Deck 2: Traits, Behaviors, and Relationships

Question 1

With respect to the three types of leadership roles, leaders in collaborative roles typically don't have the strong position power of the operational role.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The contingency approach to leadership sought to identify the traits leaders possessed that distinguished them from people who were not leaders.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Leaders at all levels need some degree of optimism to see possibilities and rally people around a vision for a better tomorrow.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The myth of a "complete leader" can cause stress and frustration for leaders and followers, as well as damage to the organization.

Question 5

In the context of the trait approach to leadership, the diversity of traits that effective leaders possess indicates that:

A) leadership includes grasping diverse points of view and leaving everybody satisfied.
B) leadership ability is not a genetic endowment.
C) leadership ability cannot be acquired without a complete set of skills.
D) leadership includes being prideful and arrogant.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true of drive?

A) Leaders with drive tend to be less ambitious.
B) Leaders with drive seek achievement and have energy.
C) Drive refers to truthfulness and nondeception.
D) Drive is the foundation of trust between leaders and followers.

Question 7

People in organizations rise to the top because they:

A) refrain from creating hopes that things will turn out well.
B) have the ability to identify problems.
C) can instill in others a sense of hope for the future.
D) are always cautious when interpreting situations.

Question 8

Talent arises from a strength that has been supported and reinforced with knowledge and skills.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true of self-confidence?

A) It includes being arrogant and prideful.
B) It causes one to become jaded and pessimistic.
C) It involves managing competing points of view.
D) It includes knowing and trusting in oneself.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true of talents?

A) Talents include having a complete set of skills and abilities to handle any problem.
B) Talents can be turned into strengths by consciously enhancing them.
C) Talents are not mere aspects of one's potential.
D) Talents arise from natural strengths.

Question 11

According to the trait approach to leadership, which of the following is categorized as a social characteristic of leaders?

A) Optimism
B) Knowledge
C) Cooperativeness
D) Humility

Question 12

People excel in life by fixing their weaknesses, not by maximizing their strengths.

Question 13

Self-confidence doesn't mean being arrogant and prideful but rather knowing and trusting in oneself.

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of collaborative leaders?

A) They don't have the strong position power of the collaborative role.
B) They provide guidance and support to other people and departments in the organization.
C) They need high self-confidence and tend to be assertive.
D) They are responsible for developing broad organizational capabilities.

Question 15

In the operational leadership role, an executive does not have direct control over people and resources to accomplish results.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true of honesty?

A) It refers to high motivation that creates a high effort level by a leader.
B) It implies an openness that followers welcome.
C) It helps leaders interpret situations in more conservative ways.
D) It includes a complete set of skills and characteristics to handle any problem.

Question 17

Leaders in an advisory role are responsible for developing broad organizational capabilities rather than accomplishing specific business results.

Question 18

_____ refers to a tendency to see the positive side of things and expect that things will turn out well.

A) Integrity
B) Honesty
C) Drive
D) Optimism

Question 19

A few traits typically considered highly important for leadership are optimism, self-confidence, honesty and integrity, and drive.

Question 20

Which of the following is an important aspect that should be kept in mind by active leaders?

A) Uniform thinking should be encouraged among employees.
B) Decision making should be avoided if adequate information is not available.
C) Setbacks have to be managed with a pessimistic mindset.
D) Competing points of view have to be managed, with some people left unsatisfied.

Question 21

High-quality leader-member exchange relationships:

A) lead to poor job satisfaction in the long run.
B) have been found to lead to very positive outcomes for the organization.
C) pertain to lesser responsibility and authority in the case of followers.
D) support the sharply differentiated in-group and out-group relationships.

Question 22

Which of the following characteristics was explored by the studies evaluating the characteristics of the leader-member exchange relationship?

A) Income
B) Educational qualification
C) Value agreement
D) Recruitment process

Question 23

Which of the following statements is true of individualized leadership?

A) It holds that leadership is a series of dyads or a series of two-person interactions.
B) It assumes that a leader adopts a general leadership style that is used with all group members.
C) It is based on the notion that leaders should not develop relationships with subordinates.
D) It is against the concept of exchange, what each party gives to and receives from the other.

Question 24

Which of the following statements is true of individualized leadership?

A) It adopts a general leadership style that is used with all group members.
B) It looks at the specific relationship between a leader and each individual follower.
C) It holds that leaders have particular traits that distinguish them from non-leaders.
D) It conceptualizes leadership as a single great individual who can put everything together and influence others to follow along.

Question 25

Which of the following statements is true of entrepreneurial leaders?

A) They stay away from risks and are unwilling to stretch themselves.
B) They refrain from taking up new opportunities.
C) They want everything to stay the same.
D) They are dissatisfied with the present.

Question 26

Which of the following is an example of consideration behavior of leaders?

A) Directing tasks and planning
B) Providing explicit schedules for work activities
C) Seeking input from subordinates regarding important decisions
D) Getting people to work hard and ruling with an iron hand

Question 27

In the leader-member exchange research study on individualized leadership, leaders were trained to offer the opportunity for a high-quality relationship to all group members. According to this concept, which of the following is true of followers?

A) The followers were treated in a positive or a negative way depending on their individual performances.
B) The boon of establishing sharply differentiated in-group and out-group relationships was established.
C) The followers who responded to the offer dramatically improved their performance.
D) The in-group subordinates got better and the out-group subordinates got worse at their work respectively.

Question 28

According to the Leadership Grid, _____ occurs when primary emphasis is given to people rather than to work outputs.

A) team management
B) authority-compliance management
C) middle-of-the-road management
D) country club management

Question 29

Stage two in the development of the individualized leadership theory explored the _____ in more detail.

A) vertical dyad linkage model
B) partnership building
C) leader-member exchange
D) entrepreneurship model

Question 30

Leader support and _____ are the two underlying dimensions of employee-centered leadership behavior.

A) goal emphasis
B) efficiency achievement
C) interaction facilitation
D) work facilitation

Question 31

Which of the following is a difference between leader behavior toward out-group members and in-group members?

A) Leaders assign interesting assignments to out-group subordinates, whereas leaders assign primarily routine jobs to in-group subordinates and monitor their work closely.
B) Leaders usually impose their views on out-group subordinates, whereas leaders sometimes defer to in-group subordinates' opinions.
C) Leaders give specific directives for how to accomplish tasks and attain goals to in-group subordinates whereas leaders trust out-group subordinates to use their own approaches in solving problems.
D) Leaders listen to suggestions and ideas given by in-group subordinates, whereas little interest is shown in comments and suggestions given by out-group subordinates.

Question 32

The third phase of research in the development of the individualized leadership theory:

A) evaluated characteristics of the leader-member exchange relationship by exploring communication frequency and value agreement.
B) focused on whether leaders could develop positive relationships with a large number of followers.
C) argues for the importance of the dyad formed by a leader with each member of the group.
D) included the awareness of a relationship between a leader and each individual rather than between a leader and a group of followers.

Question 33

Which of the following is a characteristic of advisory leaders?

A) They possess the ability to influence others through communication, knowledge, and personal persuasion.
B) They are responsible for accomplishing specific business results rather than developing broad organizational capabilities.
C) They lack an exceptionally high level of integrity and honesty.
D) They typically do not have the strong position power of the collaborative role.

Question 34

Which of the following is a characteristic of entrepreneurial leaders?

A) They are concerned with innovation and creativity.
B) They are unable to focus on long-term results.
C) They are unwilling to learn new skills.
D) They tend to be dependent on their followers.

Question 35

Which of the following is an underlying dimension of job-centered leadership behavior?

A) Leader support
B) Interaction facilitation
C) Conflict minimization
D) Goal emphasis

Question 36

Which of the following is an example of people-oriented leader behavior?

A) Planning use of resources
B) Setting performance expectations
C) Evaluating performance
D) Displaying trust

Question 37

Leaders who are drawn to new opportunities, are action oriented, and are more concerned with innovation, creativity, and creating new processes than with maintaining the status quo are known as:

A) entrepreneurial leaders.
B) autocratic leaders.
C) advisory leaders.
D) traditional leaders.

Question 38

Which of the following is an example of task-oriented leader behavior?

A) Giving time and encouragement
B) Showing acceptance and compassion
C) Acknowledging accomplishments
D) Checking the progress and quality of work

Question 39

Which of the following is an example of initiating structure behavior of leaders?

A) Showing appreciation
B) Directing tasks
C) Seeking input from subordinates
D) Listening carefully to problems

Question 40

Which of the following statements is true of entrepreneurship?

A) Entrepreneurship advocates dependence as the key to effective leadership.
B) Leaders with entrepreneurial traits are dependent on others for making decisions.
C) Entrepreneurship involves maintaining the status quo for established organizations.
D) Leaders with entrepreneurial traits exist within established organizations.

Question 41

_____ are the distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader, such as intelligence, honesty, self-confidence, and appearance.

Question 42

Which of the following supervisors demonstrates autocratic behavior?

A) Baxter gave a bonus to Marshall for outstanding sales for the quarter.
B) Marcella asked her team to determine a reasonable deadline for the project.
C) Bernice presented a problem to her team and asked for suggestions.
D) Jason joined the group in discussing possible solutions to the client's problem.

Question 43

Discuss the aspects of being an ethical leader. Discuss the existence of trust in organizations today.

Question 44

Briefly describe the theories of a "high-high" leader.

Question 45

In terms of the stages of development of individualized leadership, briefly describe the leader-member exchange.

Question 46

In the context of leadership styles, _____ leaders display a focus on the human needs of their subordinates.

Question 47

_____ refers to a person's strong belief that he or she can successfully accomplish a specific task or outcome.

Question 48

_____, a category of leader behavior, describes the extent to which a leader is task oriented and directs subordinates' work activities toward goal achievement.

Question 49

The _____ view of individualized leadership focuses on the concept of exchange, what each party gives to and receives from the other.

Question 50

The _____, a type of leadership role, is the closest to a traditional, vertically oriented management role, where an executive has direct control over people and resources to accomplish results.

Question 51

The _____ leadership role includes people such as project managers, matrix managers, and team leaders in today's more horizontally organized companies.

Question 52

Describe the differences between autocratic leaders and democratic leaders.

Question 53

Which of the following supervisors demonstrates consideration?

A) Jamal listened carefully when Jessica explained why the customer was unhappy.
B) George instructed his team members to call at last three potential new clients every week.
C) Samantha assigned part of the project to each team member.
D) Bella reprimanded Lilly for her tardiness.

Question 54

Briefly describe the difference between the in-group and the out-group in the vertical dyad linkage model of individualized leadership.

Question 55

Briefly explain the advisory role of leadership.

Question 56

_____ refers to initiating a business venture, organizing the necessary resources, and assuming the associated risks and rewards.

Question 57

Clarifying job responsibilities is an example of _____ leader behavior.

Question 58

Briefly describe the trait approach to leadership.

Question 59

A(n) _____ arises from a natural talent that has been supported and reinforced with knowledge and skills.

Question 60

Is the Great Man perspective on leadership still in use today? Discuss.

Question 61

Which of the following characteristics are important for entrepreneurs?

A) Persistence
B) Carelessness
C) Resistance to change
D) Satisfaction with the status quo

Question 62

Which of the following actions occur during the first stage of the development of individualized leadership?

A) In-groups and out-groups are created.
B) Leaders create a positive exchange with every subordinate.
C) Each dyad involves a unique exchange independent of other dyads.
D) Leadership is individualized for each subordinate.

Question 63

If Nancy uses employee-centered leadership, which of the following actions is she more likely to perform if a project is behind schedule?

A) Support the team's efforts and settle any conflicts that might be a distraction.
B) Assign more workers to the task
C) Ask the current team members to work longer hours.
D) Restructure the task so it is easier to complete on time.