Deck 13: The Arts

Question 1

What is the main factor that determines the form taken by imaginative play?

A) chance
B) culture
C) physical environment
D) unhappiness

Answer 1

culture

Question 2

In which types of societies is the myth of matriarchy found?

A) those in which females are dominant
B) those in which males are dominant but females have considerable autonomy
C) those in which females are dominant but men have considerable autonomy
D) those in which patrilocal residence is the rule

Answer 2

those in which males are dominant but females have considerable autonomy

Question 3

Whether useful or not,what does all art express?

A) the creative imagination and the symbolic representation of form
B) a fundamental human capacity for religious expression
C) the innate need to be impractical
D) economic domination of minorities by elites

Answer 3

the creative imagination and the symbolic representation of form

Question 4

Some history books have referred to Louis Riel as a treacherous rebel rather than a freedom fighter for his people.Which statement best characterizes the perspective of these books?

A) They are telling European Canadians what they want to hear.
B) They are telling history with colour and drama,as it should be told.
C) They are only providing an accurate account of Riel's actions.
D) They have chosen not to glorify traitors.

Question 5

Which of the following terms was developed in the 19th century to refer to traditional oral stories and sayings of European peasants?

A) magic
B) superstition
C) folklore
D) verbal arts

Question 6

Which term do anthropologists use to refer to verbal narratives that are secular,nonhistorical,and intended mainly to entertain?

A) folklore
B) myths
C) tales
D) legends

Question 7

According to the text,which form of verbal arts has received the most study and attention?

A) poetry
B) incantations
C) narrative
D) proverbs

Question 8

Which artistic "rule" was illustrated by the Canadian video "We're Talking Vulva"?

A) Sexuality has no place in art.
B) What one audience considers to be art may be considered offensive by another.
C) The message of a piece of art is universal.
D) References to genitalia have no place in art.

Question 9

What do Johann Sebastian Bach and a Navajo sand painting artist have in common?

A) Bach was male,and all Navajo sand painters are male.
B) Their work was/is meant to be discarded rather than saved for posterity.
C) They were/are likely to be poor.
D) Their work was/is too complex to be appreciated by ordinary people.

Question 10

"All cultures include activities that provide aesthetic pleasure." What conclusion does this statement suggest?

A) Humans may have an innate or acquired need to produce art.
B) Some people in all cultures require the stimulation of imaginative play to prevent boredom.
C) All societies except the most primitive include art in their culture.
D) Art is a necessary activity that children must be taught to make.

Question 11

How is fine art distinguished from folk art?

A) Fine art is more finely made than folk art.
B) Folk art is not done by real artists.
C) Folk art is cheaply made and more likely to fall apart than fine art.
D) Fine art is more expensive than folk art.

Question 12

In Western culture,how do we generally regard art?

A) as something frivolous,fun,incidental,for our personal pleasure and enjoyment
B) as something symbolically profound,serious and central to our group identities
C) as something that symbolizes the religious and historical essence of a people
D) as something that represents reality in such a way that everyone can agree on

Question 13

Anthropologists prefer the term "verbal arts" to the term "folklore." Why?

A) "Folklore" is a term of more use to linguists.
B) "Verbal arts" makes more sense to sophisticated people.
C) "Folklore" refers only to fairy tales.
D) "Folklore" is condescending and implies lack of sophistication.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of pop art?

A) It is produced by ordinary people.
B) It is easy to acquire.
C) It is relatively inexpensive.
D) It has little intrinsic value.

Question 15

Which of the following would NOT be included in an anthropologist's study of art?

A) obtaining the life history or background of the artist who created the work
B) identifying the meaning or symbolism the art has for the artist and the audience
C) ranking the work of different artists according to the anthropologist's personal tastes
D) understanding the representation of social structure by the artist

Question 16

What was meant by the term "folklore," as used by Europeans?

A) the unwritten stories,beliefs,and customs of European peasantry
B) the mythology of the European working class
C) verbally recited stories based on ageless themes
D) the lyrics for folk music

Question 17

According to the Abenaki creation myth,Tabaldak first created the Abenakis from stone,and then from living wood.What light does this story shed on the function of myths?

A) Myths tell actual history;the Abenakis believe that they were originally made of wood.
B) Myths provide knowledge of woodworking and stonemasonry to the Abenakis.
C) Myths provide entertainment;the Abenakis like to tell this story to gullible anthropologists.
D) Myths express a culture's worldview;the Abenakis see themselves as belonging to the world of living things rather than to the world of stone.

Question 18

Legends often exemplify a people's view of the world and humanity's place in it.Which of the following most resembles legends in this regard?

A) poetry
B) religious rituals
C) myths
D) kinship systems

Question 19

What is the term for pseudo-historical narratives that account for the deeds of heroes,the movements of peoples,and the establishment of local customs?

A) myths
B) legends
C) tales
D) dramas

Question 20

Which of the following is the "common parlance" definition of myth?

A) a scientific explanation for the origin of the universe (the "Big Bang")
B) a widely believed falsehood ("Ministers' sons are wicked.")
C) a narrative providing a rationale for religious beliefs and practices (the "Virgin Birth")
D) an explanatory description of an orderly universe (the "Copernican Theory")

Question 21

With variations in detail,tales such as "numbskull" stories have the same basic structure.What is the term for this?

A) format
B) thread
C) motif
D) syntax

Question 22

The earliest multinote,playable musical instrument is 8,000 to 9,000 years old and was found in China.Which family of instruments does it belong to?

A) harmonica
B) flute
C) harp
D) zither

Question 23

According to psychological and neo-Freudian theorists,where does the pressure to become a man originate?

A) in the need to defend oneself against castration anxieties
B) in the need to develop aggression in order to hunt successfully
C) in the need to become greater than the father
D) in the need to create a separate identity from the mother

Question 24

Among the Maasai,how are boys who flinch or cry during ritual circumcision regarded?

A) They bring shame to their lineage.
B) They must hunt an antelope to prove themselves.
C) They are branded unworthy of their tribe.
D) They are classified as women.

Question 25

Which of the following is true of the Truk fishers?

A) They risk their lives at sea to prove their manhood.
B) They are known for their rhythmic sea shanties.
C) They compose extensive oral narratives of their adventures.
D) They are legendary figures who may have lived hundreds of years ago.

Question 26

Ukrainian dancers;Jewish klezmer bands;Celtic fiddlers:What function do these three types of music perform?

A) They remind people of past tragedies.
B) They give otherwise unknown performers high visibility.
C) They affirm and celebrate people's ethnic identity.
D) They unite Canada into a single culture.

Question 27

Most Western music recognizes 12 different melodic tones.How many melodic tones do Arabic and East Indian scales recognize?

A) 5
B) 12
C) 24
D) 32

Question 28

What do the "little songs" of the Bedouin shield individuals from?

A) being laughed at by their family
B) religious scrutiny on ceremonial occasions
C) boasting in public
D) the consequences of expressing ideas and feelings that go against the moral system.

Question 29

Which of the following groups used graffiti as an expression of empowerment?

A) the Mafia in 19th-century New York City
B) Irish immigrants in 19th-century New York City
C) members of the hip-hop subculture
D) members of the punk subculture

Question 30

How do feminists and Marxists regard manhood?

A) as an illusion
B) as a mechanism for procreating
C) as a mechanism for oppressing females
D) as a biological accident

Question 31

What is the main subject of the paintings of Canadian artist Paul Kane?

A) life in western Canada
B) life in northern Canada
C) life around Hudson Bay
D) life along the St.Lawrence River

Question 32

In a narrative found in many cultures,a peasant father and his son,while travelling with their beast of burden,meet a number of people who criticize them.What is the motif in this narrative?

A) the desire of the son to do better than his father
B) the history of exploitation of the peasantry
C) the father and son trying to please everyone
D) the economic background of the narrative,in this case,feudalism

Question 33

Which artist was NOT a member of the Group of Seven?

A) Lawren Harris
B) Tom Thompson
C) A.Y.Jackson
D) Arthur Lismer

Question 34

Which term best applies to African music with multiple rhythmic patterns played simultaneously?

A) pentatonic
B) irregular
C) repetitious
D) polyrhythmic

Question 35

Which of the following options best characterizes the visual art of First Nations artists on Canada's northwest coast?

A) impressionistic natural realism
B) geometric linear representations of mythological beings
C) abstract and highly stylized animal transformations drawn from nature
D) polychromatic designs on wooden forms

Question 36

Which country is the ancient source of many motifs in African and European folktales?

A) China
B) India
C) Scandinavia
D) Russia

Question 37

How does the text refer to the popular novel,Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone?

A) as an urban legend
B) as a narrative myth
C) as a test of masculinity
D) as "Cinderella" for males

Question 38

A poor,beautiful girl,downtrodden by her stepmother,receives supernatural aid to win the hand of a noble prince.Which basic element do all such stories share?

A) motif
B) synergy
C) narrative pivot
D) structure

Question 39

Which statement about the field of ethnomusicology is true?

A) It focuses on the nonverbal components of music.
B) It is the study of music in its cultural setting.
C) It began in the 1920s with the collecting of folk songs.
D) It led to the discovery of musical scales.

Question 40

Which term refers to the study of music in its cultural setting?

A) dramatics
B) narrativity
C) ethnomusicology
D) folklore

Question 41

What do labrets symbolize?

A) a shaman's rainmaking ability
B) a woman's fertility
C) status and manhood
D) a woman's fertility and maturity

Question 42

What must a museum do in addition to displaying artifacts?

A) provide some interpretation
B) provide current valuations
C) provide auction services
D) provide funding for archaeology

Question 43

What is the most common location for piercing one's body?

A) the ear cartilage
B) the earlobe
C) the nipple
D) the nose

Question 44

What is often encoded in the paintings of the Woodland tradition of Native art?

A) The terms of the agreements and treaties made with the British Crown.
B) The trap lines and fishing locations of particular clans.
C) Magical healing themes,kinship principles and clan emblems.
D) Cultural teachings,values and history.

Question 45

Why is some of the best Aboriginal rock art in Canada in danger?

A) Nearby blasting for mining has fractured the rock it is on.
B) A recent forest fire caused smoke and fire damage to the rock face it is on.
C) People have covered it with their own graffiti art and spray paint.
D) Rising water levels have washed it away.

Question 46

The Dynamic Anthropology article,"Picturing Anthropology," discusses visual anthropology.What is one of the major problems with the use of photography across cultural boundaries?

A) Photos may be misinterpreted and convey ethnocentrism or cultural bias,just as with written sources.
B) Photos may convey an informal and less academic impression than written sources.
C) Photos may be seen as attempts to steal the subject's spirit and create hostility.
D) Photos are too easily modified or doctored to be accurate representations of people.

Question 47

Among Nuba males,what do the different colours painted on their bodies represent?

A) the number of antelope they have hunted
B) different age grades
C) their superiority or inferiority
D) the number of children they have

Question 48

How do most visitors regard museums' attempts to recreate the past?

A) Attempts to recreate the past are generally seen as futile failures.
B) Attempts to recreate the past are considered an unethical form of cultural appropriation.
C) Attempts to recreate the past are very popular and are often highly interactive.
D) Attempts to recreate the past are entertaining but not very educational.

Question 49

What was one of the favourite subjects of Canadian artist Emily Carr?

A) portraits of other artists
B) the shoreline of Lake Superior
C) totem poles in British Columbia
D) portraits of common people

Question 50

What is one of the purposes of body art,according to the text?

A) to achieve social status
B) to set oneself apart from the community
C) to serve as a symbolic language
D) to call attention to an act of rebellion

Question 51

The long-standing stigma against tattoos among Christians has an historical origin.What is the source of the anti-tattoo attitude that originated among early Christians?

A) Jesus forbade his disciples from tattooing their skin weeks before the crucifixion.
B) Pope Innocent VIII declared that anyone with tattoos was in league with Satan.
C) When Constantine declared Christianity the official Roman religion in 325 A.D. ,he banned tattooing.
D) Because tattoos were used by pagan cults,Christians shunned them as a sign of heresy.

Question 52

Which statement about tattoos among the Maori of New Zealand is true?

A) They were done only on men.
B) They signified that a man had been circumcised.
C) They took the form of facial swirls symbolizing cultural pride.
D) They symbolized a person's rank as a religious leader.

Question 53

According to the author,what does art do for Aboriginal peoples?

A) It encapsulates all of their cultural experience.
B) It portrays their struggle against colonialism.
C) It explains their reverence of nature.
D) It symbolizes their creation stories.

Question 54

Which First Nations culture produced the first significant carvings in the Arctic region?

A) Dorset
B) Tlingit
C) Haida
D) Cree

Question 55

What example of art that conveys practical information to its viewers does the author give?

A) rock art on rivers depicting canoe manufacturing
B) rock art on rivers depicting ancient migrations,teachings,or ceremonies
C) art on pottery depicting the manufacture and firing of pottery
D) art on pottery containing images that convey traditional recipes

Question 56

How are the first museums characterized in the Anthropologist's World article on museums and anthropology?

A) as antiquarian collections
B) as curiosity cabinets
C) as cultural collections
D) as archaeological displays

Question 57

Which of the following is one of the Canadian Aboriginal methods for creating a tattoo?

A) injecting oil beneath the skin
B) puncturing the skin with a stone point
C) puncturing the skin with bone or antler splinters dipped in berry juice
D) cutting the skin to create scars

Question 58

In the most general terms,what is the purpose of piercing,tattooing,and other body modifications?

A) to enjoy the pain of inflicting these practices on themselves
B) to cover their bodies in lieu of clothing
C) to emulate the look of animals
D) to express cultural meanings to distinguish them from others

Question 59

The Original Study article,"A Perspective on Aboriginal Art," provides a number of interesting perspectives on Canadian First Nations art.
How do modern,progressive museums engage their visitors?

A) They provide copies of all the artifacts for people to handle.
B) They provide each visitor with a personal guide.
C) They provide food and beverages in the display area.
D) They provide interactive experiences using both indoor and outdoor spaces.

Question 60

Aside from the decorative appeal of tattoos,what other practical reason might someone have for getting a tattoo?

A) to prevent insect bites
B) for medicinal purposes
C) to increase muscle strength
D) as a form of love magic

Question 61

Archaeologists have found musical instruments from China dated to 100,000 years ago.

Question 62

The word "myth," as used by anthropologists,means something that is widely believed to be true but probably isn't.

Question 63

The cantatas of Johann Sebastian Bach were considered "throwaway" music by the composer and were often thrown away after being performed at church services.

Question 64

In literate societies,the function of legends has been taken over by history to some extent.

Question 65

According to your text,only professional artists can be considered to be making art.

Question 66

Many anthropologists have traced the origin of tales found in the southeast United States to West Africa.

Question 67

Repetition of phrases in music,such as the refrain "He's got the whole world in is hands," implies lack of invention and has no social function.

Question 68

Fiscal conservatives in Canada promote government funding for the arts because they recognize that artistic expression promotes cultural identity and a sense of pride in our heritage.

Question 69

The Canadian Group of Seven were predominantly painters of Canadian scenery.

Question 70

What is the first example of visual arts found in Canada?

A) the bark scrolls of the Ojibwa dating from 5,000 years ago
B) decorated Iroquois pottery dating from 3,000 years ago
C) petroglyph rock art dating from 7,000 years ago
D) Inuit decorated harpoons from 9,000 years ago

Question 71

What do anthropologists hope to gain from the study of art?

A) an understanding of the social conditions of its production,its underlying structure,and the rules that govern the production and consumption of art
B) an understanding of the psychological processes that underlie the creation of art in cultures with varying levels of artistic sophistication
C) an understanding of the evolution of art from early human times to modern urban humans
D) an understanding of how music,graphics,sculpture,etc. ,relate to political and religious structures

Question 72

The historical account of Louis Riel as a treasonous rebel is a legend rather than an accurate account of his actions.

Question 73

From the study of people's myths,an anthropologist can learn how the people define and think about their world.

Question 74

Anthropologists have never found a society in which women dominate men.

Question 75

Poetry is not found among the Bedouin because they consider it un-Islamic.

Question 76

What is the most accurate metaphor for the role of the human body in artistic expression?

A) The human body is disrespected when used as an art object.
B) The human body is like a canvas to be decorated and manipulated according to cultural preference.
C) The human body becomes a spiritual vessel of artistic expression.
D) The human body is like a canvas that must be modified according to individual tastes.

Question 77

According to your text,artistic behaviour is as basic to human expression as speech.

Question 78

Most anthropologists prefer the term "folklore" to "verbal arts" or "oral traditions."

Question 79

Foragers such as the Kalahari Ju/'hoansi do not have instruments on which to play music.

Question 80

In most cultures,art is primarily aesthetic and non-useful.