Deck 11: Developing Leadership Diversity

Question 1

In interactive leadership, the leader favors a consensual and collaborative process.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Female leaders are typically rated lower by subordinates on interpersonal skills as well as on factors such as task behavior, communication, and goal accomplishment.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Grace and Richard work for QWERTY Corp. They have similar experience and both have been promoted to senior managers for a new project. However, Grace is paid less than Richard for the same work. This is an example of:

A) gender discrimination.
B) stereotyping.
C) inclusion.
D) ethnic bias.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

According to a report from the National Bureau of Economic Research, white-sounding names got 50 percent more call-backs than African American-sounding names, even when skills and experience were equal. This is an example of _____ in the workplace.

A) active bias
B) conscious bias
C) unconscious bias
D) deliberate bias

Question 5

A benefit of employee affinity groups is that people often obtain sponsors through their affiliation with the groups.

Question 6

At stage 2 of personal diversity awareness, people are capable of integrating differences and adapting both cognitively and behaviorally.

Question 7

Glass walls offer experience in areas such as line supervision that would enable women to advance to senior-level positions.

Question 8

_____ refers to an adverse feeling or opinion formed without regard for the facts.

A) Prejudice
B) Ethnocentrism
C) Social loafing
D) Deindividuation

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true of the glass ceiling?

A) When executives choose a successor for a top position, they tend to choose someone who is different from them.
B) The existence of "glass walls" facilitates important lateral movement within an organization.
C) Prevailing attitudes are invisible obstacles to women's advancement.
D) Women represent a large percentage of top executives and board members in American companies.

Question 10

Women leaders tend to be competitive and prefer vertical hierarchies.

Question 11

The inclusive model of diversity includes differences in:

A) lifestyle only.
B) a limited number of technological skills.
C) only a worker's level of job expertise.
D) all of an individual's characteristics.

Question 12

In the context of the survey of followers, which of the following statements is true of female leaders?

A) They have more aggressiveness than male leaders.
B) They provide less inspirational motivation than male leaders.
C) They are more individually considerate than male leaders.
D) They offer less intellectual stimulation than male leaders.

Question 13

According to Hofstede's social value system, high uncertainty avoidance reflects a value for a loosely knit social framework in which individuals are expected to take care of themselves.

Question 14

Intellectual stimulation, a leadership quality, means questioning current methods and challenging employees to think in new ways.

Question 15

All leaders need to be aware of the impact that culture may have and consider cultural values in their dealings with employees.

Question 16

In the United States, some women leaders feel that the cost of climbing the corporate ladder is too high and they leave before ever encountering the glass ceiling. This phenomenon has been referred to as the:

A) capacity for collaboration.
B) opt-out trend.
C) diversity for thought.
D) unconscious bias theory.

Question 17

When a leader and company act out prejudicial attitudes toward people who are the targets of their prejudice, _____ occurs.

A) unconscious bias
B) discrimination
C) inclusion
D) uncertainty avoidance

Question 18

Paying a woman less than a man for the same work is known as _____.

A) gender discrimination
B) passive bias
C) unconscious bias
D) ethnic discrimination

Question 19

Ethnocentrism is the belief that:

A) one's culture and subculture are inherently superior to other cultures.
B) all cultures have value.
C) everyone in an organization has the same values, beliefs, and motivations.
D) everyone in an organization has the same attitudes about work and life.

Question 20

It is imperative that leaders in international organizations learn to understand local cultures and deal with them effectively.

Question 21

_____, a leadership quality, means questioning current methods and challenging employees to think in new ways.

A) Individual consideration
B) Inspirational motivation
C) Idealized influence
D) Intellectual stimulation

Question 22

In the context of Hofstede's social value systems, _____ refers to the degree to which members of a society feel uncomfortable with ambiguity.

Question 23

According to the Hofstede studies, _____ reflects the values of relationships, cooperation, group decision making, and quality of life.

A) collectivism
B) femininity
C) masculinity
D) uncertainty avoidance

Question 24

Which of the following statements is true of a diverse workforce?

A) It can build stronger connections with various customers.
B) It degrades the value of an organization.
C) It causes an organization to lose its competitive advantage.
D) It reinforces the glass ceiling in an organization.

Question 25

According to Hofstede's social value system, high power distance means that:

A) people accept inequality in power among institutions, organizations, and individuals.
B) members of a society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity.
C) people prefer a loosely knit social framework in which individuals take care of themselves.
D) members of a society value relationships, cooperation, and group decision making.

Question 26

_____ refers to a person's ability to use reasoning and observation skills to interpret unfamiliar gestures and situations and devise appropriate behavioral responses.

A) Emotional intelligence
B) Artificial intelligence
C) Interpersonal intelligence
D) Cultural intelligence

Question 27

A factor contributing to increased acceptance of diversity is:

A) discrimination.
B) passive bias.
C) uncertainty avoidance.
D) globalization.

Question 28

The manager of a company situated in the country of Aria lost a business deal with a company situated in the country of Iota. The Arian manager complained to the Iotan higher-level executives when he couldn't obtain information from his counterparts in Iota. The higher-level Iotan executives were offended by his behavior. The Arian manager was surprised since hierarchy was never a matter of concern in his country. In the context of the given scenario, which of the following statements is true?

A) Behavior is perceived differently from culture to culture.
B) The manager from Aria had an ethnocentric point of view.
C) The company in Iota should adopt the ways of the company in Aria.
D) The company in Iota reinforces the glass ceiling.

Question 29

According to Hofstede's social value systems, _____ refers to how much people accept equality in power.

Question 30

_____ refers to strong support from a powerfully positioned executive who is willing to put his or her reputation on the line to promote an individual's advancement to higher organizational levels.

A) Employee affinity
B) Ethnocentrism
C) Prejudice
D) Sponsorship

Question 31

In stage 1 of personal diversity awareness, _____.

A) diversity is inherent in the culture, and the organization is gender- and color-blind
B) legal requirements are met, but diversity is viewed as a problem
C) top-level leaders are committed to diversity
D) diversity is viewed as a competitive weapon

Question 32

_____ is the belief that one's own culture and subculture are inherently superior to other cultures.

Question 33

Which of the following statements is true of interactive leaders?

A) They are competitive and aggressive.
B) They favor an individualistic approach to work.
C) They favor a consensual process.
D) They are power-and-authority-oriented.

Question 34

Employees belonging to a certain religion at a meatpacking plant in the country of Atria protested against not being allowed extra break times to pray during their holy month. Employees not belonging to that religion felt that allowing extra breaks would amount to "preferential treatment." In the context of the given scenario, which of the following statements is true?

A) Leaders at the plant were ethnocentric.
B) Power distance was high in the plant.
C) Cultural differences provide potential for conflicts.
D) People in the country of Atria are prejudiced.

Question 35

Which of the following statements is true of diversity?

A) It hampers the relationship of the organization with customers.
B) It helps develop employee potential.
C) It reinforces the glass ceiling.
D) It provides less organizational flexibility.

Question 36

A _____ is a rigid, exaggerated, irrational, and typically negative belief or image associated with a particular group of people.

Question 37

The ____ is an invisible barrier that separates women and minorities from top leadership positions.

Question 38

Organizations establish workforce diversity programs to:

A) promote the hiring of diverse employees.
B) ensure that differences are not accepted.
C) hamper the career advancement of diverse employees.
D) reinforce the glass ceiling trends.

Question 39

All organizations need _____ to achieve high performance.

A) diversity of thought
B) passive bias
C) ethnocentrism
D) high power distance

Question 40

Which of the following is a dimension of the traditional model of diversity?

A) Work style
B) Military experience
C) Pay level
D) Nationality

Question 41

Describe the various stages of personal diversity awareness.

Question 42

_____, a leadership quality, is derived from the leader who appeals emotionally and symbolically to employees' desire to do a good job and help achieve organizational goals.

Question 43

How can a company reduce the difficulties faced by women and minorities in its workforce?

A) Make some attitudes and actions illegal.
B) Encourage managers to hire workers who are similar to them.
C) Establish diversity training programs.
D) Hire women and minorities who are not qualified for management positions.

Question 44

_____ is a leadership style in which people develop personal relationships with followers, share power and information, empower employees, and strive to enhance others' feelings of self-worth.

Question 45

According to Hofstede's social value system, _____ is a preference for a tightly knit social framework in which people look out for one another and organizations protect their members' interests.

Question 46

Why are attitudes toward diversity changing?

Question 47

Which of the following factors has led to an expanding attitude toward diversity?

A) Changing demographics
B) Growing population
C) Increasing salaries
D) Improving technology

Question 48

According to Hofstede's research, what do the terms masculinity and femininity mean?

Question 49

When Melanie moved to Japan, she refused to learn anything about the Japanese culture. Instead, she fiercely clung to all of the culture and customs from her homeland. Melanie is practicing _____.

A) prejudice
B) ethnocentrism
C) discrimination
D) stereotyping

Question 50

The differences among people in terms of age, ethnicity, gender, race, or other dimensions are known as _____.

Question 51

Which of the following terms identifies an action that is illegal in the United States?

A) Stereotyping
B) Discrimination
C) Prejudice
D) Ethnocentrism

Question 52

Pamela became the intern supervisor after Hank noticed the positive way the interns respond to Pamela's management style. They trusted and respected her-even before she became the group's manager. This is an example of:

A) individual consideration.
B) inspirational motivation.
C) idealized influence.
D) intellectual stimulation.

Question 53

Discuss ethnocentrism and its effect on an organization.

Question 54

Stereotyping is an aspect of _____.

A) prejudice.
B) ethnocentrism.
C) discrimination.
D) bias.

Question 55

Discuss the social value systems presented in the Hofstede studies.

Question 56

Briefly describe prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination in organizations.

Question 57

Describe cultural intelligence (CQ).

Question 58

According to a recent study, what is the effect of having more women on a team?

A) Higher collective intelligence
B) Higher education level
C) Higher salaries
D) Less creativity

Question 59

Organizations establish _____ to promote the hiring, inclusion, and career advancement of different employees and to ensure that differences are accepted and respected in the workplace.

Question 60

Is interactive leadership gender-specific?

Question 61

In many European languages, the meaning of "diversity" is different from the U.S. term because the closest word implies:

A) better than.
B) togetherness.
C) the same as.
D) separation.

Question 62

Jake is moving from Costa Rica to Australia to manage a new division of his company. After using Hofstede's research to investigate the country's cultural values, Jake sees individualism is ranked much higher in Australia. This tells him that he can expect that:

A) workers prefer conformity.
B) people want equality in power.
C) people will take care of themselves.
D) achievement is important to workers.

Question 63

Leon has attended several seminars about managing a diverse workforce. After completing a survey, he determines that he is able to empathize with people from other cultures. Which stage of personal diversity awareness has Leon achieved?

A) Acceptance
B) Adaptation
C) Integration
D) Defense