Deck 14: Anthropology at Work

Question 1

Dr.Clyde Snow distinguished himself through his work with the Argentine government.What did he do in Argentina?

A) He helped eliminate poverty in the slums by helping to redesign social welfare policy.
B) He helped to identify the remains of 9,000 "disappeared ones" eliminated during the previous military rule.
C) He helped the police solve a string of serial murders committed in Buenos Aries over a 10-year period.
D) He helped recover and preserve several frozen mummies from an archaeological site.

Answer 1

He helped to identify the remains of 9,000 "disappeared ones" eliminated during the previous military rule.

Question 2

How did graduate students of anthropology from across the country help to solve the notorious Pickton farm murder case in British Columbia?

A) They developed facial recognition software to compare photographs with skeletal remains.
B) They excavated and sifted tons of dirt to look for traces of human remains and clues.
C) They helped develop criminal profiles to identify characteristics of the killer.
D) They excavated the machinery used to dispose of bodies.

Answer 2

They excavated the machinery used to dispose of bodies.

Question 3

What did most applied anthropologists who supported the war effort do in the postwar peacetime era?

A) They continued on as government and military advisors helping to re-establish and rebuild European societies.
B) They returned to their academic pursuits throughout the 1950s and 1960s.
C) They joined security intelligence services of many Western nations to help ensure that war didn't happen again.
D) They put their efforts into fighting communism as part of the Cold War effort of the 1950s.

Answer 3

They returned to their academic pursuits throughout the 1950s and 1960s.

Question 4

Which of the following best defines forensic anthropology?

A) the analysis of human skeletal remains for legal purposes
B) the analysis of human remains for legal purposes
C) the analysis of human remains to determine the cause and time of death
D) the analysis of skeletal remains to determine age,gender,and time of death

Question 5

Which area of applied anthropology is most useful in police work?

A) handwriting analysis
B) historical archaeology
C) forensic anthropology
D) biological anthropology

Question 6

How do the publications of applied anthropologists differ from those of academics?

A) They do not contribute theoretical insight of academic value.
B) They are considered biased because they are funded by a particular client.
C) They are published in internal reports rather than in books and journal articles.
D) They are published as public documents without copyrights.

Question 7

How did applied anthropology damage the reputation of anthropologists in North America in the 19th century?

A) Anthropologists were often used to manage settlements of Afro-American slaves on plantations.
B) Anthropologists helped the northern states win the American Civil War.
C) Anthropologists directed George Custer to the camps of the Sioux.
D) Anthropologists assisted in making treaties that resulted in the loss of land for many Aboriginal peoples.

Question 8

Anthropologists were recruited by governments into the efforts to win the Second World War.What were some of their duties in this capacity?

A) interrogating prisoners of war
B) designing better ways of training troops
C) analyzing the officer command structures of armies
D) predicting enemy behaviour,and translating language and culture

Question 9

Why did early European anthropologists have a bad reputation among the peoples of many European colonies?

A) Applied anthropologists were attached to the militaries and foreign offices of colonial powers.
B) European anthropologists were the original bureaucrats in early welfare states that administered the colonies.
C) As white Europeans,anthropologists were held responsible for the actions of all Europeans.
D) European anthropologists' agricultural development projects resulted in widespread starvation in the colonies.

Question 10

What did early applied anthropologists of the 1930s study that contributed significantly to applied research?

A) the economic circumstances that led to the Great Depression
B) the shift from rural to urban population
C) the social analysis of poverty and government aid policies
D) the development of the public school system

Question 11

Canadian anthropologist Diamond Jenness strenuously opposed some government Aboriginal policies.Which of the following policies did he oppose?

A) the residential school system
B) the conversion of Native people to Christianity
C) the reservation system
D) the relocation of several Inuit bands

Question 12

George Mercer Dawson was a 19th-century Canadian anthropologist who worked as part of a team surveying Canada's West Coast.What organization did Dawson belong to?

A) Canadian Ethnological Society
B) British Columbia Resource Department
C) Geological Survey of Canada
D) Department of Indian Affairs

Question 13

Despite having good intentions,when Henry Schoolcraft was asked to report on the state of American Indians,his advice to the government was biased by his cultural assumptions.What was the culturally destructive policy that he proposed?

A) He advised that sterilization programs be implemented to reduce Native populations.
B) He advocated government schools,Christian schools,and imposing a shift to agriculture.
C) He advocated that all Aboriginals be relocated to camps in urban areas.
D) He advised that a policy of crossbreeding be implemented to help civilize Natives.

Question 14

What is the term for an archaeologist who controls a site,records the position of all relevant objects,and recovers clues associated with human remains?

A) investigative archaeologist
B) legal archaeologist
C) environmental archaeologist
D) forensic archaeologist

Question 15

What knowledge did anthropologists like Margaret Mead and Clyde Kluckholm have an understanding of that contributed to the war effort?

A) culturally grounded behaviour patterns
B) secret codes based on foreign-language structures
C) Hitler's racist plans to exterminate the Jews
D) how the Americans could gain the assistance of Pacific Islanders against the Japanese

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of the use of forensic anthropology to solve an archaeological mystery?

A) Owen Beattie's study of Iroquoian mass burials in southern Ontario
B) Owen Beattie's study of the cause of death of Egyptian mummies in Cairo
C) Owen Beattie's study of the victims of the Franklin expedition to the Northwest Passage
D) Owen Beattie's study of an 18th-century British fort burial ground

Question 17

Which of the following options best defines the meaning of applied anthropology?

A) using knowledge of culture,behaviour,social relations,and social structures to address practical concerns
B) using knowledge of culture,behaviour,social relations,and social structures to form business opportunities and corporate structures
C) anthropology that seeks research designed to promote modernization in non-Western societies
D) anthropology that seeks research opportunities that will help clarify theoretical issues by experimentally applying them to real cultural problems

Question 18

Which of the following options best characterizes the relationship between academic and applied anthropology?

A) It would be unethical for an applied anthropologist to also maintain an academic position.
B) Applied anthropologists are often also academics,as the two are often complementary and compatible.
C) Applied research is academically useless because it belongs to the anthropologist's client and not to the anthropologist.
D) Academic anthropologists are excluded from applied work because they may not conduct research or accept money from nongovernment third parties.

Question 19

What was the purpose of the postwar Hawthorn-Tremblay Report on Aboriginal peoples?

A) to compile a databank of information on Canada's Aboriginal population for policy review
B) to examine the residential school system and see if it was accomplishing its goals
C) to review the treaties to see what mineral rights Aboriginal people still held in Canada
D) to see if agriculture and employment policies were eliminating poverty on reservations

Question 20

What two areas became popular in Canadian applied anthropology in the 1970s?

A) medical anthropology and psychological anthropology
B) Aboriginal research and immigration studies
C) studies of the mining and energy sectors
D) studies of North American free trade and globalization

Question 21

Applied anthropologists who study human populations around proposed developments have particular responsibilities.What should they be most concerned about regarding such human populations?

A) that any population is carefully relocated and fully compensated for any damages
B) that their anthropological services do not result in industry harming the population or environment
C) that communities get jobs and benefit economically from development
D) that people do not hold them responsible for researching inevitable development

Question 22

What lesson can we learn about the use of biology to explain human behaviour from the Gender Perspectives article "Sex,Gender,and Human Violence"?

A) that men are inherently more violent than women
B) that we must be careful not to project cultural belief onto nature
C) that male violence only exists in some cultures
D) that females actually socialize male children to be violent

Question 23

How are the traditional teachings of Aboriginal peoples taught today and and how were they taught in the past?

A) Today they are taught in classrooms,in the past it was through homeschooling.
B) Today they are taught in the family,in the past it was through community ritual.
C) Today they are taught by the band government,in the past it was while hunting and gathering.
D) They are now,and have always been,taught through stories,traditions,ceremonies,medicines,dances,and other forms of sharing.

Question 24

Why would First Nations want to incorporate traditional teachings into a modern business?

A) to act as guidelines that embody Native values,protect their people and the environment while making a profit
B) to act as guidelines that protect Native business from outside competition,lawyers,and government bureaucrats
C) to act as guidelines for putting spiritual needs ahead of the bottom line and profits
D) to act as guidelines for ensuring that job creation is not sacrificed to corporate profits

Question 25

After the fight for justice for residents of the Love Canal,the story became a prototype for other communities.How did this affect applied anthropologists in Canada?

A) They published,debated,and studied environmental health issues more rigorously.
B) They passed a resolution to not become involved with corporate issues because of legal difficulties.
C) They worked with industry to devise new cleanup methods.
D) They were prevented from publishing covertly gathered information on environmental damage.

Question 26

Which famous case of toxic pollution in North America was researched by York University medical anthropologist Harriet Rosenberg?

A) the Sydney tar ponds
B) the Exxon Valdez oil spill
C) the Three Mile Island nuclear accident
D) the Love Canal dumpsite

Question 27

What simple amendment did the Association of American Anthropologists add to their Code of Ethics in response to the militarization of anthropology?

A) No anthropologist who has worked for the military could hold a university position.
B) No reports should be provided to sponsors that are not also available to the general public.
C) Anthropologists must not bear weapons in any research context.
D) No anthropologist working for the military can belong to the Association of American Anthropologists.

Question 28

How might applied anthropologists contribute to the understanding of disability studies?

A) They could help determine whether or not an individual is disabled.
B) They could study the delivery of medical services to cultural minorities with disabilities.
C) They could help design mobility aids for the disabled.
D) They could study the law pertaining to cultural minorities with disabilities.

Question 29

What is one of the most important and serious concerns faced by applied anthropologists using ethnography?

A) questions of research ethics
B) questions of research methodology
C) questions of research funding
D) questions of research timing

Question 30

Why would applied anthropologists be helpful in conducting a detailed study of disability and access in postsecondary institutions?

A) because of the "tribal" nature of students with disabilities
B) because as participant-observers they can experience disability firsthand
C) because they could conduct surveys to ask students and service providers about specific challenges facing the disabled students and analyze these problems
D) because they would not rely on surveys and statistics as other social scientists might

Question 31

The Original Study article by Rodney Nelson,"A Tale of Two First Nations:Traditional Knowledge in Today's Business World," discusses his consulting work.Which of the following statements best characterizes Rodney Nelson's work with First Nations communities?

A) He helps them use traditional knowledge to succeed in land claims negotiations with the government.
B) He helps them use traditional knowledge to improve their health care systems.
C) He helps them incorporate traditional knowledge into viable business projects.
D) He helps them incorporate traditional knowledge into governing their people.

Question 32

Anthropologists working with U.S.troops in Afghanistan apparently proved their worth with the 82nd Airborne Division.Which of the following is evidence of their usefulness?

A) The unit's combat operations were reduced 60 percent after anthropologists and other scientists arrived.
B) The ratio of enemy combatants killed to American troops killed improved from 5 to 1 to 10 to 1.
C) No civilian casualties occurred after the arrival of the anthropologists and other scientists.
D) The Taliban gave up their resistance and began to cooperate with the Americans.

Question 33

Which of the following refers to anthropology that includes marketing,systems analysis,cross-cultural understanding in the business world,advertising,and human resource studies?

A) the anthropology of business
B) globalization studies
C) corporate anthropology
D) organizational anthropology

Question 34

What is another term for salvage archaeology?

A) emergency heritage dig (EHD)
B) cultural collections management (CCM)
C) heritage recovery project (HRP)
D) cultural resource management (CRM)

Question 35

Which of the following best defines medical anthropology?

A) the study of how medical personnel interact with each other in hospitals
B) the study of how medical personnel interact with patients in hospitals
C) the analysis of how cultures and societies are organized around issues of health
D) the analysis of how medical organizations function

Question 36

What is the most significant difference about the gender-specific involvement in wars in the 21st century as compared to wars in the past?

A) Males constitute a greater portion of war victims.
B) Homosexuals now participate in war.
C) Women are now frequently both victims and combatants.
D) Women are not often raped in the course of warfare.

Question 37

Anthropologist Anne Erwin did research within the Canadian military.What did her research focus on?

A) the role of females in combat
B) the role of females in positions of command
C) how soldiers build their identities through sharing stories of battlefield experience with peers
D) how soldiers try to rationalize and minimize their responsibility for killing other humans

Question 38

Which movement linked to applied medical anthropology helps citizens in defending against environmental threats to community health and well-being?

A) environmental justice
B) environmentalism
C) ethno-environmentalism
D) Environment Canada

Question 39

What is one of the secrets of the success of Native business in Canada,according to Rodney Nelson?

A) using the tax advantages of the Indian act to outcompete non-Native business
B) incorporating traditional knowledge into their business practices
C) hiring only people that embody the values of traditional Aboriginal knowledge
D) not worrying about the non-Native market and tapping into the large Aboriginal markets

Question 40

Which term does the American military use for their project that provides anthropologists to work with U.S.Army combat units fighting in Afghanistan?

A) combat ethnography aid
B) social science liaison officers
C) cultural understanding officers
D) human terrain systems

Question 41

Which two Canadian megaprojects first proved the value of anthropologists to policymakers and Aboriginal peoples?

A) the Niagara Dam and the Saskatchewan Pipeline
B) the Sydney Docks and the East Coast Highway
C) the Whistler Olympic Village and Sea to Sky Highway
D) the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline in the James Bay Agreement

Question 42

The Anthropologist's World article,"Sustainable Archaeology:What Is the Future for Our Past?" discusses the problem with storage and research of archaeological artifacts.Why was it necessary to develop better database referencing and storage systems for archaeological artifacts?

A) because academics,applied archaeologists,First Nations,and the public had little access to Ontario's archaeological heritage collections
B) because artifacts were often simply reburied or destroyed if they were not of interest to the excavator
C) because First Nations demanded that Ontario provide better access to their heritage
D) because museums wanted to enhance their collections by centralizing all academic and consulting archaeologists' artifacts on their shelves

Question 43

Which of the following statements best characterizes the way anthropologists might see the future of cultural diversity?

A) Most anthropologists believe all humans will share one world culture in the future.
B) Most anthropologists fear that humans have lost their ability to adapt and survive.
C) Many anthropologists fear cultural homogeneity,while others see cultural diversity as ongoing.
D) Many anthropologists believe the focus on cultural diversity has become irrelevant to the future.

Question 44

What does the author predict for the field of development anthropology?

A) It will shrink as people develop their own capacity.
B) It will remain roughly stable over the next number of years.
C) It will have to become corporatized to survive.
D) It will continue to grow as development projects are increasingly undertaken in the developing world.

Question 45

Why are private consulting firms involved in salvage archaeological excavations?

A) They are interested in obtaining the artifacts for their collections.
B) They are contracted and paid to assess and clear lands intended for highways or other development.
C) University-based archaeologists are only interested in large long-term projects.
D) University-based archaeologists are prohibited by law from undertaking this sort of work.

Question 46

What organizations are most likely to hire an applied anthropologist with a background in cultural ecology to advise them on cultural interactions involving humans,resource use,and land management?

A) the Department of National Defence or Environment Canada
B) the Fraser Institute or the RAND Corporation
C) the Department of Natural Resources or First Nation band councils
D) a provincial or federal political party

Question 47

People like Michael Ames,who advocate museum "deschooling" as part of advocacy anthropology,want to change the nature of museums.What new approach to the museum experience do they offer the public?

A) They present artifacts without any professional interpretation.
B) They offer a more participatory and interactive approach.
C) They advocate abolishing central museums and distributing the artifacts for viewing in schools.
D) They believe artifacts must be returned to the people they came from,where people can see them in their proper cultural context.

Question 48

How did Michael Horowitz's research on a West African hydroelectric dam contribute to maintaining productive agriculture among nearby populations?

A) He demonstrated that the dam could contribute water for irrigation.
B) He stopped the dam project to preserve agricultural lands.
C) He recommended relocating populations to better agricultural land.
D) He recommended controlled-release periodic flooding to replicate pre-dam conditions.

Question 49

What does the author advocate as necessary for the future of anthropological education?

A) It must be geared toward more practical issues such as medicine,health,and applied anthropology.
B) The focus on indigenous peoples must be dropped as they disappear or are modernized.
C) Academic theoretical perspectives must be reinvented to focus on the information age.
D) It must shrink because there are too many programs competing for fewer students.

Question 50

The Dynamic Anthropology article,"Development Anthropology and Dams," explores the impact of dams on people and their environments.How many people did the Three Gorges dam displaced in rural China?

A) 500,000 people
B) 800,000 people
C) 1.4 million people
D) 2.1 million people

Question 51

Which of the following options best defines cultural resource management?

A) managing cultural resources concerned with traditional and historic culture,including archaeology
B) managing the objects in art galleries and museums relating to our culture
C) managing the cultural artifact collections in archaeological labs and universities
D) managing the cultural resources that are part of government,including heritage buildings and furnishings

Question 52

How does the author see the future of anthropology in relation to Aboriginal people in Canada?

A) Anthropologists need to forge closer academic ties with Aboriginal people.
B) More Aboriginal people themselves need to be trained and employed in all fields of anthropology.
C) Anthropologists should occupy jobs in government bureaucracies to administer Aboriginal people.
D) Anthropologists must convince Aboriginal people that they work in their best interest.

Question 53

What aspect of applied anthropology presents the greatest disadvantage to anthropologists who are competing in the academic labour market?

A) They would not be able to teach if they are working on applied projects.
B) Their projects may not be considered ethical by academic standards.
C) Being paid for their work may present a conflict of interest.
D) Their research is owned by their clients and is published in internal reports,not public journals.

Question 54

Which of the following disciplines involves anthropologists who are interested in preserving,displaying,maintaining,and understanding artifacts?

A) museum curation or museology
B) curatorial archaeology
C) ethnological preservation
D) culturology

Question 55

Which of the following best characterizes the situation that applied anthropologists may find themselves in when working with other people on collaborative projects?

A) They often work with other types of applied anthropologists or other experts at the same time.
B) They are often ridiculed as unscientific by people working in the hard sciences.
C) They are often perceived as busybodies or even as spies by others in an organization.
D) Their contributions are often misunderstood because of anthropology's unsavoury past.

Question 56

Why is cultural resource management (CRM)consulting archaeology valuable to developers who excavate lands for buildings and highways?

A) The developers receive the profits from the sales of any artifacts that are discovered on their lands.
B) The federal government compensates the developers for any time spent assessing or excavating artifacts.
C) The developers are allowed to charge the end users a premium on development costs if the preservation of archaeological sites is involved.
D) The developers receive approval for their project and assurance that they are not destroying valuable public heritage assets.

Question 57

The Dynamic Anthropology article,"The Baby Formula Controversy," discusses an aspect of applied anthropology involving corporations in the developing world.Why did Penny Van Esterik campaign to stop the Nestlé Corporation from promoting baby formula to poor mothers in the developing world?

A) because the formula was primarily expired product cast off from pharmacies
B) because formula required that mothers had money and access to clean water to be safe for babies
C) because formula is not compatible with babies from lactose-intolerant populations
D) because formula and bottle-feeding disrupted the mother-infant bond

Question 58

Why would an applied cultural anthropologist be asked to work along with other specialists on a megaproject such as the construction of a new highway?

A) because they would be interested in studying the methods of the workers
B) because such a project impacts a broad area that often contains many different cultures and landscapes
C) because such a project usually encounters archaeological resources
D) because they would be interested in researching highway traffic safety

Question 59

How many archaeologists are employed by the cultural resource management (CRM)industry as compared to those who are employed as academics?

A) The majority of archaeologists in North America are academics.
B) The number of CRM consulting archaeologists is equal to the number of academic archaeologists.
C) The majority of archaeologists in North America work in the CRM consulting industry.
D) No valid distinction can be made as all CRM work is contracted through universities.

Question 60

What does the author see for the future of university academic jobs in anthropology in Canada?

A) He sees a steady growth in these positions because of applied anthropology.
B) He sees academic positions as remaining stable at least in the near future.
C) He sees academic positions diminishing as anthropology becomes more of an applied skill.
D) He sees academic positions as entirely unpredictable and at the whim of budgetary circumstances.

Question 61

Applied anthropology in Canada has focused extensively on Aboriginal issues,multiculturalism,and immigration.

Question 62

The skills and research techniques used by applied ethnographers are the same as those used by academic anthropologists.

Question 63

A forensic archaeologist controls a recovery site,records the position of all relevant finds,and recovers any clues associated with human remains.

Question 64

Anthropology graduate students from across Canada were part of the team that excavated and catalogued the evidence from the Pickton pig farm site.

Question 65

Forensic anthropologists often work on historic human remains found in an archaeological context as well as more recent crime scenes.

Question 66

In the case of the Pickton farm murders in British Columbia,forensic anthropology proved useless,and the evidence was ultimately excluded from the trial of Robert Pickton.

Question 67

Anthropologists were intentionally excluded from participating in the treaty-making process that was undertaken between the American government and Native American Indians.

Question 68

Most applied anthropologists who worked to support the war effort during the Second World War were trained,armed,and assigned to front-line combat units as commanding officers.

Question 69

A forensic archaeologist is a physical/biological anthropologist who works with law enforcement agencies to determine the age,sex,and identity of unidentified human bones.

Question 70

Academic anthropology and applied anthropology are completely separate and are generally incompatible.

Question 71

Applied anthropologists must first remain loyal to the objectives of their clients,who pay for the research they do.

Question 72

Applied anthropologists often find themselves competing with people from other fields such as botany,natural history,medicine,and geology.

Question 73

Applied anthropologists who use ethnography must adhere to a strict code of ethics to protect the populations that are the subjects of their research.

Question 74

In the 19th century,applied anthropologists were attached to foreign offices and the military units of European colonial governments.

Question 75

Forensic anthropologists are often part of investigations into human rights abuses such as genocide and war crimes around the world.

Question 76

Diamond Jenness,who worked with Inuit bands in the Canadian North,helped the government implement the relocation of several Inuit bands because he believed it was in the Inuit's best interest.

Question 77

Owen Beattie's forensic examination of the victims of the Franklin expedition indicated that they resorted to cannibalism as they were dying off.

Question 78

Many applied anthropologists are concerned that the militarization of anthropology runs counter to their humanitarian orientation and may be used by governments to harm innocent people.

Question 79

Ruth Benedict worked for the U.S.government studying German and Japanese customs,behaviour,and character to help support the war effort during World War II.

Question 80

Applied anthropology may be a part of any one of the four subfields of anthropology.