Deck 12: Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Shadow of War 1933–1941

Question 1

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
totalitarianism

Answer 1

Answers will vary. ​

Question 2

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​George Gallup

Answer 2

Answers will vary. ​

Question 3

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
appeasement

Answer 3

Answers will vary. ​

Question 4

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
isolationism

Question 5

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
London Economic Conference

Question 6

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Winston Churchill

Question 7

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​the St. Louis

Question 8

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Nazi party

Question 9

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Cordell Hull

Question 10

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Adolf Hitler

Question 11

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Josef Goebbels

Question 12

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
fascism

Question 13

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act

Question 14

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​Abraham Lincoln Brigade

Question 15

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Joseph Stalin

Question 16

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Francisco Franco

Question 17

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Charles Lindbergh

Question 18

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Benito Mussolini

Question 19

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Good Neighbor policy

Question 20

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Wendell Willkie

Question 21

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
America First Committee

Question 22

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Battle of Britain

Question 23

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
"Quarantine Speech"

Question 24

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
"merchants of death"

Question 25

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
"phony war"

Question 26

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Nazi-Soviet pact (Hitler-Stalin pact)

Question 27

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Kristallnacht

Question 28

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
invasion of Ethiopia

Question 29

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
the Holocaust

Question 30

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​War Refugee Board

Question 31

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies

Question 32

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
"cash-and-carry basis"

Question 33

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
destroyers-for-bases deal

Question 34

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Japanese militarism and the "China incident" of 1937

Question 35

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Atlantic Charter

Question 36

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Spanish Civil War

Question 37

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Rome-Berlin axis

Question 38

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​Johnson Debt Default Act

Question 39

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937

Question 40

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Munich conference

Question 41

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:
Europe at the Onset of World War II, c. 1939
​

____ The only European nation to pay off its World War I debts to the United States, invaded by the Soviet Union in 1939-1940.

Question 42

As part of his Good Neighbor policy toward Latin America, President Roosevelt developed more generous policies of

A) encouraging Mexican immigration into the United States
B) removing American controls on Haiti, Cuba, and Panama.
C) supporting Latin American strongmen in Argentina and Brazil.
D) returning the Guantanamo naval base to Cuban control.
E) moving Puerto Rico toward its independence.

Question 43

By the mid-1930s, there was strong nationwide agitation for a constitutional amendment to

A) prohibit excessive profits from being made off of arms sales to foreign countries.
B) limit a president to two terms.
C) remove the power to declare from the Congress and grant it to the president.
D) require the president to gain Congressional approval before sending U.S. troops overseas.
E) forbid a declaration of war by Congress unless first approved by a popular referendum.

Question 44

Passage of the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 by the United States resulted in all of the following except

A) abandonment of the traditional policy of freedom of the seas.
B) a decline in the navy and other armed forces.
C) making no distinction between aggressors and victims.
D) spurring aggressors along their path of conquest.
E) balancing the geopolitical and economic scales between Fascist nations and U.S. democratic allies by prohibiting the United States fromtrading with either group of nations.

Question 45

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Pearl Harbor

Question 46

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Lend-Lease Law

Question 47

Throughout most of the 1930s, majorities of the American people responded to the aggressive actions of Germany, Italy, and Japan by

A) pressuring President Roosevelt to provide American military aid to the victims of Fascist aggression.
B) giving generous economic and humanitarian help to the victims of Fascist aggression.
C) advocating the U.S. sign a mutual military defense agreement with Great Britain and France.
D) demanding an oil embargo on all warring nations.
E) retreating further into isolationism.

Question 48

Fascist aggression in the 1930s included Mussolini's invasion of ____, Hitler's invasion of ____, and Franco's overthrow of the republican government of ____.

A) Egypt; France; Poland
B) Albania; Italy; Austria
C) Ethiopia; Czechoslovakia; Spain
D) Belgium; the Soviet Union; France
E) Ethiopia; Norway; Portugal

Question 49

Roosevelt's recognition of the Soviet Union was undertaken partly

A) in order to win support from American Catholics.
B) because the Soviet leadership seemed to be modifying its harsher communist policies.
C) in hope of developing a diplomatic counterweight to the rising power of Japan and Germany.
D) to win favor with American liberals and leftists.
E) to import grain from the Ukraine for Americans left hungry from the Great Depression.

Question 50

The net effect of most of Franklin Roosevelt's foreign policy moves in his first term in office suggested that

A) the United States was developing a strong defense perimeter across the northern Atlantic Ocean.
B) the United States was willing to accommodate Stalin's Soviet Union but not Hitler's Germany.
C) the United States was tilting toward engagement with undeveloped nations rather than with the Western world.
D) the United States was giving up ambitions to be a world power and concentrating on the Western hemisphere.
E) Americans would be economically but not diplomatically engaged with the rest of the world.

Question 51

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:
Europe at the Onset of World War II, c. 1939
​

____ The nation through which German armies twice invaded France in the twentieth century.

Question 52

One internationalist action by Franklin D. Roosevelt in his first term in office was

A) the formal recognition of the Soviet Union.
B) joining the League of Nations.
C) establishing military bases in China.
D) his support of the Tydings-McDuffie Act.
E) his commitment to Philippine independence.

Question 53

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:
Europe at the Onset of World War II, c. 1939
​

____ The nation invaded by Hitler in 1941 despite a formal nonaggression pact signed two years earlier.

Question 54

President Franklin Roosevelt's foreign-trade policy

A) lowered tariffs to increase trade.
B) encouraged trade only with Latin America.
C) continued the policy that had persisted since the Civil War.
D) was reversed only after World War II.
E) sought protection for key U.S. industries through high tariffs with competitive European and Latin American countries.

Question 55

Franklin Roosevelt undermined the London Economic Conference because

A) its members insisted on rigid adherence to the gold standard.
B) any agreement to stabilize national currencies might hurt America's recovery from the Great Depression.
C) such an agreement would involve the United States militarily with the League of Nations.
D) the delegates refused to work on reviving international trade.
E) it was dominated by British and Swiss bankers.

Question 56

In promising to grant the Philippines independence, the United States was

A) motivated by treaty obligations.
B) providing the Philippines with long-term economic terms and assistance necessary to assure a smooth transition to political independence.
C) acknowledging the view of the U.S. Navy that the islands were militarily indefensible.
D) providing tacit encouragement to Japanese militarists who eyed the Philippines as a target for their imperialist ambitions in Asia and the Pacific.
E) acknowledging an official U.S. government apology for America's imperialist takeover of the islands in 1898.

Question 57

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:
Europe at the Onset of World War II, c. 1939
​

____ The nation that, when invaded in 1939, touched off the formal onset of World War II.

Question 58

As a result of Franklin Roosevelt's withdrawal from the London Economic Conference

A) inflation in the United States was reduced.
B) the United States was voted out of the League of Nations.
C) tensions rose between the United States and Britain.
D) the United States began to pull out of the Depression.
E) the trend toward extreme nationalism was strengthened.

Question 59

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:
Europe at the Onset of World War II, c. 1939
​

____ The nation that was sacrificed at the Munich Conference by the Allied nations to achieve "peace in our time."

Question 60

President Franklin Roosevelt embarked on the Good Neighbor policy in part because

A) he perceived this new policy as a logical extension of his cousin Theodore Roosevelt's Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.
B) Congress had repealed the Monroe Doctrine.
C) he feared the spread of communism in the region.
D) the policy was part of the neutrality stance taken by the United States.
E) he was eager to enlist Latin American allies to defend the Western Hemisphere against dictators.

Question 61

Americans' fervent isolationism in the 1930s can best be attributed to ​

A) their regrets about participating in WWI.
B) bitter memories of the ungrateful nations that defaulted on their WWI debts.
C) the totalizing impact of the Great Depression and the need to focus on getting out of it.
D) the failure of most Americans to appreciate the gravity of the prospective threat to American national security posed by the militaristic, expansionist forces being harnessed during the 1930s by the Fascist dictators of Germany, Japan, and Italy.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 62

From 1925 to 1940, the transition of American policy on arms sales to warring nations followed this sequence

A) embargo to lend-lease to cash-and-carry.
B) cash-and-carry to lend-lease to embargo.
C) lend-lease to cash-and-carry to embargo.
D) embargo to cash-and-carry to lend-lease.
E) lend-lease to embargo to cash-and-carry.

Question 63

In 1940, in exchange for American destroyers, the British gave the United States

A) "most favored nation" trade status.
B) a role in developing the atomic bomb.
C) eight valuable naval bases in the Western Hemisphere.
D) $10 million dollars.
E) six air bases in Scotland and Iceland.

Question 64

The 1941 Lend-Lease program was all of the following except

A) a focus of intense debate between internationalists and isolationists.
B) a direct challenge to the Axis dictators.
C) the point when all pretense of American neutrality was abandoned.
D) the catalyst that caused American factories to prepare for all-out war production.
E) another privately arranged executive deal between President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill, like the destroyers-for-bases trade.

Question 65

In 1940, Republican presidential candidate Wendell Willkie avoided deepening the sharp divisions among the American people when he

A) avoided attacking the New Deal.
B) refused to raise the racial issue.
C) declined to criticize Roosevelt for seeking a third term.
D) avoided attacking the draft.
E) avoided attacking Roosevelt for his increasingly interventionist policies.

Question 66

In September 1938, at the Munich Conference,

A) Britain and France consented to Germany forcibly acquiring the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia in exchange for a promise by Hitler to renounce any further German territorial claims on Europe.
B) Hitler declared his intention to take Austria.
C) Hitler signed the Axis Alliance Treaty with Japan.
D) Britain and France acquiesced to the German reoccupation of the Rhineland.
E) the leaders of Britain and France were determined not to cede additional European lands to Hitler.

Question 67

Franklin Roosevelt was motivated to run for a third term as president in 1940 mainly by his

A) personal desire to defeat his old political rival, Wendell Willkie.
B) belief that America needed his experienced leadership during the international crisis.
C) belief that the two-term tradition was contrary to democratic principles enshrined in the Constitution.
D) opposition to Willkie's pledge to restore a strict policy of American neutrality.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 68

The surprise Republican presidential nominee in 1940 was

A) Wendell L. Willkie.
B) Robert A. Taft.
C) Thomas E. Dewey.
D) Alfred E. Landon.
E) Charles A. Lindbergh.

Question 69

The event that shook Americans to the core and moved them to shift politically in support of a making a substantial political and military effort against Hitler's aggression in Europe was

A) the fall of France.
B) Hitler's armies overrunning Denmark and Norway.
C) Germany's nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union.
D) the invasion of Poland.
E) the fear of a union between Japan and Germany.

Question 70

Shortly after Adolf Hitler signed a nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union in August 1939

A) Britain and France signed a similar agreement.
B) the Soviets attacked China.
C) Germany invaded Poland and started World War II.
D) Italy signed a similar agreement with the Soviets.
E) the Germans invaded Finland.

Question 71

America's attempt to remain neutral in the war between the Axis powers and the Allies came to an end when

A) Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.
B) Germany attacked Poland.
C) the conscription law was passed in 1940.
D) France fell to Germany.
E) Italy "stabbed France in the back."

Question 72

Congress's first response to the unexpected fall of France in 1940 was to

A) revoke all the neutrality laws.
B) expand naval patrols in the Atlantic.
C) enact a new neutrality law enabling the Allies to buy American war materials on a cash-and-carry basis.
D) call for the quarantining of aggressor nations.
E) pass a conscription law.

Question 73

America's neutrality policy during the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939 contributed to

A) Hitler conquering Spain and establishing Nazi occupation of Spain during World War II.
B) the Loyalists from winning the war.
C) Roosevelt and Francisco Franco becoming personal friends and strategic allies.
D) the Soviets successfully defending the Spanish Republic from Spanish Fascist forces.
E) Spain becoming a Fascist dictatorship after Franco's victory.

Question 74

Liberal and left-wing Americans reacted to General Franco's efforts to stage a Fascist coup and overthrow the Republic in Spain by

A) supporting Franco and his rebels.
B) recruiting thousands of men and women as volunteers to fight Franco in the Abraham Lincoln Brigade.
C) renouncing their American citizenship when the U.S. government decided to remain strictly neutral in the Spanish Civil War.
D) meekly accepting and following the neutrality policy of the U.S. government concerning the Spanish Civil War.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 75

One of the few successful wartime American efforts to save Jews from perishing in the Holocaust came when

A) Americans helped some German and Austrian Jews seek refugee in neutral Sweden and Switzerland.
B) American Zionist organizations helped Romanian Jews escape to Israel.
C) the U.S. Air Force bombed the rail lines leading to Auschwitz.
D) American agents enabled French Jews to escape across the Pyrenees into Spain.
E) Franklin Roosevelt's War Refugee Board helped several thousand Hungarian Jews escape Nazi tyranny.

Question 76

Franklin Roosevelt's sensational Quarantine Speech in 1937 resulted in

A) a belief in Europe that America would stop Fascist aggression at any cost.
B) a wave of protest by isolationists.
C) support from both Democratic and Republican leaders.
D) a slowing of Japanese aggression in China.
E) a modification of the Neutrality Acts.

Question 77

By June 1940, a strong majority of American public opinion had come to favor ​

A) the America First position of keeping America out of the European war at all costs.
B) declaring war on Nazi Germany and sending American troops to aid the Allies in fighting the Nazis.
C) permitting U.S. volunteers to fight in Britain.
D) seeking a peaceful accommodation with Adolf Hitler over Europe that accepted the fall of France.
E) providing Britain with "all aid short of war," at the risk of armed hostilities with Germany.

Question 78

The era of informal polling techniques came to an end and was replaced by more scientifically based systems

A) that relied on the records of automobile registrations and telephone directories to determine the proper demographic samples of Americans who polled about their views on political affairs.
B) after a popular news magazine in 1936 mistakenly predicted Alf Landon the winner in the presidential election over FDR.
C) when television began to play an increasingly important role in forecasting elections.
D) when advertisers decided that polling was useless for the purposes of marketing.
E) after a popular new magazine in 1940 mistakenly predicted that Republican presidential nominee Wendell Willkie over FDR.

Question 79

Which of the following nations was not conquered by Hitler's Germany between September 1939 and June 1940?

A) Norway
B) The Netherlands
C) France
D) Poland
E) Finland

Question 80

During the 1930s, the United States admitted ____ Jewish refugees from Nazism.

A) about one million
B) zero
C) nearly six million
D) a paltry sum of about 150,000
E) only highly educated and highly skilled