Deck 7: Individuals With Learning Disabilities

Question 1

Juan was identified with a learning disability at age 10.When interviewing his mother, she disclosed that his father and other relatives had significant difficulties in reading and spelling.The etiology of the learning disability would most likely be attributed to what category?

A) Acquired trauma
B) Genetic/hereditary influences
C) Biochemical abnormalities
D) Environmental possibilities

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A difficulty in using language correctly in social situations is referred to as a deficit in

A) Oral expression
B) Spoken language
C) Syntax
D) Pragmatics

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What emerging method of identifying a learning disability was supported with the reauthorization of IDEA 2004?

A) Severe discrepancy
B) Progress monitoring
C) Response to intervention
D) Disability assessment

Answer 3

C

Question 4

When Susan was 4 years old, she fell and suffered a serious head injury.Through a thorough assessment process, Susan was identified with a learning disability at age 11.The etiology of the learning disability would most likely be attributed to what category?

A) Acquired trauma
B) Genetic/hereditary influences
C) Biochemical abnormalities
D) Environmental possibilities

Question 5

What is the percentage of the school-aged population receiving special education who are classified as having a learning disability?

A) 3.5%
B) 4%
C) 2.5%
D) 2%

Question 6

In most instances, how large of a discrepancy is required for a student to be identified with a learning disability?

A) 6 months
B) 1 year
C) 2 years
D) 3 years

Question 7

Joan is receiving tier 1 interventions.Who is the person most likely to deliver this support?

A) Special educator
B) General educator
C) Counselor
D) Reading specialist

Question 8

The response to intervention (RTI)model shifts from what concept that is attributed to the discrepancy model?

A) Wait to fail
B) Believe and achieve
C) Efficient identification
D) Under-identification

Question 9

What instructional technique is frequently associated with cognitive training?

A) Direct instruction
B) Strategic instruction
C) Self-instruction
D) Guided notes

Question 10

Sherry has difficulty maintaining attention during an instructional lesson.What instructional model would be appropriate?

A) Direct instruction
B) Strategic instruction
C) Self-instruction
D) Guided notes

Question 11

Understanding the rules that govern the correspondence between specific sounds and certain letters that make up words is associated with

A) Phonemic awareness
B) Phonological awareness
C) Dyscalculia
D) Dyslexia

Question 12

Which learning disability is associated with a severe difficulty in recognizing and comprehending written words?

A) Phonemic awareness
B) Phonological awareness
C) Dyscalculia
D) Dyslexia

Question 13

George was suspected of having a learning disability.His teachers provided a series of instructional interventions to support his academic progress.How will his teachers determine the efficacy of these interventions?

A) Assessments
B) Progress monitoring
C) Interviews
D) Unit tests

Question 14

What percentage of students with learning disabilities receive services because of difficulties in mathematics?

A) 15%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 15

What is the suggested length for the delivery of tier 2 interventions to determine the effectiveness?

A) 5 weeks
B) 8 weeks
C) 15 weeks
D) As long as necessary

Question 16

Which phase focused on the study of brain functions and impact on cognitive impairments?

A) Foundation phase
B) Transition phase
C) Integration phase
D) Current phase

Question 17

What is the ability to evaluate and monitor one's own performance?

A) Meta-analysis
B) Metacognition
C) Self-assessment
D) Self-cognition

Question 18

What has developed when a student anticipates failure, frequently gives up, and may not attempt to complete a task?

A) Learned helplessness
B) Cognitive dysfunction
C) Motivation reduction
D) Cognitive repression

Question 19

What is the most common location for the delivery of services for students with learning disabilities?

A) General education classroom
B) Collaborative classroom
C) Resource classroom
D) Separate school setting

Question 20

How often should progress monitoring occur on the target skill to ensure adequate progress and learning?

A) Once a semester
B) Once every 9 weeks
C) Once a month
D) Twice a month

Question 21

Select a critical component for effectively including students with learning disabilities in the general classroom.

A) Extended time on assignments
B) Sufficient planning time with the general education and special education teachers
C) Assistive technology
D) Availability of manipulatives

Question 22

When assessing the presence of a disability, the ___________________ between the student's academic performance and the estimated potential is considered.

A) Discrepancy
B) Transition
C) Communication
D) Training

Question 23

What curriculum model views cognitive development as resulting from maturation coupled with the child's interaction with the environment?

A) Functional curriculum
B) Behavioral curriculum
C) Developmental/cognitive model
D) Environmental interaction model

Question 24

According to the text, all of the following people are suspected of having a learning disability except

A) Albert Einstein
B) Tom Cruise
C) Tom Selleck
D) Bruce Jenner

Question 25

One central component is the idea of a ______________________ between the student's academic performance and his or her estimated or assumed ability or potential.

A) Difference
B) Discrepancy
C) Disability
D) Disintegration

Question 26

What an individual believes about what contributes to his or her success or failure on a task is known as

A) Metacognition
B) Meta-analysis
C) Pragmatics
D) Attribution

Question 27

What factor(s)may place a child at risk for a learning disability?

A) Maternal alcohol and drug abuse
B) Chronic poverty
C) Low birth weight
D) All of the above

Question 28

Select the challenge that is not associated with students with learning disabilities.

A) Working independently with little feedback
B) Demonstrating knowledge through tests
C) Receiving instruction with typical peers
D) Interacting appropriately

Question 29

What percentage of children receiving a special education is classified with learning disabilities?

A) 80.5%
B) 10.2%
C) 40.7%
D) 50.2%

Question 30

A form of alternative assessment thought to provide a more accurate representation of what a student can accomplish is

A) Authentic
B) Curriculum based
C) Criterion referenced
D) Norm referenced

Question 31

What is the focus of the learning strategies approach?

A) When to learn
B) What to learn
C) Why to learn
D) How to learn

Question 32

Select the identification label for young children who evidence a persistent learning difficulty.

A) Autism
B) Behaviorally delayed
C) Developmentally delayed
D) Learning disability

Question 33

Which of the four phases, in the development of the field of learning disabilities, is marked by developing assessment instruments and remediation strategies?

A) Transition
B) Current
C) Foundation
D) Integration

Question 34

Who coined the term learning disability?

A) James T. Kirk
B) Thomas Edison
C) Samuel Kirk
D) Howard Gardner

Question 35

Most families of students with learning disabilities are

A) Dysfunctional
B) Well adjusted
C) Upper income
D) Median income

Question 36

Which of the following competency areas, in which there is discrepancy in achievement, could possibly indicate a learning disability?

A) Musical comprehension
B) Athletic intelligence
C) Geographical deficiencies
D) Written expression

Question 37

Which phrase best describes the history of learning disabilities?

A) A relatively recent concept
B) Known and treated for over a century
C) Easy to diagnose and treat
D) It rarely occurs anymore

Question 38

Nita has a learning disability and is enrolled in a community college and has not performed well on her unit tests.What is an accommodation that may support her learning?

A) Extra time on exams
B) Taking the exam in a distraction-free room
C) Taking the exam in a different format
D) All of the above

Question 39

All of the following are common components of the definition of learning disabilities except

A) Presence of intellectual disabilities
B) Discrepancy between assumed ability and actual achievement
C) Difficulty in learning in one or more subject areas
D) Presumption of central nervous system dysfunction

Question 40

Learning disabilities tend to be

A) Short in duration
B) Easy to see
C) Life threatening
D) A chronic condition

Question 41

"Every good boy does fine" represents notes in music.This type of memory tool is known as

A) Cognitive training
B) Mnemonic strategy
C) Direct instruction
D) Learning strategy

Question 42

Select the characteristic that is not associated with the definition of learning disabilities.

A) Reading comprehension problems
B) Attention issues
C) IQ of 70 or less
D) Poor social skills

Question 43

Individuals with learning disabilities experience effects of the disability only during the school-age years.

Question 44

The development of the field of learning disabilities is divided into four historical periods.Of the following, which is not one of the four?

A) Transition
B) Future
C) Foundation
D) Integration

Question 45

Most young students who have a learning disability may "outgrow" it before completing elementary school.

Question 46

All are steps typically used during cognitive training except

A) Pupil performs the task with teacher providing verbal directions
B) Child performs the activity while verbalizing aloud
C) Pupil performs the activity while silent
D) Child monitors and self-evaluates

Question 47

Students with learning disabilities tend to become passive or inactive learners.

Question 48

Students with learning disabilities do not spontaneously use effective learning strategies at the same rate as typically developing peers.

Question 49

_______________ is the key to meeting the instructional needs of students with learning disabilities.

A) Identification
B) Individualization
C) Preparation
D) Separation

Question 50

Only 6 of 10 students with learning disabilities graduate from high school with a regular diploma.

Question 51

The U.S.Department of Education (2013)reports slightly more than 9,000 young children with a learning disability.This number represents _____ percent of all preschoolers with a disability.

A) 1.2
B) 1.5
C) 2.5
D) 3

Question 52

Which of the following is not one of the common components of the definition of learning disabilities.

A) Significant gap or discrepancy between a student's assumed potential and actual achievement
B) Difficulty in learning in one or more academic areas
C) Below-average intellectual functioning
D) Lifelong condition

Question 53

Recent statistics compiled by the U.S.Department of Education indicate that only ____ out of 10 students with learning disabilities graduate from high school with a regular diploma.

A) 4
B) 7
C) 5
D) 6

Question 54

__________ approach stresses behaviors that have immediate relevance for students as they confront the demands of their natural environment.

A) Functional curriculum
B) Behavioral curriculum
C) Developmental/cognitive
D) Behavioral/cognitive

Question 55

________ is an umbrella approach covering a variety of education procedures designed to manipulate or modify a student's underlying thought patterns to effect observable changes in performance.

A) Cognitive training
B) Mnemonic strategy
C) Direct instruction
D) Learning strategy

Question 56

_______________ memory requires an individual to retain information while simultaneously engaging in another cognitive activity.

A) Long-term
B) Short-term
C) Working
D) Transitory

Question 57

PL 108-446 mandates that a ______ be part of each adolescent's IEP.

A) Speech therapy plan
B) Transition plan
C) Individualized family plan
D) Physical therapy plan

Question 58

In tier ___, preventive instruction is delivered to all students.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 59

Despite a solid multidisciplinary foundation, individuals with learning disabilities are often an enigma to their parents, teachers, and researchers in the field.

Question 60

A specialist in neurology who hypothesized that language disorders in children were due to the absence of cerebral dominance:

A) Samuel Orton
B) Grace Fernald
C) Newell Kephart
D) Marianne Frostig

Question 61

Children who are learning disabled usually keep pace with their peers academically.

Question 62

About 9 of every 10 individuals with learning disabilities spend some, most, or all of their school day in a regular classroom.

Question 63

Name three differences between the definition of learning disabilities proposed by Samuel Kirk and the definition incorporated in the Learning Disabilities Act of 1969.

Question 64

Newell Kephart advocated movement and physical exercises as a means of remediating learning problems.

Question 65

IDEA 2004 removed the discrepancy provision for identifying students with learning disabilities from federal legislation.

Question 66

There is a federal discrepancy formula for all states to use consistently for the identification of a learning disability.

Question 67

List four common components of the definitions of learning disability.

Question 68

The federal interpretation of the definition of a learning disability includes an exclusionary clause.

Question 69

The transition plan developed for students with learning disabilities focuses on preparation for success in higher education.

Question 70

A Summary of Performance (SOP)is required federal regulation for each student who attends secondary school.

Question 71

The field of learning disabilities is a multidisciplinary field.

Question 72

Well over half of all students identified as learning disabled exhibit problems with reading.

Question 73

Individualization is the key to meeting the instructional needs of pupils who have learning disabilities.

Question 74

All children with learning disabilities display characteristics of ADHD.

Question 75

Students with learning disabilities have the highest dropout rate of all students with disabilities.

Question 76

Children with learning disabilities almost always have subpar intelligence.

Question 77

A learning disability typically interferes with living independently, obtaining and maintaining employment, maintaining social relationships, and experiencing satisfaction with life in general.

Question 78

For many years, educators correctly assumed that children with learning disabilities would simply "outgrow" them.

Question 79

Criterion-referenced assessments measure a student's abilities against a predetermined mastery level.

Question 80

Mnemonic strategies are a component of direct instruction.