Deck 15: The Juvenile Justice System

Question 1

At the beginning of the 1800s juveniles were:

A) treated the same as adults
B) sent to a separate court to deal with juvenile issues
C) never allowed to be executed or imprisoned
D) handed over to the social services to be dealt with

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In what court case did the U.S. Supreme Court hold that the government had to prove "beyond a reasonable doubt" that a juvenile had committed an act of delinquency?

A) In re Gault
B) McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
C) In re Winship
D) Kent v. U.S.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In the 1899 Illinois juvenile court the child being prosecuted was called a:

A) defendant
B) offender
C) respondent
D) plaintiff

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The child-savers believed which of the following?

A) that the state should not be involved with juveniles who are neglected
B) that the concept of parens patriae was invalid
C) that children needed treatment rather than punishment
D) that all delinquent children should be incarcerated

Question 5

Under the philosophy of parens patriae, who is responsible to step in when the child's wellbeing is not being looked after?

A) the parents
B) the grandparents
C) the community
D) the government

Question 6

A process in which the prosecutor decides whether a juvenile offender's case will
Be heard in juvenile or adult court is called:

A) judicial waiver
B) automatic transfer
C) prosecutorial waiver
D) police waiver

Question 7

Which of the following rights does a juvenile have according to the U.S. Supreme Court?

A) the right to a jury trial
B) the right an appeal
C) the right bail
D) all protections found under the Bill of Rights

Question 8

The child-saving movement culminated with the passage of the Illinois Juvenile Court Act in __________.

A) 1850
B) 1868
C) 1890
D) 1899

Question 9

Approximately __________ youths are incarcerated in public and private juvenile correctional facilities in the United States.

A) 30,000
B) 54,000
C) 78,000
D) 92,000

Question 10

Which of the following generally houses between twelve and fifteen youths and provides treatment, counseling, and education services by a professional staff?

A) rural program
B) foster care program
C) group home
D) family group home

Question 11

A juvenile variation on shock probation is called _______________.

A) a residential treatment program
B) a rehabilitation counseling program
C) boot camp
D) a diversionary program

Question 12

__________ is a correctional institution for juveniles found to be delinquent.

A) residential treatment program
B) boot camp
C) training school
D) aftercare

Question 13

In what court case did the U.S. Supreme Court decide that juveniles had a right to counsel whenever a judge is considering transferring a case to adult court?

A) In re Gault
B) McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
C) Breed v. Jones
D) Kent v. U.S.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT one of the things a judge considers during a detention hearing for a juvenile?

A) whether the child poses a danger to the community
B) whether the parents can pay for bail
C) whether the child will return for the adjudication process
D) whether detention will provide protection for the child

Question 15

The process of removing low-risk offenders from the formal juvenile justice system by placing them in community-based rehabilitation programs is called:

A) diversion
B) petitioning
C) referring
D) intake

Question 16

Which of the following was NOT one of the ways the first Illinois Juvenile Court was different from adult courts?

A) no juries
B) adversarial relationship
C) confidentiality
D) different terminology

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT one of the types of diversion categories?

A) probation
B) treatment and aid
C) restitution
D) detention

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a form of a residential treatment program?

A) group homes
B) state training schools
C) foster care programs
D) rural programs

Question 19

In the 1899 Illinois juvenile court, when juveniles are found to have committed a crime they called this being:

A) "found guilty"
B) "adjudicated delinquent"
C) "adjudicated"
D) "warranted"

Question 20

A report that provides the judge with relevant background material to aid in the
Disposition decision is called:

A) adjudication
B) probation
C) predisposition report
D) graduated sanctions

Question 21

To reduce the stigma of criminal proceedings for juveniles, "petitions" were issued instead of "warrants" in the 1899 Illinois Juvenile Court.

Question 22

A __________ is a juvenile who has been found to have engaged in behavior deemed unacceptable for those under a certain statutorily determined age.

Question 23

Between 1980 and 2008, the violent crime that the majority of juvenile offenders are arrested for in the United States was:

A) murder
B) forcible rape
C) robbery
D) aggravated assault

Question 24

The first U.S. Supreme Court case to extend due process rights to children was the __________ vs. United States.

Question 25

When the juvenile court first started, juvenile court hearings and records were kept sealed, and the proceedings were closed to the public.

Question 26

Which of the following is not a component of the definition of a youth gang?

A) a group of three or more persons who self-identify themselves as an entity separate from the community
B) a group of persons who separate themselves from others through special clothing, vocabulary, hand signals, and names
C) a group who engages in criminal activity
D) a group who only comes together in correctional facilities to prevent victimization

Question 27

The process during which an official of the court decides whether to file a petition, release the juvenile, or place the juvenile under some other form of supervision is known as the referral.

Question 28

A __________ is the notification process through which a law enforcement officer or other concerned citizen makes the juvenile court aware of a juvenile's unlawful or unruly conduct.

Question 29

__________ is a doctrine that holds that the state has a responsibility to look after the well-being of children.

Question 30

The theory that a delinquent or status offender should receive a punishment that matches the severity of the wrongdoing is called deterrence.

Question 31

The first juvenile court was created in the state of __________.

Question 32

Many experts believe that the downward trend in juvenile homicide arrests can be
traced largely to a decline in firearm use.

Question 33

A judicial waiver is the process in which the juvenile judge decides that the alleged juvenile offender should be transferred to adult court.

Question 34

Nearly all young offenders entering juvenile detention self-report drug use at some point in their lives.

Question 35

The child-savers movement led to the Illinois Juvenile Court Act.

Question 36

The creation of the juvenile court was based on the concepts that children are not fully responsible for criminal conduct and are capable of being rehabilitated.

Question 37

Most states do not provide a bifurcated process in which a separate disposition hearing follows the adjudicatory hearing.

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT one of the theories that has been put forth to explain the decline in violent crime rates for juveniles?

A) the decline of the prevalence of crack cocaine
B) the increase in police action against "quality-of- life" crimes such as loitering
C) the decrease in school shootings in the U.S.
D) schools adoption of more zero-tolerance policies that punish students harshly for bringing weapons or drugs onto school grounds

Question 39

Wolfgang and his colleagues determined that chronic offenders are responsible for half of all crimes and two-thirds of all violent crimes within any given cohort. They termed these individuals the:

A) reoffenders
B) chronic 6 percent
C) outsiders
D) delinquent

Question 40

Which of the following is true regarding school violence?

A) students are safer in schools than they are on the streets
B) students are more likely to be killed in schools than in their neighborhoods
C) the media under reports the violence in schools
D) school violence has increased since 1995

Question 41

List the major rights that juveniles have in the judicial process, as well as some rights adults have in some cases that juveniles do not have, unless provided for by state statute.

Question 42

Explain the difference between an adjudicatory hearing and a disposition hearing.

Question 43

Explain why juveniles are often thought to have lowered responsibility for their actions in a legal sense?

Question 44

The __________ is a hearing in which the juvenile judge or officer decides the appropriate punishment for a youth found to be delinquent or a status offender.

Question 45

__________ is a term used to explain the fact that delinquency and criminal activity tends to decline with age.

Question 46

The __________ is the process through which a juvenile court determines whether there is sufficient evidence to support the initial petition.

Question 47

When a child is denied certain necessities such as shelter, food, care, and love this is called __________.

Question 48

Explain the development of the concept of parens patriae.

Question 49

_______________ is the mistreatment of children by causing physical, emotional,
or sexual damage.

Question 50

Explain the relationship between age and crime?