Deck 8: Heart and Blood Vessels

Question 1

Which one of the following is a CORRECT statement?

A) Blood pressure is higher in veins than in arteries since blood must be returned to the heart.
B) Veins are more distensible than arteries.
C) Veins have a smaller lumen than arteries.
D) The walls of veins are made up of two distinct layers of tissues.
E) Veins carry blood to the capillaries of the body.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The aortic semilunar valve opens when the

A) arterial pressure is lower than the ventricular pressure
B) right ventricle is in diastole
C) atrioventricular valves open
D) atrium is in systole
E) pulmonary semilunar valve closes

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding arterioles and arteries?

A) Arterioles and arteries transport blood from capillaries to veins.
B) Blood pressure in arterioles is greater than the blood pressure in arteries.
C) Arterioles are smaller and have less smooth muscle than arteries.
D) Arteries do not contain valves, whereas arterioles do.
E) Small sphincter muscles regulate the flow of blood from arteries into arterioles.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which one of the following blood vessels transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

A) pulmonary artery
B) aorta
C) carotid artery
D) pulmonary vein
E) iliac vein

Question 5

When blood leaves the heart, it first enters

A) capillaries
B) arterioles
C) venules
D) veins
E) arteries

Question 6

Which one of the following plays the most significant role in regulating the distribution of blood into tissues?

A) arteries
B) veins
C) capillaries
D) arterioles
E) venules

Question 7

Fluid that "escapes" from the circulatory system due to high pressure is referred to as

A) digestive fluid
B) interstitial fluid
C) formed elements
D) platelets
E) aneurysm

Question 8

Fluid in the lymphatic system, as well as interstitial fluid, is

A) derived from blood plasma
B) pumped from the left ventricle into lymphatic vessels and then back into the right atrium
C) composed mostly of formed elements from blood
D) the liquid portion of fluid escaping from the digestive system
E) produced by the endothelium to lubricate the interior of vascular tissue

Question 9

The atrioventricular valves are closed when the

A) right atrium is contracting
B) P wave of an electrocardiogram appears
C) heart is completely relaxed
D) ventricles contract
E) ventricles are relaxed

Question 10

All of the following are features of capillaries that promote exchange between blood and interstitial fluid EXCEPT which one?

A) Capillaries lack connective tissue in their walls.
B) Capillary walls consist of a single layer of squamous epithelial cells.
C) Capillary walls have pores within the cells and slits between the cells, making them "leaky."
D) Capillary walls lack smooth muscle.
E) Capillaries have tiny valves that keep the blood flowing in one direction.

Question 11

Life-threatening aneurisms are most likely to occur in

A) veins
B) venules
C) capillaries
D) arterioles
E) arteries

Question 12

Each of the following mechanisms plays a role in the return of blood to the heart via veins EXCEPT which one?

A) osmotic pressure exerted by plasma proteins in the blood
B) squeezing action of skeletal muscles
C) valves that permit the one-way flow of blood returning to the heart and prevent backflow
D) pressure changes in the abdominal and thoracic cavities associated with breathing

Question 13

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
Which of the blood vessels in the human cardiovascular system contain deoxygenated blood?

A) A and C
B) A only
C) B, D, and E
D) D and E
E) C only

Question 14

Each of the following is part of the systemic circuit EXCEPT the

A) aorta
B) left ventricle
C) aortic semilunar valve
D) pulmonary arteries
E) superior vena cava

Question 15

The left ventricle has a more muscular wall than the other three chambers of the heart because the left ventricle

A) must generate enough blood pressure to pump blood into the aorta and throughout the body
B) pumps blood more rapidly than the other chambers
C) pumps blood into the atria
D) must decrease the amount of pressure on the blood so it can flow more smoothly
E) receives blood directly from major arteries

Question 16

Each of the following statements accurately describes a feature of arteries EXCEPT which one?

A) Arteries have an endothelial lining that reduces friction and promotes smooth blood flow.
B) Arteries have a smooth muscle layer on the outside, which provides some stiffness.
C) Elastin fibers in arterial walls allow stretching of the arteries.
D) Valves along major arteries maintain directed blood flow.
E) A tough supportive layer of connective tissue containing collagen is found on the outer surface of arteries.

Question 17

After blood flows through the right atrium of the heart, its next major destination is the

A) right ventricle
B) left atrium
C) aorta
D) left ventricle
E) lungs

Question 18

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding the lymphatic system?

A) The lymphatic system removes microorganisms from body fluid.
B) Lymph flows from lymph capillaries to larger lymphatic vessels to the heart and lungs.
C) Lymphatic capillaries absorb lipid droplets from plasma.
D) Lymph is excreted from the body.
E) Lymphatic capillaries produce interstitial fluid.

Question 19

The fibrous sac that surrounds the heart and produces lubricant for heart contraction is the

A) myocardium
B) pericardium
C) endocardium
D) epicardium
E) reticulocardium

Question 20

Exchange of nutrients and gases between blood and tissues is the primary function of

A) arterioles
B) epicardium
C) arteries
D) capillaries
E) veins

Question 21

Following damage to his heart, Jim is having a pacemaker implanted. Which one of the following components of the heart does this device replace the activity of?

A) atrioventricular node
B) sinoatrial valve
C) atrioventricular bundle
D) Purkinje fibers
E) sinoatrial node

Question 22

The sinoatrial node

A) is located in the left atrium
B) sends out a signal for contraction once every two minutes
C) regulates the rate of heart contraction
D) is also known as the atrioventricular node
E) receives signals from the atrioventricular node

Question 23

In which one of the following blood vessels is blood under the lowest pressure?

A) artery
B) arteriole
C) capillary
D) venule
E) vein

Question 24

Ventricular fibrillation is occurring in a patient who has just arrived in the emergency room. Which one of the following treatments may be applied immediately to correct this potentially fatal arrhythmia?

A) implantation of an artificial pacemaker
B) coronary artery bypass surgery
C) cardioversion
D) balloon angioplasty
E) replacement of the defective heart valve

Question 25

Blood pressure is highest in

A) arteries
B) capillaries
C) arterioles
D) venules
E) veins

Question 26

Which one of the following segments of the typical cardiac cycle is the briefest?

A) atrial systole
B) atrial diastole
C) ventricular systole
D) ventricular diastole
E) Macular systole

Question 27

Electrical impulses that stimulate contraction of heart muscles are initiated in the

A) left ventricle
B) bundle of His
C) sinoatrial node
D) atrioventricular node
E) Purkinje fibers

Question 28

Blood pressure in veins is lower than that in arteries, and a series of ________ are necessary to prevent backflow of blood.

A) one-way valves
B) two- or three-way valves
C) varicose veins
D) tricuspid valves
E) endothelial cells

Question 29

When the force of blood on the walls of blood vessels drops below normal, the condition is referred to as

A) blood pressure
B) hypotension
C) hypertension
D) aneurysm
E) angina

Question 30

You have been advised to check your pulse during exercise in order to monitor your heart rate. What is happening in your heart as your pulse is produced?

A) ventricular diastole
B) atrial diastole
C) the aortic valve and pulmonary valves are closing
D) ventricular systole
E) atrial systole

Question 31

Lymphatic vessels are structurally different from the arteries in that

A) lymphatic vessels generally possess more smooth muscle than arteries
B) blood flow through arteries is largely driven by ventricular contractions, whereas blood movement in lymphatic vessels depends on smooth muscle contractions
C) movement of lymphatic fluid depends on valves to prevent backflow
D) lymphatic vessels possess more elastic fibers than most arteries
E) endothelium lines arteries, but is absent in lymph vessels

Question 32

Dexoygenated blood always flows

A) into the left ventricle
B) toward the left atrium
C) toward the right atrium
D) in the systemic circuit
E) from capillaries to arterioles

Question 33

An electrocardiogram is used to

A) measure the amount of blood leaving the heart with each contraction
B) measure the electrical activity of the heart
C) listen to heart sounds
D) correct a heart murmur
E) initiate angina pectoris

Question 34

Arthrosclerosis is a condition that results in a thickening of arterial walls due to buildup of fatty deposits containing

A) glycerol
B) albumin
C) phospholipids
D) glucose
E) cholesterol

Question 35

In the ________ circuit, blood leaving the ________ ultimately delivers oxygen and nutrients to all of the body's tissues and organs.

A) pulmonary, lung capillaries
B) systemic, vena cava
C) pulmonary, torso and lower limbs
D) systemic, left ventricle

Question 36

Which layer of the heart is in contact with the blood?

A) pericardium
B) endocardium
C) myocardium
D) epicardium
E) epithelial

Question 37

Given the following components of the cardiac conduction cycle, which one of the following best describes the movement of the stimulus that causes a heart contraction? A. atrioventricular bundle B. sinoatrial node
C) atria D. atrioventricular node
E) Purkinje fibers F. ventricles

A) B, C, D, A, E, F
B) B, D, A, C, E, F
C) D, A, E, F, B, C
D) A, D, E, B, C, F
E) B, C, D, F, A, E

Question 38

Risk factors for atherosclerosis include factors that can raise the levels of blood cholesterol, such as

A) obesity, smoking, and a sedentary life style
B) regular exercise and a high-fat diet
C) dieting and REM sleep
D) sedentary lifestyle, low-fat diet
E) maintaining homeostatic blood pressure

Question 39

The "lub" of the lub-DUB sounds heard through a stethoscope when listening to the heart is produced by the

A) inferior vena cava and superior vena cava emptying into the right atrium
B) closing of the two atrioventricular valves
C) contraction of the atria
D) closing of the aortic valve and pulmonary valve
E) pulmonary arteries emptying into the left atrium

Question 40

Blood pumped from the right ventricle is ________ and enters the ________.

A) oxygenated, pulmonary vein
B) deoxygenated, aorta
C) oxygenated, pulmonary trunk
D) deoxygenated, coronary vein
E) deoxygenated, pulmonary trunk

Question 41

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding baroreceptors?

A) Baroreceptors are pressure sensors that monitor blood pressure.
B) Baroreceptors are located in the right atrium and right ventricle.
C) Baroreceptors respond to high blood pressure by causing an increase in heart contraction.
D) Baroreceptors respond to low blood pressure by causing vasodilation of the arterioles.
E) Baroreceptors send nerve impulses directly to the heart.

Question 42

The endothelium of the heart and blood vessels is composed of a smooth layer of connective tissue that reduces friction, which helps keep blood flowing smoothly.

Question 43

Cardiac output can be calculated by

A) measuring the number of heartbeats in one hour
B) monitoring changes in blood pressure for a specific period of time, but for at least 15 minutes
C) multiplying heart rate by stroke volume
D) dividing stroke volume by arterial blood pressure
E) summing heart rate, stroke volume, and blood pressure

Question 44

All of the following are recommended ways to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease EXCEPT which one?

A) reduce fat and cholesterol intake
B) reduce or quit smoking
C) engage in regular moderate exercise
D) older adults-use hormone replacement therapy
E) avoid chronic stress

Question 45

Which one of the following would result in a decrease in cardiac output?

A) increased heart rate
B) decreased stroke volume
C) exercise
D) strong emotions
E) activation of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 46

Blood pressure in veins is lower than blood pressure in arteries, due in part to the larger diameter of veins.

Question 47

The lumen of capillaries is so small that red blood cells must travel through these blood vessels in single file or sometimes actually squeeze through.

Question 48

A person's blood pressure has fallen below normal as the person has quickly jumped out of his or her chair where he or she had been relaxing. All of the following reflect events in restoring the blood pressure to normal EXCEPT which one?

A) The heart rate will decrease.
B) The baroreceptors will detect the drop in blood pressure.
C) The medulla oblongata will send signals to the heart and to the blood vessels.
D) The force of contraction of the heart will increase.
E) Vasoconstriction of a number of arterioles will increase blood pressure.

Question 49

Which one of the following symptoms is most typical of hypertension?

A) feeling dizzy and faint
B) rapid heart rate
C) very slow heart rate
D) loss of appetite
E) most often there are no symptoms

Question 50

Veins carry blood away from the heart.

Question 51

The atrioventricular valves are closed when the heart is in complete diastole.

Question 52

Which response would be characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A) secretion of the hormone epinephrine
B) increase in blood pressure
C) vasoconstriction of blood vessels
D) decrease the rate of heart contraction
E) activation during times of stress

Question 53

Which one of the following best describes an angiogram?

A) an X-ray picture of blood vessels
B) a recording of heart sounds
C) use of a balloon to widen an artery
D) a sensation of pain in the chest associated with poor blood circulation to the heart
E) a recording of the electrical activity of the heart

Question 54

In a weakened heart, the heart begins to pump less blood, resulting in blood backing up in the veins causing pressure in veins and capillaries to rise. This condition is called

A) angina
B) congestive heart failure
C) hypotension
D) hypertension
E) atherosclerosis

Question 55

Which one of the following is a symptom of a heart attack?

A) increased cardiac output
B) intense chest pain
C) normal breathing
D) pain in the knees
E) pain in the right chest that radiates down the right arm

Question 56

Which one of the following parts of the brain regulates heart activity?

A) cerebrum
B) cerebellum
C) thalamus
D) midbrain
E) medulla oblongata

Question 57

All veins carry deoxygenated blood.

Question 58

Deoxygenated blood in the right side of the heart never mixes with the oxygenated blood in the left side of the heart.

Question 59

Coronary arteries supply the heart muscle with nutrients and oxygen.

Question 60

The cardiac cycle consists of a period of heart contraction called systole and a period of heart relaxation called diastole.

Question 61

When a person exercises, sensory input from moving muscles and joints results in an increase in cardiac output, causing blood pressure to be maintained, despite an increase in blood flow to the muscles.

Question 62

The figure above shows a normal ECG recording. Match each part, A, B, or C, of the recording to its description.
represents the end of electrical activity in the ventricles

Question 63

The condition that results when an endothelium becomes damaged and blood leaks below the endothelium, causing the wall of the blood vessel to bulge, is a(n)________.

Question 64

Vasoconstriction causes an increase in the diameter of blood vessels, thus causing an increase in blood flow to the tissues.

Question 65

Contraction of smooth muscle in the wall of arterioles is known as ________.

Question 66

The figure above shows a normal ECG recording. Match each part, A, B, or C, of the recording to its description.
represents the stimulus for heart contraction traveling across the atria

Question 67

The buildup of fatty deposits on the inner wall of arteries is associated with higher levels of HDLs (high-density lipoproteins) in the blood.

Question 68

The figure above shows a normal ECG recording. Match each part, A, B, or C, of the recording to its description.
represents the movement of the stimulus for heart contraction down the septum and through the Purkinje fibers of the ventricles

Question 69

The smallest arteries are called ________; the smallest veins are called ________.

Question 70

Artificial hearts are used routinely today to replace damaged hearts when a donor heart is not available for transplant.

Question 71

Using the figure below, determine which side of the capillary is being described in each of the following statements.

A) arteriole side
B) venous side
blood plasma leaves the capillary, carrying nutrients and oxygen to the cells

Question 72

________ prevent the backflow of blood in veins.

Question 73

Smooth muscle, in the form of ________, is frequently located where arterioles meet capillaries.

Question 74

The atrioventricular valves are supported by connective tissue strands called ________, which prevent the valves from everting.

Question 75

Using the figure below, determine which side of the capillary is being described in each of the following statements.

A) arteriole side
B) venous side
reabsorption of fluid occurs from extracellular area to capillary

Question 76

During electrical stimulation of the heart, the impulse pauses briefly at the ________ before continuing on to the ventricles.

Question 77

Using the figure below, determine which side of the capillary is being described in each of the following statements.

A) arteriole side
B) venous side
carbon dioxide diffuses into the blood

Question 78

Using the figure below, determine which side of the capillary is being described in each of the following statements.

A) arteriole side
B) venous side
blood pressure is higher

Question 79

Blood pressure is measured with a(n) ________ and a stethoscope.

Question 80

Baroreceptors are located in the aorta and ________ arteries.