Deck 19: Death Dying and Bereavement

Question 1

In which type of hospice programs are family caregivers supported by specially trained health care workers?

A) Home-based
B) Filial-oriented
C) Hospital-based
D) Assisted-living facility-based

Answer 1

Home-based

Question 2

Roger has AIDS. He hates hospitals and the antiseptic quality of any institution. He wants to die at home with his family around him, making whatever decisions must be made. Which of the following would be a good alternative for Roger to consider?

A) An assisted living facility
B) Kaliai care
C) Hospice care
D) Nursing home care

Answer 2

Hospice care

Question 3

Which of the following would NOT serve to speed up a child's understanding of death?

A) Experiencing the death of a close friend or family member
B) Reading a story in which a character dies
C) Finding a dead animal
D) Talking about death in the absence of any direct experience

Answer 3

Talking about death in the absence of any direct experience

Question 4

Which of the following most accurately characterizes what a child younger than five years of age would understand or believe about death?

A) That death is permanent
B) That death is reversible
C) That death is tragic
D) That death is universal

Question 5

Which of the following is an approach to caring for the terminally ill that focuses on individual and family control over the process of dying?

A) DNR
B) Hospice care
C) Skilled nursing
D) Home-health

Question 6

Which form of death has occurred in circumstances where rescue is still possible even though there is no evidence of brain function, the heart has stopped, and breathing has stopped?

A) Brain death
B) Clinical death
C) Cardiovascular death
D) Biological death

Question 7

In which country did hospice care originate?

A) The United States
B) Germany
C) The Netherlands
D) England

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of the philosophy behind hospice care?

A) The patient should actively fight death by avoiding pain medications and using all measures to prolong life.
B) The patient and the family should prepare by talking openly and planning for after the death.
C) The family should be involved in the patient's care as much as possible.
D) The patient and the family should control decisions about the patient's care and treatment.

Question 9

What would be the most likely age of a child who said, "My cat died, but if I get her some medicine, she will feel better tomorrow?"

A) 5 years
B) 7 years
C) 9 years
D) 11 years

Question 10

In the United States and other industrialized countries, where do most adults die?

A) At home
B) In a hospice
C) In a hospital
D) In a nursing home

Question 11

A child's understanding of the permanence of death correlates with which stage of Piaget's theory?

A) Preoperational
B) Post-formal
C) Concrete operations
D) Formal operations

Question 12

Which of the following terms explains a young adult's belief that she is too lucky to die, even though she knows that death can happen to other people?

A) A borderline personality disorder
B) Denial
C) Egocentrism
D) Unique invulnerability

Question 13

When Darius stopped breathing, his eyes were still open. The nurse closed his eyes and pulled the bed sheet over his head. These activities marked which of the following?

A) Social death
B) Clinical death
C) Brain death
D) Psychological death

Question 14

Which of the following contributes to adolescent suicidal behavior?

A) The understanding that death is inevitable
B) Unrealistic ideas about personal death
C) The death of a close relative
D) An understanding of the universality of death

Question 15

In which of the following would you find a small number of patients who are cared for by specially trained health care workers in a home-like setting?

A) Hospital-based programs
B) Hospice centers
C) Home-based programs
D) Assisted living programs

Question 16

In the U.S., the U.K., and Western Europe, what percentage of deaths take place in the decedent's home?

A) 25%
B) 30%
C) 45%
D) 50%

Question 17

According to research, which of the following attitudes was commonly reported by the loved ones of a terminally ill patient who chose a home-based hospice program?

A) They reported relief at having their loved one home.
B) They reported feeling a greater sense of burden.
C) They responded no differently than those whose loved one died in a hospital-based hospice program.
D) The reported greater satisfaction at the quality of care.

Question 18

Which form of death has occurred in circumstances where there is no electrical activity in the brain and the person no longer has reflexes or responds to vigorous external stimuli?

A) Brain death
B) Cerebral death
C) Cortical death
D) Neural death

Question 19

Which type of care focuses on relieving a terminally ill patient's pain, rather than curing the illness?

A) Merciful
B) Palliative
C) Hospital
D) euthanasia

Question 20

What circumstances permit the determination that a person is legally dead?

A) When there is no electrical activity in the brain and the person no longer has reflexes or responds to vigorous external stimuli
B) When resuscitation is possible even though there is no evidence of brain function or respiration, and the heart has stopped
C) When the brain stem is dead and there is no independent body functioning
D) When a physician pronounces the person to be dead

Question 21

A dying person who says "Why me? This isn't fair!" is in which stage of psychological preparation for death, according to Elizabeth Kübler-Ross?

A) Anger
B) Denial
C) Depression
D) Rejection

Question 22

All of the following are typical aspects of preparation for death in late adulthood EXCEPT

A) taking practical steps, such as making a will or preparations for burial.
B) reminiscence.
C) making arrangements for assisted suicide or other forms of euthanasia.
D) an accentuation of personality characteristics such as conventionality, dependency, and warmth.

Question 23

When faced with impending death, which of the following groups would most likely want to spend time with loved ones?

A) White Americans
B) Mexican Americans
C) African Americans
D) Japanese Americans

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement about the fear of death?

A) Old age is the time when death is most feared.
B) Older adults fear the period of uncertainty before death, such as whether they will be able to cope with the loss of control and independence.
C) Researchers have found that adults who are deeply religious and adults who are totally irreligious may fear death less than those who are ambivalent about a religious or philosophical tradition.
D) Adults who believe their lives have had purpose or meaning appear to be less fearful of death.

Question 25

Who does research suggest would be most afraid to die?

A) 45-year-old Melissa
B) 55-year-old Mark
C) 65-year-old Mrs. Green
D) 75-year-old Mr. Clinton

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a stage in Elizabeth Kübler-Ross's model of the psychological preparations for death?

A) Acceptance
B) Anger
C) Bargaining
D) Preparation

Question 27

For most adults, which of the following is the most significant meaning of death?

A) Transition
B) Loss
C) Punishment
D) Renewal

Question 28

Britt knows that he is dying. "I will donate a large sum of money to cancer research if I can just live long enough to see my grandchild born," he pleaded. Britt is most likely in which stage of dying, according to Kübler-Ross?

A) Accommodation
B) Acceptance
C) Bargaining
D) Denial

Question 29

Jason is a 26-year-old professional basketball player. One of his teammates died suddenly during a recent playoff game. Which of the following best exemplifies how Jason is likely to react to the unexpected death of his teammate?

A) Jason is likely to take it in stride and spend little time thinking about or grieving over the loss of his teammate.
B) Jason is likely to look for reasons to explain why his teammate died so as to feel less threatened or vulnerable.
C) Since Jason's relationship with his teammate was non-familial, he is likely to feel less threatened by it than if it were a family member who had died.
D) Since Jason is a young adult, his sense of unique invulnerability will protect him from being overly concerned about the death of his teammate.

Question 30

Which of the following age groups is LEAST likely to make a change in lifestyle in response to a hypothetical impending death?

A) 16 - 20
B) 20 - 39
C) 40 - 59
D) 60+

Question 31

With regard to death, older adults are most likely to fear which of the following?

A) The uncertainty before death, such as where they will die and who will care for them
B) That important issues will be unresolved or projects will not be completed
C) Loss of their roles and relationships
D) Pain or discomfort often associated with death

Question 32

Which of the following would be the most likely response if a young adult were asked how she would want to spend the remaining months of her life?

A) "I would attempt to tie up loose ends such as making plans for my burial."
B) "I would finish important projects and leave my affairs in order for my family."
C) "I would meditate and pray."
D) "I would spend time traveling and having adventures with my family and friends."

Question 33

How does thinking about time change in middle adulthood?

A) Time seems to move faster than it did in young adulthood
B) Time seems to move slower than it did in young adulthood
C) Thinking in terms of years rather than decades
D) Thinking in terms of time until death rather than time since birth

Question 34

According to research, who would be least afraid to die?

A) 17-year-old Susan
B) 45-year-old Mr. James
C) 60-year-old Mrs. Washington
D) 75-year-old Mr. Jackson

Question 35

Reece was told that he has cancer and will likely not survive surgery. His response was to laugh and tell the doctor that he had the wrong guy -- Reece felt fine! Reece's response fits with which stage of Kübler-Ross's theory?

A) Preparation
B) Denial
C) Bargaining
D) Acceptance

Question 36

Which of the following would be the most likely response if an adult older than the age of 60 were asked how he would spend the remaining months of his life?

A) "I would tie up the loose ends of my business affairs and talk to my lawyer about my will."
B) "I would travel and spend time with my friends and family."
C) "I would meditate and try to find peace and acceptance within myself."
D) "I would do all the wild and crazy things that I have always wanted to do."

Question 37

Which of the following is a common belief about death among the Kaliai people in New Guinea?

A) The belief that deaths are caused by a person or spirit whom the dying person has offended in some way
B) The belief that death is never to be discussed
C) The belief that it is very important to say farewell to friends and family
D) The belief that death releases the soul from the entrapments of the physical body so that it can continue to grow

Question 38

Which of the following is typical of a young adult when asked to estimate their life expectancy?

A) They tend to overestimate their life expectancy.
B) They tend to underestimate their life expectancy.
C) They are usually accurate within one or two years.
D) They are more likely to overestimate their life expectancy than are adolescents.

Question 39

Jerilyn is in the early stages of an inoperable cancer. She has prepared a signed and witnessed written document directing her family not to allow any artificial or heroic steps to be taken in the event that she is unable to make her wishes known at the appropriate time. What is this document called?

A) Power of attorney
B) Executive trust
C) Living trust
D) Living will

Question 40

Which group is LEAST likely to make any changes if they thought they were going to die?

A) African Americans
B) Japanese Americans
C) Mexican Americans
D) White Americans

Question 41

An individual who says, "I'm looking forward to seeing my loved ones in heaven" is most likely in which stage of dying, according to Elizabeth Kübler-Ross?

A) Denial
B) Acceptance
C) Depression
D) Terminal

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT one of the tasks of dying proposed by Charles Corr?

A) Satisfying bodily needs
B) Maximizing familial interdependence
C) Minimizing physical stress
D) Sustaining and enhancing significant personal attachments

Question 43

Which of the following is true regarding a person who has had a heart attack?

A) Those with an attitude of stoic acceptance are least likely to have a second heart attack.
B) The majority of people over the age of 75 will die from their first heart attack.
C) Those who do not go through Kübler-Ross's stages of dying are not likely to have a second heart attack.
D) Those who live alone are more likely to have a second heart attack than those who live with someone else.

Question 44

While Sanders suggests that the final stage of grief is healing and renewal, Bowlby believes it is

A) reorganization.
B) culmination.
C) reverence.
D) acceptance.

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of grief proposed by Catherine Sanders?

A) Awareness of loss
B) Conservation/withdrawal
C) Healing and renewal
D) Life review and reminiscence

Question 46

Which of the following are two major criticisms of Kübler-Ross's theory of dying?

A) Her claim that these processes are universal and gender specific
B) Her methodology and her claim that people of all ages react the same
C) Her claim that religiosity is tied to the five stages and that persons of non-Christian religions will react differently
D) Her methodology and her claim that these processes are culturally universal

Question 47

According to the research conducted by Greer, which of the following groups had the longest survival rates from a terminal illness?

A) Those whose attitude was stoic acceptance
B) Those whose attitude was denial or a fighting spirit
C) Those whose attitude was quiet resignation
D) Those whose attitude was anger

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT included in the stages of grief proposed by John Bowlby?

A) Disorganization and despair
B) Denial
C) Numbness
D) Yearning

Question 49

Which of the following concepts did Freud believe to be most useful for coping with death and grief?

A) Defense mechanisms
B) Regression
C) The unconscious
D) Fixation

Question 50

When an individual rejects evidence about a diagnosis and/or insists that surgery was just precautionary, Greer and others suggest this is

A) Helplessness/hopelessness
B) Minimization
C) Denial (Positive avoidance)
D) Anxious preoccupation

Question 51

Lowell has just lost his wife to cancer. He dreams of her often and even thinks that he sees her at the grocery store or on the street. He cries frequently. In which stage of grief is Lowell according to Bowlby?

A) Yearning
B) Awareness
C) Shock
D) Healing

Question 52

When Barry was told he had lung cancer, he just resigned himself to the idea that he would die. He didn't really seem to be in denial, he just made no attempt to seek a cure, believing that his diagnosis "is what it is." Greer and others would suggest that Barry's attitude is which of the following?

A) Stoic acceptance
B) Helplessness/hopelessness
C) Depression
D) Fighting spirit

Question 53

What is thanatology?

A) The study of brain function during death
B) The belief in life after death
C) The religious view that death is a transitional state
D) The scientific study of death and dying

Question 54

Kathy has breast cancer. She has kept a positive attitude and has been doing research to learn more about her type of cancer. She readily tells her doctors that she is going to fight with everything she has to beat her cancer. Greer and other researchers would suggest that Kathy has which of the following?

A) Fighting spirit
B) Helplessness/hopelessness
C) Stoic acceptance (fatalism)
D) A realistic attitude

Question 55

Charles has recently learned that he is terminally ill. He has since begun to lash out at his family and at the medical personnel involved in his care. Kübler-Ross would suggest that this behavior can be explained by which of the following?

A) A wish to punish others and make them feel pain, too
B) A loss of control and sense of helplessness
C) Cognitive changes brought on by the stress of the situation
D) Interactions between medications

Question 56

Which of the following would best characterize the first stage of grieving, called "numbness" by Bowlby and "shock" by Catherine Sanders?

A) Disorientation
B) Hope
C) Anxiety
D) Reminiscence

Question 57

Lowell has just lost his wife to cancer. He dreams of her often and even thinks that he sees her at the grocery store or on the street. He cries frequently. In which stage of grief is Lowell according to Sanders?

A) Shock
B) Awareness
C) Withdrawal
D) Yearning

Question 58

Which two defense mechanisms have been useful in helping children cope with dying?

A) Denial and regression
B) Displacement and repression
C) Sublimation and identification
D) Regression and reaction formation

Question 59

While Bowlby suggests that the first stage of grief is numbness, Sanders suggests that it is which of the following?

A) Denial
B) Anger
C) Anxiety
D) Shock

Question 60

According to Kübler-Ross, what is the purpose of reactions such as denial or bargaining?

A) These reactions are barriers to intrusive social support.
B) These reactions can be a source of energy or fighting spirit.
C) These responses are defense mechanisms that aid the person in coping with the reality of impending death.
D) These responses are a person's private mourning rituals.

Question 61

When vital signs are absent but resuscitation is still possible it is called ________.

Question 62

Which of the following circumstances of death would be likely to elicit the most intense grief responses, possibly including post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, from survivors?

A) A child dies after being terminally ill for many months
B) An elderly parent dies in her sleep
C) A 55-year-old man dies following his third heart attack
D) A 28-year-old woman is murdered

Question 63

The young adult equivalent of adolescent personal fables is ________.

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT a function fulfilled by death rituals?

A) To help family members manage their grief by giving them a set of roles to play
B) To help family members stay active and involved and therefore forget or ignore their grief
C) To renew family relationships
D) To give meaning to death itself by placing it in a philosophical or religious context

Question 65

________ care is administered to control pain and maximize comfort.

Question 66

What is the common feeling during the stage of grief called "yearning" by Bowlby and "awareness of loss" by Catherine Sanders?

A) Anger
B) Denial
C) Hope
D) Withdrawal

Question 67

At the beginning of ________ operations, children begin to understand the permanence and universality of death.

Question 68

Which of the following is a condition that can occur if a grieving individual experiences depression-like symptoms, such as loss of appetite, for more than two months following the loss of a loved one?

A) Borderline personality disorder
B) Geriatric dysthymia
C) Pathological grief
D) Post-traumatic stress disorder

Question 69

Men of which religious faith do not shave or trim their beards for 30 days after the death of a family member?

A) Amish
B) Mennonite
C) Orthodox Jew
D) Greek Orthodox

Question 70

One of your employees has just lost his spouse. What can you do to assist your employee and benefit yourself and your business in the long-run?

A) Take up a collection to buy flowers for the funeral of the deceased
B) Encourage your employee to return to work as soon as possible in order to help them get on with their life
C) Attend the funeral of her husband to show your support
D) Give your employee enough time off to sufficiently grieve

Question 71

Which of the following is true regarding the absent pattern of grief?

A) This pattern of grief is very unhealthy and typically has severe negative consequences.
B) The person feels little or no notable distress at any time following a death.
C) This pattern is the healthiest form of grief because it indicates rapid and complete psychological adjustment to the loss.
D) This pattern is associated with increased mortality of survivors.

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT a pattern of grieving identified by Wortman and Silver?

A) Absent
B) Chronic
C) Delayed
D) Committed

Question 73

_______________ is the point at which vital signs, including brain activity, are absent and resuscitation is no longer possible.

Question 74

Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement about sex differences in widowhood?

A) In the early months of widowhood, men are more likely than women to die from either natural causes or suicide.
B) Women have a more difficult time than men do in returning to the level of emotional functioning they exhibited prior to their spouse's death.
C) Suicidal thoughts are more common in widowers than in widows.
D) Research reveals that widowers withdraw from social activities to a greater degree than widows do in the early months of bereavement.

Question 75

How does Jacob's model of grieving differ from those proposed by the other theorists in your text?

A) It proposes more than one emotion or feeling in each of its stages.
B) It follows a linear perspective while the other theorists follow a stage perspective.
C) It proposes that at any given moment many different emotions or themes may be present.
D) It is composed of seven stages instead of the usual four or five.

Question 76

Which of the following would be more at risk for prolonged grief or the development of long-term grief-related problems?

A) 8 year-old Billy, who knew his dog was ill and in danger of dying
B) 16 year-old Susan, whose mother died
C) 45 year-old Mr. Johnson, whose mother died of breast cancer
D) 65 year-old Mrs. Carter, whose husband died

Question 77

Which of the following does research suggest is the most difficult death to recover from?

A) The death of a child
B) The death of a parent
C) The death of a sibling
D) The death of a spouse

Question 78

For most adults, ________ is the most significant meaning of death.

Question 79

It is believed that widowhood has both immediate and long-term effects on which of the following?

A) The cardiovascular system
B) The immune system
C) Hormone production of the endocrine system
D) The nervous system

Question 80

Following the loss of his life partner, Joel has decided to move to Florida and pursue a graduate degree. According to the dual-process model in which emotional state is Joel?

A) Confrontation
B) Absent
C) Restoration
D) Denial