Deck 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Question 1

At what ages do the two major brain growth spurts occur?

A) 11 - 12 and 13 - 15
B) 12 - 14 and 17 - 18
C) 13 - 15 and 17 - 18
D) 13 - 15 and 18 - 20

Answer 1

13 - 15 and 17 - 18

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of changes in secondary sex characteristics during puberty?

A) Growth of the testes
B) Growth of the breasts
C) Growth of the penis
D) Growth of the ovaries

Answer 2

Growth of the breasts

Question 3

Which group of hormones is responsible for the development of the sex organs?

A) Testosterone in females and estradiol in males
B) General growth hormones
C) Estrogen in females and testosterone in males
D) Thyroid gland hormones

Answer 3

Estrogen in females and testosterone in males

Question 4

Which of the following is a change in primary sex characteristics which takes place during puberty?

A) Growth of breasts
B) Changing voice pitch
C) Growth of pubic hair
D) Formation of a uterus

Question 5

In which of the following groups has the average age of menarche remained the same over the past six decades?

A) African American girls
B) Asian American girls
C) Hispanic American girls
D) White girls in the U.S.

Question 6

Dawn has just turned thirteen years old, and she recently experienced menarche. If Dawn becomes sexually active, will she be at risk for pregnancy?

A) Possibly. Although irregular menstrual cycles are the norm for some time, pregnancy is still possible.
B) Not likely, as irregular menstrual cycles signal the absence of ovulation.
C) No. The irregularity of menstrual cycles after menarche means that it would be impossible to have intercourse during an ovulatory cycle.
D) Probably not. She would be too young to get pregnant.

Question 7

According to current research, which of the following accounts for the secular trend in development worldwide?

A) Better sex education
B) Declines in teen sexual behavior
C) Improvements in nutrition and health care
D) Lack of proper prenatal care

Question 8

Which of the following is a true statement regarding obesity and puberty?

A) Obesity is likely to be positively correlated with early puberty in girls.
B) Obesity is likely to positively correlated with early puberty in boys.
C) Obesity is likely to cause late onset puberty in boys and girls.
D) Obesity is negatively correlated with early puberty in girls.

Question 9

Which hormone is responsible for changes at puberty, particularly the development of the secondary sex characteristics in girls?

A) Adrenal androgen
B) Thyroxine
C) Testosterone
D) Estrogen

Question 10

Which of the following best defines menarche?

A) The beginning of puberty marked by the development of breast buds
B) Growth of the uterus during puberty
C) The onset of menstruation at puberty
D) Increase in body fat at puberty

Question 11

During adolescence, boys are more advanced than girls in which of the following aspects of physical development?

A) Attainment of adult height
B) Joints of the skeletal system
C) Acquisition of fat tissue
D) Size of heart and lungs

Question 12

The changes in the patterns of physical growth and development that are known as the secular trend are most likely caused by which of the following?

A) An increasingly sexualized society
B) Increased levels of demand and stress placed upon children and adolescents
C) Improvements in nutrition and health care
D) Cultural values that favor a thin, angular body image

Question 13

What is the term for the onset of the menstrual cycle?

A) Menstruation
B) Ovarianation
C) Secularization
D) Menarche

Question 14

Which of the following best defines adolescence?

A) The period between the ages of 10 and 17
B) The transition to puberty
C) The transitional period between childhood and adulthood
D) The transitional period from childhood to teenage-hood

Question 15

During a growth spurt, which is (are) likely to grow first?

A) The torso
B) Arms and legs
C) Hands and feet
D) The brain

Question 16

Which gland prompts the release of hormones from the other endocrine glands?

A) Pituitary
B) Thyroid
C) Adrenal
D) Hypothalamus

Question 17

Which hormone is responsible for normal brain development and overall rate of growth?

A) Adrenal androgen
B) Thyroxine
C) Testosterone
D) Estrogen

Question 18

During puberty the pituitary gland signals the adrenal glands to increase production of androgens. What is the term for this process?

A) Pituitarism
B) Adrenarche
C) Puberty
D) Estradiol

Question 19

Which of the following statements about menarche is correct?

A) Among girls in industrialized countries, menarche occurs, on average, between the ages of 8 and 10.
B) Menarche typically occurs two years after the beginning of indicators such as changes in the breast and pubic hair.
C) Only 50% of girls experience menarche between the ages of 11 and 15.
D) In industrialized countries, the average age of menarche has remained fairly stable for more than 100 years.

Question 20

Which of the following is the earliest sign of puberty for a female?

A) Menstruation
B) Changes in breasts and pubic hair
C) Growth spurt
D) Development of a mesomorphic body type

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true regarding adolescent pregnancy in the U.S.?

A) The number of teen pregnancies continues to rise.
B) Teen pregnancy statistics only account for those under the age of 16.
C) The number of unwed teen mothers who eventually wed the babies' fathers has increased over the past four decades.
D) The number of births to unmarried teens has increased over the past four decades.

Question 22

Of the following events in boys' puberty, which typically occurs earliest?

A) Growth of the genitals
B) Peak of the growth spurt
C) Growth of a beard
D) Lowering of the voice

Question 23

Which of the following statements about adolescent sexual activity is correct?

A) Less than 1/3 of sexually active children report using condoms in their most recent sexual activity.
B) Of the students using contraception, more use the birth control pill than use condoms.
C) Teens who are involved in sports or after-school activities have lower rates of sexual activity than teens who do not participate in such activities.
D) Among girls, those who are sexually active are less likely to have had early menarche.

Question 24

Which of the following groups is more likely to have a negative body image, get into trouble at school and with peers, and engage in delinquent behavior?

A) Late-maturing boys
B) Early-maturing boys
C) Late-maturing girls
D) Early-maturing girls

Question 25

Which of the following statements best summarizes the research as to the causes of homosexuality?

A) The majority of teens who identify as homosexual report having been sexually abused as children.
B) More and more research indicates that genetics plays a strong role in the development of sexual orientation.
C) The research does not clearly point to either genetics or environment, but rather indicates that sexual orientation is a result of both genetic and environmental factors.
D) The research clearly indicates that homosexual behaviors are a matter of choice.

Question 26

Which of the following factors is most likely to influence whether or not teens become sexually active across cultures?

A) Social factors
B) Hormones
C) Nutritional levels
D) Levels of sex education

Question 27

Which of the following is likely to be characteristic of a girl who experienced the major physical changes of puberty by age ten?

A) A positive body image
B) Involvement with prosocial peers
C) Trouble at home and at school
D) Bipolar disorder

Question 28

In the United States, which of the following sexually active groups is most likely to use condoms?

A) African Americans
B) White Americans
C) Hispanic Americans
D) Asian Americans

Question 29

How many teen pregnancies end in abortion?

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 33%
D) 50%

Question 30

Which of the following is true of spermarche?

A) It's onset varies considerably between different ethnic groups.
B) It typically occurs between 13 and 14 years of age, but the production of viable sperm does not happen until a few months later.
C) It typically occurs between 15 and 16 years of age.
D) Viable sperm production usually occurs a few months prior to the first ejaculation.

Question 31

Approximately ____ of female 15- to 19-year-olds in 2008 reported being on the pill.

A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 70%

Question 32

Which of the following statements about sex education programs is correct?

A) All sex education programs are effective.
B) Most sex education programs are effective.
C) Most sex education programs are ineffective.
D) There is no clear consensus on the effectiveness of sex education programs.

Question 33

Which of the following is one of the stages of crisis of teen pregnancy?

A) The escalation phase
B) The denial phase
C) The de-escalation phase
D) The radical acceptance phase

Question 34

Which of the following terms applies to a person whose psychological gender does not match their physical sex?

A) Homosexual
B) Transgendered
C) Transfixed
D) Cross-typed

Question 35

What is the overall annual teenage pregnancy rate for 18- to 19-year-olds in the United States?

A) 10 per 1,000 teens
B) 20 per 1,000 teens
C) 40 per 1,000 teens
D) 70 per 1,000 teens

Question 36

What is the concordance rate of homosexuality in fraternal twins?

A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 60%

Question 37

Most people probably begin to have some awareness of their sexual orientation at what point in their lives?

A) Adolescence
B) Early Childhood
C) Middle Childhood
D) Young Adulthood

Question 38

What is the concordance rate of homosexuality in identical twins?

A) 10-20%
B) 30-40%
C) 50-60%
D) 70-80%

Question 39

Which of the following statements about teen pregnancy is true?

A) The highest rate of teenaged pregnancy is among girls under the age of 15.
B) The teenaged pregnancy rate has steadily increased since the 1960s.
C) The rate of births to married teenagers has increased in the last four decades.
D) Pregnancy is most likely to happen after a girl leaves high school.

Question 40

Which of the following groups is more likely to occupy leadership roles but also be at increased risk for alcohol or drug use?

A) Late maturing girls
B) Early maturing boys
C) Late maturing boys
D) Early maturing girls

Question 41

The eating disorder bulimia nervosa is characterized by

A) obsessive dieting that results in death by starvation.
B) significant weight loss.
C) episodes of binge eating that are followed by purging activities.
D) metabolic dysfunction that triggers compulsive and excessive eating.

Question 42

Tooth decay among bulimic teens is caused by which of the following?

A) Poor nutrition
B) Repeated vomiting
C) Bulimia's correlation with poor hygiene
D) Excessive intake of sugary foods

Question 43

Among teenagers, what is the most commonly used illicit drug?

A) Alcohol
B) Cocaine
C) Marijuana
D) Diet pills

Question 44

Which of the following is a characteristic of anorexia nervosa?

A) Eating large amounts of food and then purging
B) Fear of conflict
C) Excessive menstruation
D) Impulsivity

Question 45

Which of the following comorbid conditions has been proposed by theorists as a possible explanation for the development of eating disorders in our society?

A) Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
B) Obsessive compulsive disorder
C) Schizophrenia
D) Specific phobia

Question 46

Which of the following is recognized as a common factors among suicide completers?

A) history of parental divorce.
B) altered mental state through alcohol, drugs, or emotional upset.
C) poor grades in school.
D) abnormal sexual behaviors.

Question 47

Use of laxatives, exercise, and vomiting are most closely associated with which of the following?

A) Treatment of anorexia nervosa
B) Binge behaviors
C) Purging
D) Treatment of bulimia

Question 48

Which of the following may create a developmental pathway for adolescent depression?

A) Growing up with a depressed parent
B) Growing up in a religion that emphasizes traditional gender roles
C) Growing up in a low socioeconomic status family
D) Having many siblings

Question 49

Which of the following terms describes an excessive need for control of the environment?

A) Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
B) Manic personality disorder
C) Controlling personality disorder
D) Borderline personality disorder

Question 50

The core feature(s) of anorexia nervosa is (are) _______________.

A) binging and purging.
B) obsessive fear of food.
C) the use of laxatives or self-induced vomiting.
D) intense fear of weight gain, extreme dieting, and obsessive exercising.

Question 51

According to your textbook, among teenagers, sensation seeking appears to be LEAST associated with which of the following?

A) Automobile accidents and injuries
B) Tobacco use
C) Drug use
D) Alcohol use

Question 52

Why are girls less likely to complete suicide?

A) They are more prone to suicidal "faking."
B) They lack access to lethal means.
C) They tend to use means that are less successful, such as poisoning.
D) Fewer girls attempt suicide, so fewer complete.

Question 53

What is the correlation between risk-seeking behavior and the media?

A) Teens who watch more than 40 hours of television per week are more likely to engage in sensation-seeking.
B) The correlation between media influences and risk taking is negative.
C) Teens who are most strongly influenced by media portrayals of risky behavior are more likely to engage in sensation seeking.
D) There is no evidence to correlate media portrayals of risky behavior and sensation-seeking.

Question 54

Which of the following factors is likely to contribute to the development of depression among adolescents?

A) Genetic factors
B) Large family size
C) Average self-esteem
D) Family responsibilities and chores

Question 55

Which of the following is associated with bulimia?

A) Excessive weight loss
B) Cessation of menstration
C) Schizophrenia
D) Depression

Question 56

What percentage of high school students in the U.S. have seriously considered suicide?

A) 1%
B) 5%
C) 15%
D) 25%

Question 57

Piaget, through his fourth stage, believed that adolescence is the time when children's main task is to learn which of the following?

A) To think abstractly
B) To use concrete operations in new ways
C) Choose an adult career
D) Develop peer relationships

Question 58

Of the following, which would be the LEAST effective strategy for parents who want to prevent children from smoking?

A) Provide a parental model for non-smoking
B) Discuss beliefs about the morality of smoking
C) Punish teens who are found to be smoking
D) Establish family rules against substance use

Question 59

What is Piaget's fourth stage of cognitive development?

A) Concrete operations
B) Preoperational
C) Post-operational
D) Formal operations

Question 60

Thomas has been transgendered for as long as he can remember. He has begun living full time as Trina and has started taking hormone supplements. Trina plans to have gender reassignment surgery next year. Which of the following terms best describes Trina?

A) Transgendered
B) Homosexual
C) Queer
D) Transsexual

Question 61

When surveyed, ________% of U.S. 11th grade females reported recent sexual activity.

Question 62

The first ejaculation in boys is called ________.

Question 63

The first major brain growth spurt in adolescence occurs between the ages of ________.

Question 64

Which of the following is a component of adolescent egocentrism, according to Elkind?

A) Hypothetical-inductive reasoning
B) Self-biography
C) Concrete thinking
D) The personal fable

Question 65

Which statement best describes the transition from elementary school to high school?

A) Students experience losses in academic achievement and self-esteem.
B) Students generally have a smooth transition and easy adaptation to different demands of a new educational environment.
C) Students establish higher personal standards and goals for success.
D) Students have increased competence and self-efficacy.

Question 66

Which of the following best explains what shapes girls' desire to take advanced math and science classes?

A) Their own abilities and belief in the acceptability of these subjects for girls
B) The encouragement they receive from their parents to pursue these fields
C) The encouragement they receive from their teachers to take these courses
D) The acceptance they receive from their peers if they choose these types of courses

Question 67

What percentage of U.S. high school students receive a diploma?

A) 50%
B) 65%
C) 90%
D) 95%

Question 68

DeShaun wants to learn calculus so he can become an engineer. He is motivated by which type of goal?

A) Ability
B) Metacognitive
C) Hypothetical
D) Task

Question 69

Girls who are sexually active are also more likely to have experienced early ________.

Question 70

Fourteen-year-old Muhammed won a contest sponsored by the local newspaper to celebrate a championship basketball game. The object of the contest was to determine how many words could be made from the word "score." Which newly developed ability of formal operational thought would have been most helpful to Muhammed?

A) The ability to reason about objects or situations not previously seen or experienced
B) The ability to search systematically and methodologically for the solutions to a problem
C) The ability to use ethical principles for decision-making
D) The ability to start with a theory and a prediction and arrive at a conclusion

Question 71

Charlene has achieved formal operational thought and is about to attempt Piaget's pendulum task. What can she do that she was UNABLE to do when she was still in the concrete operations stage?

A) Formulate an approach to the task
B) Try out varying combinations of height, weight, force, and length
C) Measure the length of the string, the height of the pendulum, and the weight of the object
D) Evaluate the effects of multiple factors in systematic, methodical fashion

Question 72

According to your text, high school students perform better than elementary school students in memory task experiments because they

A) can apply previously learned memory strategies to the new task.
B) pay closer attention to the task.
C) are more motivated.
D) are more mature and therefore more goal-oriented.

Question 73

Which of the following is the best example of a child who has ability goals for academic achievement?

A) Julia loves to cook and wants to open her own restaurant.
B) Darren wants to do another biology project on fruit flies because he learned so much on his first project.
C) Cindy hopes to score higher on her college entrance exam than any of her brothers and sisters.
D) Eduardo hopes his computer teacher will let him learn Java computer programming language for his final project.

Question 74

Changes in sexual maturity which occur during puberty are referred to as ________ sex characteristics.

Question 75

Which of the following best summarizes the research of Brown and Day regarding text learning in adolescence?

A) The ability to summarize a text at the age of 18 is not much different than at the age of 13.
B) Overall, students in U.S. high schools are unable to summarize and comprehend their reading assignments.
C) The ability to summarize a text improves gradually during the second half of adolescence.
D) Sixteen-year-olds are likely to use only the first and third rules when writing summaries.

Question 76

Which of the following correlates with dropping out of high school?

A) Child's height and weight
B) Risk-taking behavior
C) Being an only child
D) Gender

Question 77

If Marla wants to be the best clarinet player in the band, she is motivated by which type of goal?

A) Ability
B) Extrinsic
C) Inductive
D) Task

Question 78

Which of the following is an accurate statement about adolescents' development of formal operational thinking?

A) Formal operational reasoning enables adolescents to understand figurative language, such as metaphors.
B) An adolescent's decision-making can include here-and-now factors but not future possibilities.
C) Nearly all adolescents are engaged in formal operational thinking by the twelfth grade.
D) Higher education is of little use in the development of formal operational thinking.

Question 79

Whenever Jean walks by a mirror or any reflective surface he stops to make sure that his hair looks good and that his clothes look acceptable to his peers. Which principle is at work here?

A) Piaget's theory of centration
B) Elkind's theory of the imaginary audience
C) Elkind's theory of formal operations
D) Piaget's theory of deductive logic

Question 80

According to your text, which of the following is a factor that influence adolescent adjustment to secondary school?

A) Middle schools' de-emphasis on ability grouping
B) The emphasis in middle schools on self-efficacy
C) A lack of goal orientation in the individual adolescent
D) The perception that the teachers and the school are impersonal and unsupportive