Deck 12: Probation and Community Corrections

Question 1

In _______________, the U.S. Supreme Court established a three-stage procedure by which the due process rights of probationers would be protected in probation revocation situations?

A) Mempa v. Rhay
B) Gagnon v. Scarpelli
C) Brewer v. United States
D) Minnesota v. Murphy

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In which of the following cases did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that a meeting between probation officer and client does not equal custody and, therefore, the Fifth Amendment protection against self-incrimination does not apply?

A) Mempa v. Rhay
B) Gagnon v. Scarpelli
C) Minnesota v. Murphy
D) Morrissey v. Brewer

Answer 2

C

Question 3

An alternative sentencing arrangement where an offender is sentenced to prison or jail with the understanding that after a short period of time, she or he may petition the court to be released on probation is called:

A) diversion
B) intensive supervision probation
C) shock incarceration
D) split-sentence probation

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In Mempa v. Rhay the U.S. Supreme Court ruled which of the following in regards to probation?

A) Probationers were entitled to an attorney during the probation revocation process
B) Probations were not entitled to an attorney during the probation revocation process.
C) Probations were entitled to an attorney during the probation revocation process only if the potential outcome was incarceration.
D) Probations were entitled to a hearing before and uninterested party for the probation revocation process.

Question 5

In the past decade the number of adults under the supervision of state and federalprobation organizations has done which of the following?

A) decreased
B) increased
C) stayed the same
D) decreased exponentially

Question 6

Which of the following a justification for using community-based strategies instead of incarceration?

A) To move away from reintegration
B) To divert cases towards more severe sentencing
C) It is a less expensive alternative to incarceration.
D) To increase suspended sentences

Question 7

In what case did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that a person's home or car could be forfeited even though the owner was unaware that the property was connected to illegal activity.

A) Mempa v. Rhay
B) Bennis v. Michigan
C) Minnesota v. Murphy
D) Miranda v. Arizona

Question 8

A condition of probation that is designed to help reverse the self-destructive behavior of the offender is called a:

A) punitive condition
B) treatment condition
C) standard condition
D) intermediate condition

Question 9

The length of probation is usually __________ than the length of incarceration the offender would have received.

A) considerably longer
B) considerably shorter
C) about the same
D) slightly longer

Question 10

Which of the following requires that offenders remain home at specific hours of the day?

A) curfew
B) home detention
C) electronic monitoring
D) home incarceration

Question 11

Approximately how many adults are currently under the supervision of state and federal probation organizations in the United States?

A) 2.2 million
B) 4.2 million
C) 5.4 million
D) 10 million

Question 12

According to research, in which of the following circumstances would an offender likely be granted probation instead of incarceration?

A) If the individual was on probation or parole at the time of the arrest.
B) If the individual injured the victim of the crime.
C) If the individual only had minor prior convictions.
D) If the individual used a non-lethal weapon during the commission of the crime.

Question 13

Which of the following is one of the three stages in the probation revocation proceedings?

A) suspended sentencing
B) revocation hearing
C) recidivism hearing
D) probationary hearing

Question 14

Which of the following options has become the fasting-growing form of pretrial diversion in the country?

A) drug courts
B) day reporting centers
C) extensive counseling
D) shock incarceration

Question 15

__________ is where an offender spends a certain amount of time each week, usually during the weekend, in a jail, workhouse, or other government institution, while not detained, the offender carries on with their normal lives.

A) shock incarceration
B) split-sentence probation
C) suspended sentence
D) intermittent incarceration

Question 16

The theory behind __________ is that by getting a taste of the brutalities of the daily prison grind, the offender will be deterred from future criminal activity.

A) split-sentence probation
B) home confinement
C) shock incarceration
D) electronic monitoring

Question 17

A criminal sanction in which a convict is allowed to remain in the community rather than be imprisoned as long as she or he follows certain conditions set by the court is called:

A) incarceration
B) immediate sanctions
C) detention
D) probation

Question 18

One of the main reasons behind the philosophy of reintegration is the idea that:

A) Most offenders will be back in the community at some point in time anyway.
B) Most offenders will reoffend anyway.
C) Most offenders don't care whether they end up in prison anyway.
D) It is more expensive

Question 19

___________ is when an offender commits another crime after they have already been arrested and incarcerated for prior criminal activity.

A) recidivism
B) revocation
C) forfeiture
D) technical violation

Question 20

Which of the following is not an intermediate sanctioning option that is available to judges?

A) fines
B) restitution
C) forfeiture
D) imprisonment

Question 21

ISP is a form of probation in which the offender is placed under stricter and more frequent surveillance and control than in conventional probation

Question 22

Home incarceration requires offenders to be in their homes at specific hours each day, usually at night.

Question 23

A sentence that consists of incarceration in a prison or jail, followed by a probationaryperiod in the community is called a ___________________.

Question 24

A goal of corrections that focuses on preparing the offender for a return to the community is called ___________.

Question 25

One of the primary advantages of probation for offender is that the length of the probationary period is usually considerably longer than the length of a prison term.

Question 26

In Mempa v. Rhay, the Court established a three-stage procedure by which the "limited" due process rights of probationers must be protected in potential revocation situations.

Question 27

Some studies have actually shown higher recidivism rates for offenders who are subjected to prison culture.

Question 28

A boot camp is a community-based corrections center to which offenders report on a daily basis for purposes of treatment, education, and rehabilitation.

Question 29

A suspended sentence often places no conditions or supervision on the offender.

Question 30

Conditions of probation which are imposed on all probationers are called __________
conditions.

Question 31

__________is a criminal sanction in which a convict is allowed to remain in the community rather than be imprisoned as long as she or he follows certain conditions set by the court.

Question 32

Most of the rules of evidence that govern regular trials do not apply to revocation hearings.

Question 33

The criticism that intermediate sanctions designed to divert offenders from prison actually increase the number of citizens who are under the control of the corrections system is called:

A) widening the net
B) intensive supervision
C) electronic monitoring
D) shock incarceration

Question 34

As the number of conditions placed on probationers and electronic monitoring devices increase, so, too, will the number of offenders who fail to meet the conditions of their community-based punishment. This concept has been termed the __________ effect of increased surveillance.

A) kitchen strainer
B) kitchen sink
C) funnel
D) quicksand

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a form of electronic monitoring?

A) GPS for location monitoring
B) phone calls by an officer of the court
C) ankle bracelets for testing consumption
D) continuous signaling devices

Question 36

An action taken by a probationer that, although not criminal, breaks the terms of probation as designated by the court is called a(n) ___________.

Question 37

Which of the following is variation on traditional shock incarceration that emphasizes strict discipline, manual labor, and physical training in order to instill self-responsibility and self-respect in participants?

A) diversion
B) home incarceration
C) boot camp
D) reintegration

Question 38

Indeterminate sentencing guidelines are theoretically the same as community-based corrections.

Question 39

A curfew requires the offender to remain home at all times, except for medical emergencies.

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a level of home monitoring?

A) curfew
B) home detention
C) home incarceration
D) electronic monitoring

Question 41

__________ is a technique of probation supervision in which the offender's whereabouts are kept under surveillance by an electronic device.

Question 42

The process by which the government seizes private property attached to criminal activity is called __________.

Question 43

Explain alternative sentencing arrangements.

Question 44

Describe at least three of the following judicially administered intermediate sanctions: day reporting centers, intensive supervision probation, shock incarceration, and home confinement.

Question 45

Explain how probation can be revoked.

Question 46

Explain how an electronic monitoring device meets many of the goals of intermediatesanctions?

Question 47

The criticism that intermediate sanctions designed to divert offenders from prison actually increase the number of citizens who are under the control of the corrections system is called _______________.

Question 48

A _______________ is an alternative to trial in which the offender agrees to participate in a specified counseling or treatment program in return for withdrawal of the charges.

Question 49

The chemical analysis of urine to determine if the subject has been using prohibited
substances such as illegal drugs is called __________.

Question 50

Explain several justifications for community-based corrections programs that are offered by your text.