Deck 2: Freud: Classical Psychoanalysis

Question 1

Hypnosis is best described as

A) a separate state of consciousness.
B) a fraudulent claim.
C) a state of great suggestibility.
D) an epileptic-like seizure.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The conscious mind is

A) the major component of the personality (according to Freud).
B) experience of which we have awareness.
C) expressed in dreams.
D) repressed.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is the least important influence on human thought and behavior, according to Freud?

A) childhood emotion
B) instincts
C) reason
D) unconscious forces

Answer 3

C

Question 4

"Let me introduce today's topic, psychoanalysis, developed by Dr. FRAUD," says the instructor. This error illustrates a

A) countertransference.
B) conversion hysteria.
C) Freudian slip.
D) cathexis.

Question 5

In the analysis of Adolf Hitler, to what did the analysts attribute Hitler's tyrannical rage?

A) His underdeveloped id.
B) His overactive superego.
C) His failure as an artist.
D) His weak/non-existent ego.

Question 6

Which of the following is not caused by unconscious forces, according to Freud?

A) psychosis
B) dreams
C) intentional actions
D) forgetting

Question 7

Freud's "iceberg metaphor" illustrates that

A) most people are "cold."
B) repression requires energy.
C) most of the mind's processes are unconscious.
D) the same substance can appear in quite different forms.

Question 8

According to Freud, a child who has been sexually abused and who cannot remember the experience

A) is psychotic.
B) is lucky, since the event cannot have produced any psychological damage.
C) has suppressed the experience into the preconscious.
D) has repressed the experience into the unconscious.

Question 9

A "Freudian slip" is caused by

A) unconscious wishes.
B) childhood trauma.
C) dreams.
D) catharsis.

Question 10

Material that is not in awareness at a particular time, but that can readily be recalled if we try, is

A) unconscious.
B) preconscious.
C) conscious.
D) postconscious.

Question 11

The characteristics of dream work described by Freud do not include

A) Condensation
B) Projection
C) Symbolism
D) Displacement

Question 12

Quiz two begins with a psychoanalytic discussion of Adolf Hitler. According to the author's analysis, at what stage was Hitler fixated?

A) oral
B) anal
C) latency
D) genital

Question 13

The term "psychic determinism" refers to

A) the scientific method.
B) the influence of the unconscious.
C) extra-sensory perception.
D) will power.

Question 14

Freud explained neurotic symptoms according to the principle of

A) psychic determinism.
B) mesmerism.
C) hypnosis.
D) catharsis.

Question 15

Freud praised __________ as "the royal road to the unconscious."

A) hallucinations
B) dreams
C) hypnosis
D) free association

Question 16

Before he became a psychoanalyst, Freud was a

A) business executive.
B) neurologist.
C) rabbi.
D) singer.

Question 17

Mental processes of which we are chronically unaware are called

A) preconscious.
B) conscious.
C) sublimated.
D) unconscious.

Question 18

Because of an unconscious guilt about what she has said, a woman becomes mute, unable to speak. This is an example of

A) hypnosis.
B) conversion hysteria.
C) preconsciousness.
D) malingering.

Question 19

Freud's theory challenged our trust in

A) conscious experience.
B) science.
C) therapy.
D) hypnosis.

Question 20

According to Freud's hedonic hypothesis, people seek

A) consciousness.
B) pleasure.
C) ego.
D) the opposite-sex parent.

Question 21

Researchers have used projective tests to investigate each of the following motives with the exception of

A) Achievement motives
B) Affiliation motives
C) Intimacy motives
D) All the above

Question 22

__________ signals that id impulses may break through (overcome repression) and be expressed.

A) Moral anxiety
B) Neurotic anxiety
C) Reality anxiety
D) Hedonic anxiety

Question 23

In the defense mechanism of __________, the person's own unacceptable impulse is instead thought to belong to someone else.

A) projection
B) isolation
C) identification
D) reaction formation

Question 24

The two kinds of psychic energy are

A) conscious and unconscious.
B) neurotic and normal.
C) Eros and Thanatos.
D) primary process and secondary process.

Question 25

The person or thing in the real world that permits an instinct to be satisfied is termed a(n)

A) aim.
B) object.
C) pressure.
D) source.

Question 26

The purpose of defense mechanisms is to

A) resolve intra-psychic conflict.
B) preserve life.
C) preserve sleep.
D) signal that the id may take over the personality.

Question 27

The energy of personality is called

A) libido.
B) cathexis.
C) homeostasis.
D) sublimation.

Question 28

The ego functions according to the __________ principle.

A) hedonic
B) reality
C) libidinal
D) homeostatic

Question 29

The superego corresponds to

A) reality.
B) mature ethics.
C) highly developed personal qualities.
D) childish understandings of morality.

Question 30

The four characteristics of instincts do not include

A) Object
B) Resource
C) Aim
D) Pressure

Question 31

The unconscious is least likely to be revealed through

A) The interpretation of dreams
B) Humor
C) Objective tests
D) Free association

Question 32

Which structure of personality is responsible for conscious adaptation to reality?

A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) preconscious

Question 33

Which of the defense mechanisms listed below is the most primitive?

A) projection
B) denial
C) identification
D) rationalization

Question 34

The id functions according to

A) primary process.
B) secondary process.
C) tertiary process.
D) the reality principle.

Question 35

Which structure of personality corresponds to the "voice of conscience," warning us to avoid evil?

A) ego
B) id
C) superego
D) hallucination

Question 36

A child who is really angry with his or her mother yells at the baby-sitter instead. Which defense mechanism is this?

A) projection
B) reaction formation
C) isolation
D) displacement

Question 37

A person who unconsciously hates a sibling, but consciously feels only love for the sibling, is using the defense mechanism of

A) projection.
B) isolation.
C) identification.
D) reaction formation.

Question 38

A person who borrows or merges his or her identity with someone else, such as a powerful parent, is using the defense mechanism of

A) identification.
B) projection.
C) reaction formation.
D) rationalization.

Question 39

The aim of instincts is

A) mental health.
B) sublimation.
C) tension reduction.
D) unknown.

Question 40

The most primitive structure of personality is the

A) id.
B) ego.
C) superego.
D) Oedipus conflict.

Question 41

Fixation during the oral period typically results in certain oral character traits. Which of the following is not an oral trait?

A) dependency
B) obstinacy
C) optimism
D) passivity

Question 42

Sex roles, according to Freud, are learned at about age

A) two.
B) four.
C) ten.
D) fourteen.

Question 43

During the phallic period, a boy may develop

A) a superego.
B) male sex-typing.
C) an Oedipus complex.
D) all of the above.

Question 44

By age __________, the personality has been formed, according to Freud.

A) two
B) five
C) ten
D) eighteen

Question 45

Optimism, passivity, and dependency are characteristic of the

A) oral character.
B) anal character.
C) phallic character.
D) latent character.

Question 46

Normal feminine development, according to Freud, results in the traits of

A) nurturance and warmth.
B) happiness and enthusiasm.
C) optimism and generosity.
D) passivity and masochism.

Question 47

During the Oedipal Conflict, according to Freud, what do boys want from their mothers?

A) attention
B) nurturance
C) a sexual relationship
D) a baby sister or brother

Question 48

During the Oedipal stage, boys are afraid of

A) all women.
B) their mothers.
C) castration.
D) failure in school.

Question 49

Which kind of person is most likely to deal with impulses through sublimation?

A) a child
B) a psychotic
C) a neurotic
D) a creative artist

Question 50

Defense mechanisms can be measured by

A) interviews.
B) projective tests.
C) self-report inventories.
D) all of the above

Question 51

What has cross-cultural research examining defense mechanisms found?

A) Although there were some slight differences, samples in the U.S. and Thailand were quite similar in their use of defense mechanisms.
B) People in Thailand do not display any of the defense mechanisms.
C) Women in both countries used the defense mechanisms, but the men did not.
D) Defense mechanisms vary wildly across cultures.

Question 52

George has been diagnosed as having a sexual identity disorder and he is seeking gender- reassignment surgery. How would psychoanalytic theorists explain George's desire to voluntarily castrate himself?

A) George is projecting his sexual perversions onto others.
B) George has identified too closely with his mother and therefore he must castrate himself.
C) George is upset with his father and is displacing that anger onto his own sexuality.
D) George's biology matches that of a woman and that is why he desires the surgery.

Question 53

Male and female superego development are different, according to Freud, because

A) fathers usually spend little time at home.
B) girls usually have better language skills than boys.
C) parents usually want to have a son, rather than a daughter.
D) boys have penises, but girls don't.

Question 54

A parent who punishes a child because of unconscious aggression, but who gives plausible reasons ("It will teach the child obedience," and so forth) is using the defense mechanism of

A) identification.
B) rationalization.
C) projection.
D) denial.

Question 55

People with a repressive coping style

A) seldom become anxious.
B) usually outgrow this defensiveness.
C) use negative emotion as a cue to repress or forget material.
D) all of the above.

Question 56

In order of their occurrence, the first three psychosexual stages are:

A) anal, oral, phallic
B) phallic, anal, oral
C) oral, anal, phallic
D) oral, phallic, anal

Question 57

Attitudes toward money are, according to psychoanalytic theory, related to development during the __________ stage.

A) oral
B) anal
C) phallic
D) latency

Question 58

Before he abandoned the seduction hypothesis, Freud believed that psychiatric maladjustment in his female patients was caused by

A) incest between daughters and their fathers.
B) excessive talk about adult sexuality in the presence of children.
C) seduction of children by strangers.
D) fear of sexual temptations.

Question 59

According to Freud's latest thinking, in the Electra phase

A) young girls fantasize being their fathers' lovers.
B) girls are often seduced by their fathers.
C) girls as well as boys are interested in science.
D) girls are closer to their mothers than to their fathers.

Question 60

Orderliness, parsimony, and obstinacy are characteristic of the

A) oral character.
B) anal character.
C) phallic character.
D) genital character.

Question 61

Psychoanalysts believe that Adolf Hitler had an unresolved Oedipus Complex wherein he hated his
abusive father and loved his overprotective mother.

Question 62

In his analysis of Hitler, Henry Murray suggested that Hitler had all of the symptoms of paranoid
schizophrenia.

Question 63

The basic technique of psychoanalysis is

A) dream interpretation.
B) free association.
C) transference.
D) catharsis.

Question 64

Silverman tested psychoanalytic research using the technique of

A) dream interpretation.
B) Rorschach inkblot tests.
C) hypnosis.
D) subliminal psychodynamic activation.

Question 65

Material that has been repressed is said to be "unconscious."

Question 66

As a scientific theory, psychoanalysis

A) has been well supported by many experimental studies.
B) has been supported in its statements about development but not about therapy.
C) fails to make clear, verifiable predictions.
D) uses highly reliable measurement, such as projective tests.

Question 67

Which statement best describes the current cognitive interpretation of the unconscious?

A) Some material is not conscious because it was never the focus of attention.
B) Material is unconscious if conscious awareness would be too anxiety provoking.
C) Material is unconscious if it is dynamically related to fixations.
D) Material becomes unconscious if a person was tired when events occurred.

Question 68

The most healthy, developed personality is called a(n) __________ in Freudian theory.

A) anal character
B) genital character
C) oral character
D) phallic character

Question 69

In the analysis of Adolf Hitler, Henry Murray suggested that Hitler had higher levels of eros energy
than thanatos energy.

Question 70

If a psychoanalyst falls in love with his (or her) patient, he (or she) is probably experiencing

A) transference.
B) countertransference.
C) free association.
D) seduction.

Question 71

Psychoanalytic theory says that fixation during the phallic period results in problems with

A) sexual promiscuity.
B) homosexuality.
C) superego formation.
D) all of the above

Question 72

The phrase "Mommy and I are one" generally has __________ effects, according to Silverman's experiments.

A) beneficial
B) harmful
C) psychosomatic
D) no

Question 73

If a patient falls in love with her (or his) psychoanalyst, she (or he) is probably experiencing

A) sublimation.
B) countertransference.
C) transference.
D) catharsis.

Question 74

According to your text, what does research say about the effectiveness of psychoanalytic treatment?

A) It is not effective.
B) It is less effective than other therapies, but better than no treatment.
C) Results are mixed compared to other treatment but is shown to be more effective for psychosomatic disorders.
D) It is generally as effective as other treatments, and probably more effective for phobias.

Question 75

During psychoanalytic treatment, buried feelings may emerge from the unconscious. This is called

A) cathexis.
B) catharsis.
C) free association.
D) transference.

Question 76

Freud's criterion of mental health is

A) love and work.
B) frequency of dreaming.
C) willingness to undergo psychoanalysis.
D) wealth.

Question 77

Which statement best describes explanations of the unconscious?

A) Both Freud and modern theorists propose a dynamic unconscious.
B) Both Freud and modern theorists propose a cognitive unconscious.
C) Freud proposed a dynamic unconscious; modern theorists propose a cognitive unconscious.
D) Freud proposed a cognitive unconscious; modern theorists propose a dynamic unconscious.

Question 78

Freud described middle childhood as a time of

A) important psychosexual development.
B) conflict with the parents.
C) peer group interaction.
D) relative calm for the sexual instincts.

Question 79

The recovered memory controversy is concerned with memories

A) of prenatal experience.
B) conveyed from another person by telepathic powers.
C) of childhood sexual abuse that have troubled people throughout their lives.
D) of childhood sexual abuse that are not recalled until therapy.

Question 80

__________ refers to awareness of one's true motivations, and is achieved in psychoanalytic treatment.

A) Insight
B) Intellectualization
C) Rationalization
D) Interpretation