Deck 4: From Cells to Organ Systems

Question 1

What general type of tissue is characterized by few cells, separated by a nonliving extracellular matrix?

A) epithelial tissue
B) connective tissue
C) muscle tissue
D) nervous tissue
E) organ tissue

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which one of the following functions is associated with one type of connective tissue?

A) contraction
B) a membrane potential
C) absorption of digestive products
D) transport
E) secretion

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In which one of the following locations would one expect to find cartilage?

A) between the skin and the underlying muscle
B) between the vertebrae
C) in a tendon
D) in the wall of a blood vessel
E) in adipose tissue

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In regions of the human body that must precisely control what enters or exits tissues, which one of the following is(are) present to ensure adjacent cells are packed close together?

A) basement membrane
B) adhesion junctions
C) collagen
D) tight junctions
E) gap junctions

Question 5

Which one of the following wraps around, supports, and holds organs in proper position within the body?

A) loose areolar tissue
B) tendons
C) ligaments
D) cytoskeleton
E) reticular tissue

Question 6

A student in a histology class was asked to describe the structure of a stratified squamous epithelium. Which one of the following is the best description?

A) tissue composed of protein fibers in a ground substance and a few cells
B) tissue composed of one layer of flat cells located on a basement membrane
C) tissue composed of contracting protein fibers enclosed by plasma membranes
D) tissue composed of several layers of tall cells resting on a basement membrane
E) tissue composed of several layers of flat cells resting on a basement membrane

Question 7

Which one of the following types of tissues surrounds hollow organs that change shape or size regularly?

A) loose connective tissue
B) dense connective tissue
C) elastic connective tissue
D) reticular connective tissue

Question 8

Goblet cells are critical to the movement of food in the body because they

A) secrete mucus in the digestive tract
B) produce basement membrane for epithelial tissues
C) synthesize cholesterol
D) form gap junctions
E) produce sodium-potassium pumps

Question 9

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding endocrine glands?

A) As the body matures, endocrine glands develop from specialized exocrine glands.
B) Endocrine glands empty their products into a duct.
C) Examples of endocrine glands include sweat glands and salivary glands.
D) Endocrine glands are connective tissues that are specialized to produce and secrete a product.
E) Endocrine glands produce and secrete hormones.

Question 10

A student is describing the tissue that makes up the walls of the alveoli in the lungs. It appears that these walls are composed of flattened cells arranged in a single layer to facilitate gas exchange. Which one of the following terms best describes this tissue?

A) simple cuboidal
B) stratified squamous
C) simple squamous
D) simple columnar
E) stratified cuboidal

Question 11

All of the following are functions of cartilage EXCEPT which one?

A) mineral (calcium, phosphorus) storage
B) maintaining shape of body parts, such as nose and ears
C) protection and cushioning of joints
D) reduction of friction at joints
E) prebone models in the fetus that develop into bones

Question 12

Which one of the following is found directly beneath the cells of an epithelial tissue?

A) fibrous connective tissue
B) basement membrane
C) collagen and elastic fibers
D) bi or multipolar extensions
E) muscle tissue

Question 13

All of the following are types of connective tissue EXCEPT which one?

A) bone
B) cartilage
C) blood
D) muscle
E) adipose

Question 14

The tissue lining the mouth, organs of the digestive system, and inner surfaces of the lungs is classified as

A) connective
B) epithelial
C) nervous
D) muscle
E) connective and nervous

Question 15

Which one of the following is characteristic of an exocrine gland but NOT of an endocrine gland?

A) produces hormones
B) can generate and transmit nerve impulses
C) releases its products into a duct
D) releases gland products into the blood
E) is composed entirely of connective tissue

Question 16

A connective tissue differs from an epithelial tissue in that connective tissue

A) is composed of cells supported by a basement membrane
B) can produce and secrete products into the bloodstream
C) is composed of cells that can be described as squamous or cuboidal
D) is composed primarily of a nonliving extracellular material, which is located between the cells
E) is composed of cells interconnected by gap junctions or adhesion junctions

Question 17

Which type of tissue is characteristic of ligaments and tendons?

A) loose connective tissue
B) dense connective tissue
C) elastic connective tissue
D) reticular connective tissue
E) muscle tissue

Question 18

Which one of the following types of junctions in an epithelium allows the tissue to stretch and bend, as in the epithelium of the skin?

A) tight junction
B) adhesion junction
C) glandular junction
D) stratified junction
E) gap junction

Question 19

A group of cells that are similar in structure and work together to perform a common function are referred to as a(n)

A) organ system
B) tissue
C) organ
D) community
E) organism

Question 20

What kind of cells make up the basement membrane?

A) cuboidal epithelial cells
B) squamous epithelial cells
C) columnar epithelial cells
D) connective tissue cells
E) no cells, the basement membrane is an acellular structure, composed of protein

Question 21

The wrist is located ________ to the elbow.

A) superior
B) distal
C) proximal
D) anterior
E) inferior

Question 22

Which one of the following is a tissue membrane positioned in thin cavities between bones in movable joints?

A) synovial membrane
B) basement membrane
C) cutaneous membrane
D) mucous membrane
E) serous membrane

Question 23

The type of muscle responsible for involuntary contractions of the stomach is ________ muscle.

A) smooth
B) cardiac
C) intercalated
D) striated
E) skeletal

Question 24

Skin functions to

A) absorb sunlight to facilitate the synthesis of vitamin A
B) initiate muscle contractions
C) provide protection from dehydration
D) synthesize components for bone tissue
E) produce vitamin C

Question 25

Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding glial cells?

A) They are located in the matrix of cartilage.
B) They transmit nerve impulses from the brain to the internal organs.
C) They stimulate the contraction of cardiac muscle.
D) They support and protect neurons.
E) They produce blood plasma.

Question 26

Which one of the following are structures in the body that are composed of two or more different tissue types joined together to perform a specific function?

A) tissues
B) organs
C) organ systems
D) junctions
E) body cavities

Question 27

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding skin?

A) Beneath the dermis is the basement membrane, which separates the dermis from the hypodermis.
B) Keratin is a protein in the cells of the epidermis that provides strength and waterproofing.
C) Melanocytes and keratinocytes are two skin cell types that are prevalent in the dermis.
D) The sebaceous glands and the sweat glands are two types of endocrine glands located in the dermis.
E) Melanocytes produce calcium, which strengthens the skin.

Question 28

Which one of the following membranes lines the airways and digestive tract?

A) serous
B) cutaneous
C) membranous
D) synovial
E) mucous

Question 29

The abdominal cavity is separated from the thoracic cavity by the

A) stomach
B) diaphragm
C) liver
D) heart
E) lungs

Question 30

Which one of the following is found in the dermis?

A) cardiac muscle
B) keratinocytes
C) sweat gland
D) melanocytes
E) skeletal muscle

Question 31

In a negative feedback system, which one of the following statements is TRUE?

A) A sensor detects a stimulus, which in turn amplifies the original disturbance.
B) Deviations from a desired condition are automatically detected and counteracted.
C) Homeostasis cannot be re-established until the effector is turned off.
D) The effector activates the sensor.
E) A sensor is not needed because the body anticipates the coming change.

Question 32

Positive feedback control occurs

A) during maintenance of proper body temperature
B) when insulin and glucagon regulate blood glucose levels
C) during the process of childbirth (labor)
D) to counter the effects of negative feedback
E) in other animals but not in humans

Question 33

Each of these organ systems is involved in the homeostatic regulation of body temperature EXCEPT which one?

A) nervous system
B) integumentary system
C) circulatory system
D) muscular system
E) skeletal system

Question 34

Which one of the following tissues can respond to the environment by generating electrical signals?

A) dermis
B) nervous
C) muscle
D) epithelial
E) connective

Question 35

Although the cells of a multicellular organism are specialized for certain functions, those cells must also be integrated and organized in order to work together to benefit the organism.

Question 36

Calcium levels in the body are maintained by hormones. If the blood calcium level rises above a set point, calcitonin is secreted by the thyroid gland and sets into motion responses to lower the blood calcium back to the set point. If the blood calcium level falls below a set point, the parathyroid gland secretes parathyroid hormone that sets into motion responses to raise the blood calcium. These homeostatic responses are examples of

A) positive feedback
B) effectors
C) sensors
D) negative feedback

Question 37

A fluid-filled blister develops when excessive rubbing of the skin causes the ________ and ________ to separate from each other.

A) tight junctions, gap junctions
B) epidermis, dermis
C) dermis, hypodermis
D) melanocytes, keratinocytes
E) epidermis, hypodermis

Question 38

Vasoconstriction is a term that refers to the contraction of muscle in the walls of the blood vessels, thus causing the diameter of the blood vessel to decrease. Which one of the following types of muscle would be involved in this contraction?

A) skeletal
B) smooth
C) cardiac
D) both cardiac and smooth
E) both skeletal and smooth

Question 39

Which type of tissue is able to contract?

A) epithelial
B) loose connective
C) dense connective
D) muscle
E) nervous

Question 40

Control systems most likely involved in maintaining homeostasis are termed positive feedback.

Question 41

Tanning increases the number and density of melanocytes in the epidermis.

Question 42

A torn tendon sidelines athletes for long periods of time because the tissues possess less vascular tissue than bone.

Question 43

Match each of the following diagrams in the figure below to the type of tissue it represents.

connective

Question 44

Desmosomes allow materials to pass directly from one cell to another.

Question 45

Cartilage functions well as a cushioning structure because it is composed primarily of collagen fibers in a ground substance with a lot of water.

Question 46

Match each of the following diagrams in the figure below to the type of tissue it represents.

nervous

Question 47

Since skin is made up of several types of tissues and has a number of different functions, it is best classified as an organ.

Question 48

The type of tissue that makes up the sweat glands, salivary glands, and endocrine glands is ________.

Question 49

Using the figure above, identify the type of cell junction used in each of the following.
These junctions join cardiac cells, allowing transfer of ions and water between cells.

Question 50

Match each of the following diagrams in the figure below to the type of tissue it represents.

designed for secretion and absorption

Question 51

Using the figure above, identify the type of cell junction used in each of the following.
These junctions are found between cells lining the digestive tract and prevent the passage of any substances between adjoining cells.

Question 52

A stratified epithelium is often composed of multiple layers of cuboidal or squamous epithelial cells, and usually located in body regions to provide protection.

Question 53

Using the figure above, identify the type of cell junction used in each of the following.
These junctions allow for movement and flexibility, such as is needed for tissues like the epithelium of the skin that must stretch and bend.

Question 54

A connective tissue made up primarily of fat and elastic tissue would confer strength to the structure in which it is located.

Question 55

Weight loss typically leads to a reduction in both the number and size of adipocytes.

Question 56

Sweat is released by exocrine glands on the skin surface as a means to lower body temperature.

Question 57

Match each of the following diagrams in the figure below to the type of tissue it represents.

muscle

Question 58

A group of two or more tissues that function as a unit is a(n) ________.

Question 59

Specialized epithelial tissues that produce and secrete a product are known as ________.

Question 60

Cardiac muscle is located only in the ________.

Question 61

________ is an abundant protein found in dense connective tissue (tendons and ligaments) and in cartilage.

Question 62

Skeletal muscle attaches to ________, which connect the muscle to bone.

Question 63

The function of smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscle is ________ in response to stimulus.

Question 64

A supportive noncellular proteinaceous layer underneath epithelial tissue is the ________ membrane.

Question 65

An epithelium consisting of multiple layers of flat cells is classified as a(n) ________ epithelium.

Question 66

Connective tissue is unique because the cells secrete a(n) ________ that can be semiliquid or hardened.

Question 67

Cells in cartilage that produce the ground substance are the ________.

Question 68

Connective tissue cells that produce collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers are the ________.

Question 69

Nervous tissue is composed of two types of cells: ________ that conduct impulses and ________ that surround and protect these cells.

Question 70

Glands that secrete their product into a duct are classified as ________ glands.

Question 71

A(n) ________ epithelium allows gas exchange in the lungs.

Question 72

Blood, cartilage, and bone are types of ________ tissue.

Question 73

The toes are located ________ to the knee.

Question 74

Epithelial tissues are classified according to the cell ________ as well as the number of cell layers making up the tissue.

Question 75

Skeletal muscle is considered ________ muscle because conscious control can be exercised over its movement.

Question 76

The type of epithelial cells most commonly associated with absorption in the small intestine is ________.

Question 77

Spot desmosomes are actually ________ junctions, which allow for slight flexibility in an epithelium.

Question 78

A gland located in the dermis of the skin that helps to regulate body temperature is the ________ gland, which is a type of ________ gland.

Question 79

The ability of living organisms to maintain a constant internal environment despite changes in the external environment is ________.

Question 80

If you were in a bike accident that resulted in bleeding, explain why the injury must be deeper than the epidermis.