salt is produced by the evaporation of seawater?

A) One quarter
B) One third
C) One half
D) Three-quarters

Question 10

Why does oil seep to the surface from its source rock?

A) Capillary actions
B) Convection
C) Oil is less dense than surrounding sediments
D) Porosity is higher at the surface

Question 11

What tools do fishermen now employ to locate schools of fish?

A) Scouting vessels
B) Satellite sensors
C) Ariel photography
D) All of these choices

Question 12

In theory, what are free-market economies based upon?

A) The supply of products
B) The consumption of products
C) Pure competition
D) Government policies

Question 13

What allocates resources?

A) The economic system of supply and demand
B) The amount of easily accessible resources
C) The impact of mining operations on an ecosystem
D) The government of the United States

Question 14

What is the petroleum found in marine sediments likely to have been formed from?

A) Bacteria
B) Fossilized fish
C) Whale falls
D) Marine algae

Question 15

What legislative policy or governing body reduced the number of dolphin deaths associated with tuna fishing?

A) The creation of the International Whaling Commission
B) The creation of National Marine Fisheries Service
C) The passing of the Marine Mammal Protection Act in the United States
D) The creation of a United Nations commission

Question 16

How much of the world's crude oil is found on the seafloor?

A) 25%
B) 35%
C) 45%
D) 55%

Question 17

What is the fastest-growing mariculture production?

A) Salmon
B) Cod
C) Shrimp
D) Oyster

Question 18

What did the United States Exclusive Economic Zone exclude from the original 1982 United Nations Treaty?

A) The claim of territorial waters
B) The protection of the ocean
C) The sharing of high seas resources
D) The prevention of pollution

Question 19

When did the harvesting of commercial whale species cease?

A) When the International Whaling Commission formed
B) When there were substitutes for the products produced from whales
C) When the hunting of whales became uneconomical
D) CITES- Convention on the International Trade of Endangered Species

Question 20

Why is the extraction of wind so effective over or near the ocean?

A) There are large gusts of wind.
B) The wind tends to be steady in these areas.
C) Windmills can be easily constructed on platforms.
D) There is more stress on the gears to generate more energy.

Question 21

What is not true of territorial waters?

A) They extend 18.2 kilometers from the shore.
B) A nation has the jurisdiction over territorial waters.
C) Territorial waters include straits that might be used for international navigation.
D) Territorial waters include exclusive economic zones.

Question 22

In our actual economic market, prices reflect all the costs of goods and services that are harmful to the environment.

Question 23

The single largest sand mining operation is in Alaska.

Question 24

What kind of resource is waste disposal?

A) Physical resource
B) Marine energy resource
C) Biological resource
D) Nonextractive resource

Question 25

Bottom trawling is devastating because there is habitat destruction in addition to any bycatch.

Question 26

What was first created in an effort to claim the continental shelf as belonging to the nation it was attached to?

A) The Marine Mammal Protection Act
B) The Law of the Sea
C) The International Whaling Commission
D) The National Marine Fisheries Service

Question 27

Deep sediment layers have a lower proportion of natural gas and oil than the shallower layers.

Question 28

Who is responsible for the consumption of approximately a quarter of the global oil supply?

A) China
B) United States
C) India
D) United Kingdom

Question 29

How much of the fish stocks are considered to be overfished?

A) 30%
B) 50%
C) 65%
D) 80%

Question 30

What type of net has been particularly disruptive in the mistargeting of species?

A) Trawl nets
B) Drift nets
C) Purse seines
D) Gill nets

Question 31

What is the largest known reservoir of hydrocarbons on Earth?

A) Oil
B) Methane hydrate
C) Coal
D) Natural gas

Question 32

Public attention focused on unconventional energy sources in the 1970s because of advancements in technology.

Question 33

There are less than 500 species of fish, crustacean, and mollusks that are regularly harvested from the ocean.

Question 34

Why is methane hydrate not harvested for energy use?

A) It is costly to mine and liquefy the sediments.
B) It is dangerous to mine due to methane's combustibility.
C) The methane disappears as it is brought to the surface.
D) All of these choices.

Question 35

Most of the marine oil deposits are tapped from offshore platforms.

Question 36

Many harvested marine animals are sustainable because they are being caught below the maximum sustainable yield.

Question 37

What is bycatch?

A) Organisms unintentionally killed during the harvesting of a different, desirable species
B) The number of organisms caught in a trawl
C) The number of organisms that can be harvested without impairing future generations
D) The targeted organisms for a harvest

Question 38

When a resource is present in a fixed amount, it is said to be:

A) a nonextractive resource.
B) a nonrenewable resource.
C) a physical resource.
D) a renewable resource.

Question 39

Small turbines have been placed in the Gulf Stream to harness this major ocean current.

Question 40

Aquaculture produces very little of the amount, perhaps ten percent, of fish consumed by humans.

Question 41

What are the three most valuable marine resources? How are they excavated from the ocean? Are these resources renewable or nonrenewable?

Question 42

Eight of the 11 species of large, hunted whales are considered to be commercially extinct.

Question 43

Most of the exploitable oil fields are not easily accessible anymore.

Question 44

What is involved in mariculture production of species? Are mariculture productions only for producing the species as food? If not, what other reasons are there for mariculture?

Question 45

Ships are responsible for transporting almost all the world's crude oil production.

Question 46

What are the conditions set forth in the 1982 Draft Convection of the Law of the Sea? How did this differ from the United States Exclusive Economic Zone?

Question 47

Despite the ocean's vast size, it is unlikely that is will be able to provide enough food to alleviate malnutrition and starvation in the world.

Question 48

How have the harvesting methods of fish evolved over recent years? Why has the cost of fishing increased?

Question 49

One of the major factors in the acceleration of the exploitation of Earth's resources was the increase in economic activity per person.

Question 50

How is petroleum formed in the ocean? How is it found and extracted when it is deep in the ocean?