Deck 1: The Ordeal of Reconstruction, 1865-1877

Question 1

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​moderate Republicans

Answer 1

Answers will vary. ​

Question 2

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Alexander Stephens

Answer 2

Answers will vary. ​

Question 3

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Wade-Davis Bill

Answer 3

Answers will vary. ​

Question 4

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Charles Sumner

Question 5

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Andrew Johnson

Question 6

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Freedmen's Bureau

Question 7

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
sharecropping

Question 8

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
10 percent Reconstructionplan

Question 9

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
radical Republicans

Question 10

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Civil Rights Bill

Question 11

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Oliver O. Howard

Question 12

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Fourteenth Amendment

Question 13

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Thaddeus Stevens

Question 14

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​Pacific Railroad Act

Question 15

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​Edwin M. Stanton

Question 16

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
William Seward

Question 17

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​Benjamin Wade

Question 18

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​Hiram Revels

Question 19

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Black Codes

Question 20

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
"Exodusters"

Question 21

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Ku Klux Klan

Question 22

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Reconstruction Act

Question 23

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Force Acts

Question 24

Freedom for Southern blacks at the end of the Civil War

A) occurred immediately with the Emancipation Proclamation.
B) caused large numbers to migrate immediately after the war to the big cities in the South to search for work opportunities.
C) caused whole communities of Southern blacks from Louisiana, Texas, and Mississippi to migrate westward to territories and states such as Kansas for better job opportunities.
D) was achieved without the use of Union soldiers.
E) meant that the church would not become the focus of black community life.

Question 25

For Southern blacks, emancipation following the Civil War meant all of the following except

A) the ability to search for lost family.
B) the right to get married.
C) the opportunity to form their own churches.
D) the opportunity for an education.
E) maintenance in the status quo anteof the social behavior and personal relations between white Southerners and freed blacks.

Question 26

The fate of the defeated Confederate leaders was that

A) most were sentenced to prison for life.
B) several were executed for treason.
C) after brief jail terms, all were pardoned in 1868.
D) they were immediately returned to citizenship and full civil rights.
E) many went into exile in slaveholding Brazil.

Question 27

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
"radical" regimes

Question 28

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
"Seward's Folly"

Question 29

In 1865, following the conclusion of the Civil War,

A) Southern whites quickly admitted they had been wrong in trying to secede and win Southern independence.
B) Southern whites rapidly turned their slaves into fairly paid, free labor employees.
C) Southern blacks uniformly turned in anger and revenge against their former masters.
D) Southern blacks often began traveling to test their freedom, search for family members, and seek economic opportunity.
E) Southern blacks looked to the federal government for help.

Question 30

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Fifteenth Amendment

Question 31

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​Union League

Question 32

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Tenure of Office Act

Question 33

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Ex parte Milligan

Question 34

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​Woman's Loyal League

Question 35

In the postwar South

A) the economy and social structure was utterly devastated.
B) the emancipation of slaves had surprisingly little economic consequence.
C) the much-feared inflation never materialized.
D) industry and transportation were damaged, but Southern agriculture continued to flourish.
E) poorer whites benefited from the end of plantation slavery.

Question 36

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Redeemers

Question 37

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
carpetbaggers

Question 38

All of the following reveal the various ways southern blacks responded to the prospect of emancipation except

A) some slaves remained loyal to plantation masters and resisted the liberating Union armies.
B) some slaves insisted that whites address them as "Mr." or "Mrs."
C) some slaves beat former masters with the same whips formerly used on them.
D) some slaves claimed sections of plantation land as their own.
E) some slaves were suspicious about whether masters were really freeing them.

Question 39

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
scalawags

Question 40

At the end of the Civil War, many white Southerners

A) came to view secession and the Civil War as a tragic mistake.
B) were ready to plan a future uprising against the United States.
C) declared themselves citizens of their states but not of the United States.
D) enthusiastically adopted the federal government in Washington, D.C. as "our government."
E) still believed that their view of secession was correct and their cause was just.

Question 41

The white South viewed the Freedmen's Bureau as

A) a meddlesome federal agency that threatened to upset white racial dominance.
B) an agency acceptable only because it also helped poor whites.
C) a valued partner in rebuilding the South.
D) more helpful in the North than the South.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 42

The first and only ex-Confederate state to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment in 1866 and thus be immediately readmitted to the Union under congressional Reconstruction was

A) Virginia.
B) Georgia.
C) North Carolina.
D) Tennessee.
E) West Virginia.

Question 43

As a politician, Andrew Johnson developed a reputation as a(n)

A) supporter of the planter aristocrats.
B) opponent of slavery.
C) inspiring and calmly eloquent speaker.
D) champion of the poor whites.
E) secret Confederate sympathizer.

Question 44

From 1878 to 1880, some twenty-five thousand blacks from Louisiana, Texas, and Mississippi, known as "the Exodusters", were

A) black church leaders who linked emancipation to the Book of Exodus.
B) black migrants from the South to Northern cities.
C) black freedmen who left the South to seek opportunity in Kansas.
D) a political organization developed by the freedmen.
E) black homesteaders in Oklahoma and Kansas who eventually fled the dust bowl.

Question 45

To many Northerners, the Black Codes seemed to indicate that

A) the transition to black freedom would be easy.
B) blacks were unable to manage the transition to freedom autonomously.
C) the Civil War had been worth the sacrifice.
D) presidential Reconstruction was working effectively and swiftly.
E) the arrogant South was acting as if the North had not really won the Civil War and the North had sacrificed its young men in vain.

Question 46

For congressional Republicans, one of the most troubling aspects of the Southern states' quick restoration to the Union was that

A) with the black population fully counted, the South would be stronger than ever in national politics and Democrats could possibly regain control of Congress in the near future.
B) President Johnson would likely be defeated in the 1868 presidential election.
C) the majority white South might be represented by black Congressmen.
D) a high tariff might be reinstituted.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 47

The Black Codes provided for all of the following except

A) a ban on jury service by blacks.
B) a restriction against black migration from the South.
C) a bar on blacks from renting land.
D) punishment of blacks for idleness.
E) fines for blacks who jumped labor contracts.

Question 48

The greatest achievements of the Freedmen's Bureau were in

A) providing "forty acres and a mule" to freed blacks.
B) educating former slaves.
C) the provision of food and clothing.
D) helping people to find employment at fair wages and decent working conditions in the South.
E) securing black civil rights, preventing lynchings, and ensuring voting rights.

Question 49

President Johnson's plan for Reconstruction

A) differed radically from Lincoln's.
B) guaranteed former slaves the right to vote.
C) required that all former Confederate states ratify the Fourteenth Amendment.
D) abolished literacy tests for voting in the South.
E) aimed at swift restoration of the Southern states after a few moderate political conditions were met by the Southern states.

Question 50

____ believed that the Southern states had completely left the Union and were therefore, "conquered provinces" that had to seek readmission on whatever economic and political terms Congress demanded.

A) War Democrats
B) The Supreme Court
C) President Lincoln
D) President Johnson
E) Congressional radical Republicans

Question 51

In President Andrew Johnson's view, the Freedmen's Bureau was

A) a flawed but necessary agency.
B) acceptable only because it also helped poor whites.
C) a tolerable compromise with the radical Congress.
D) a potential source of Republican patronage jobs.
E) a meddlesome federal agency in the Souththat should be killed.

Question 52

The Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed

A) citizenship and civil rights to freed slaves.
B) land for former slaves.
C) voting rights for former Confederates who had previously served in the U.S. Army.
D) freed slaves the right to vote.
E) education to former slaves.

Question 53

All of the following are true statements about the Black Codes except

A) blacks were forced to work under labor contracts for little money for one year.
B) blacks who fled their employers could be dragged back to work by a paid "Negro-catcher."
C) they restricted the conditions under which blacks could legally marry.
D) blacks who fled could be made to forfeit back wages or hired out to pay their fines.
E) they were designed to reproduce the master-slave relationship after slavery was abolished.

Question 54

The Exodusters' westward mass migration finally faltered when

A) homesteading on the Great Plains proved more difficult than expected.
B) a massive, extended drought covered the Great Plains in in the late 1870s.
C) steamboat captains refused to transport more former slaves across the Mississippi.
D) white Kansans passed strict segregation laws.
E) the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the Constitution were finally ratified.

Question 55

Andrew Johnson had been put on Lincoln's ticket as vice president in his second term

A) because Lincoln's first vice president, Hannibal Hamlin, had displayed southern sympathies.
B) to appeal to War Democrats and pro-Union southerners.
C) as a safe choice in case Lincoln died in office.
D) as a poor white who balanced Lincoln's aristocratic background.
E) to appeal to Union soldiers and radical Republicans.

Question 56

The political controversy surrounding the Wade-Davis Bill and the readmission of the Confederate states to the Union demonstrated

A) the deep differences between President Lincoln and Congress concerning the political conditions and terms of Reconstruction.
B) the close ties that were developing between President Lincoln and the Democrats over Reconstruction issues.
C) President Lincoln's desire for a harsh Reconstruction plan.
D) that a Congressional majority believed that the South had never legally left the Union.
E) the Republicans' division about whether readmitting the Confederate states to the Union was wise, regardless of the stringent readmission conditions specified in the Wade-Davis legislation.

Question 57

The Freedmen's Bureau was established to do all of the following except

A) act as a kind of welfare agency.
B) provide food, clothing, and medical care to slave refugees.
C) settle former slaves with forty-acre tracts confiscated from Confederates.
D) relocate blacks West or force them into labor contracts with former masters.
E) provide education that would help close the gap between blacks and whites.

Question 58

The incident that caused the clash between Congress and President Johnson to explode into the open in February 1866 was

A) passage of the Pacific Railroad Act.
B) the creation of the sharecropping system.
C) the attempt to pass the Fourteenth Amendment.
D) the South's regaining control of the Senate.
E) Johnson's veto of the bill to extend the Freedmen's Bureau.

Question 59

In his 10 percent plan for Reconstruction, President Lincoln promised

A) rapid, straightforward, and readily achievablereadmission of Southern states into the Union.
B) former slaves the right to vote.
C) the restoration of the planter aristocracy to political power.
D) severe punishment of Southern political and military leaders.
E) a plan that could not possibly lead to congressional fears of the reenslavement of Southern blacks.

Question 60

The main purpose of the Black Codes was to

A) guarantee freedom for the blacks.
B) ensure a stable and subservient labor supply.
C) prevent interracial sex and marriage.
D) prevent blacks from becoming sharecroppers.
E) create a system of justice for ex-slaves.

Question 61

Even though the Force Acts and the Union Army helped suppress the Ku Klux Klan, the secret organization largely achieved its central goal of

A) driving the Union Army out of the South.
B) preventing blacks from migrating to the West or North.
C) keeping white carpetbaggers from voting.
D) intimidating blacks and undermining them politically.
E) destroying the Freedmen's Bureau.

Question 62

The root cause of the battle between Congress and President Andrew Johnson was

A) Johnson's personal vulgarity and crude style of campaigning.
B) the president's former ownership of slaves.
C) Johnson's "soft" conciliatory treatment of the white South clashed with the congressional emphasis of promoting black freedom and racial equality in the South by many Republicans in Congress.
D) Johnson's "class-based" policies that favored poor whites over the white planter and manufacturing classes.
E) Johnson's underlying loyalty to the Democratic party.

Question 63

A primary motive for the formation of the Ku Klux Klan was

A) hostility to the growing practice of interracial sexual relations and marriage.
B) anger at the corruption in Reconstruction legislatures.
C) the southern desire to instigate guerrilla warfare against the occupying U.S. Army.
D) political disenfranchisement experienced by poor whites in the South.
E) white resistance in the South to constitutional and federal legislative attempts to empower blacks politically and challenge white supremacy.

Question 64

Radical Reconstruction state governments in the South

A) were uniformly incompetent and and accomplished little in the way of social reforms or economic development.
B) passed much desirable legislation and badly needed reforms such as establishing adequate public schools and launching public works.
C) were significantlymore corrupt than Northern state governments.
D) had all of their social and economic reforms repealed by the all-white "redeemer governments" in the South
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 65

Many feminist leaders were deeply disappointed with the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments because they

A) gave white women but not black women the right to vote.
B) failed to give women the right to serve on juries.
C) contained restrictions on ex-Confederates but not on male supremacists.
D) failed to define what constituted equal national citizenship.
E) gave national citizenship rights and voting rights to African American males but not to white or black women.

Question 66

The Ku Klux Klan could best be described as

A) an open political organization seeking to revive the Confederacy.
B) the military arm of the southern Democratic party.
C) a civic reform and service organization.
D) a movement for openly protesting northern oppression.
E) a secret terrorist organization seeking to subjugate and terrorize blacks in the South through violent means.

Question 67

During Reconstruction, African American women in the South assumed new political roles, which included all of the following except

A) participating in black church life.
B) monitoring state constitutional conventions.
C) participating in political rallies.
D) organizing mass meetings.
E) voting in state and local elections.

Question 68

The Fourteenth Amendment

A) failed to confer any civil rights, including citizenship on the freedmen.
B) prohibited from federal and state office those former Confederates who as federal officeholders had once sworn to uphold the U.S. Constitution.
C) guaranteed the freedmen the right to vote.
D) met all the political demands of the radical Republicans.
E) conferred a broad array of civil rights, including voting rights, on white women.

Question 69

The last of the Reconstruction era amendments to pass was the

A) Eighteenth
B) Thirteenth.
C) Fourteenth.
D) Fifteenth.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 70

Radical congressional Reconstruction of the South finally ended when

A) the South accepted the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments.
B) the last federal troops were removed in 1877 and a "solid" Democratic South became politically institutionalized.
C) President Johnson was not reelected in 1868.
D) the Supreme Court ruled in Ex parte Milligan that military tribunals could not try civilians.
E) blacks showed they could defend their civil rights adequately in state courts and legislatures without federal congressional and military intervention.

Question 71

Which of these is not a true statement about women's rights activists during the Civil War and Reconstruction eras?

A) Female activists saw the struggle for black freedom and women's rights as one in the same.
B) During the war, many women's rights leaders worked for black emancipation first and foremost.
C) The Woman's Loyal League collected 400,000 signatures supporting a constitutional amendment ending slavery.
D) Women's rights activists campaigned in support of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments.
E) Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony sought to have the word "sex" added to the Fifteenth Amendment.

Question 72

Johnson's veto of the Civil Rights Bill of 1866 prompted Congress to seek passage of

A) the Thirteenth Amendment.
B) an extension of the Freedmen's Bureau.
C) an act to overturn the Black Codes.
D) the Fourteenth Amendment.
E) articles of impeachment against Johnson.

Question 73

Feminist leaders such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Antony campaigned against Fourteenth Amendment

A) despite having worked wholeheartedly for the cause of emancipation.
B) because a citizen's right to vote was defined constitutionally as being limited to male citizens.
C) despite being urged by their former ally, Frederick Douglass, to support the Fourteenth Amendment in order to enshrine black civil rights into the Constitution.
D) because equal national citizenship was defined in the Constitution as limited to males.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 74

Blacks in the South relied on the Union League to

A) help them escape to the North during the Civil War.
B) provide them with relief payments until the Freedmen's Bureau was established.
C) educate them on their civic duties and campaign for Republican candidates.
D) gain admittance to the Union Army.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 75

Which of the following was not among the functions provided by the black Union League?

A) Educating blacks in their civic duties
B) Campaigning for Republican candidates
C) Helping blacks migrate from the South to the North
D) Building black churches and schools
E) Recruiting militias to protect black communities from white retaliation.

Question 76

In the 1866 congressional elections

A) President Johnson conducted a highly successful "swing around the circle" campaign tour promoting his policies.
B) radicals replaced moderates as the dominant Republican faction in Congress.
C) voters endorsed the Republicancongressional approach to Reconstruction.
D) Republicans lost their majority control of Congress.
E) a substantial number of white southern Republicans were elected to Congress.

Question 77

The goals of the Ku Klux Klan included all of the following except

A) "keep blacks in their place"; that is, subservient to whites.
B) prevent blacks from voting.
C) keep white "carpetbaggers" from voting.
D) support the Force Acts of 1870 and 1871.
E) end radical Reconstruction.

Question 78

Political corruption during Reconstruction was

A) primarily the fault of white carpetbaggers and scalawags.
B) located in the North.
C) common in both North and South.
D) present in all Southern states except South Carolina and Louisiana.
E) almost entirely conducted by blacks.

Question 79

Both moderate and radical Republicans agreed that

A) federal military and political power must be used to bring about a social and economic revolution in the South.
B) blacks should be the foundation of the Southern Republican party.
C) freed slaves must be granted the right to vote.
D) Southern states should quickly be readmitted into the Union.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 80

A group of Kentucky blacks provided what description of the KKK in an 1871 letter to Congress?

A) The KKK members forced blacks to use separate accommodations from whites.
B) The KKK dragged black men to testify positively on behalf of whites.
C) The KKK rode through towns at night, robbing, whipping, ravishing and killing blacks.
D) The KKK had especially targeted black farmers and land-owners.
E) None of these choices are correct.