Deck 13: Individuals With Visual Impairments

Question 1

It is estimated that _____% of school-age children in the United States experience a vision loss significant enough to require specialized support.

A) 1.5
B) 1.8
C) 2.4
D) 3.2

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Socially appropriate behaviors must be taught to persons with visual impairments because they

A) May not be able to observe those behaviors in others
B) Often have cognitive disabilities
C) Are frustrated with their visual impairment
D) May not be aware of differences between themselves and their peers

Answer 2

A

Question 3

For individuals with visual impairments, vocational training should begin

A) During the transition from school to employment settings
B) During the transition to high school
C) At age 16
D) In preschool

Answer 3

D

Question 4

An appropriate learning medium for students with visual impairments is determined by

A) The availability of resources
B) The expertise of educational professionals
C) The student's type or degree of impairment
D) State legislative mandates

Question 5

Light enters the eye first through the

A) Retina
B) Iris
C) Cornea
D) Macula

Question 6

Which is not a part of a low-vision plan?

A) Annual fiscal budget for assistive technology
B) Prescription for low-vision devices
C) Technology devices
D) Referrals to community agencies

Question 7

The sclera refers to the

A) Inner layer of the eye
B) Colorless mass that fills the eyeball
C) White part of the eye
D) Transparent disc behind the pupil

Question 8

What percentage of students with disabilities do students with visual impairments account for?

A) 10%
B) 5%
C) 2%
D) 0.4%

Question 9

Which is not considered a typical characteristic of individuals with visual impairments?

A) Unusual head or eye movements
B) Poor grades
C) Cognitive disability
D) Frequent headaches

Question 10

Early residential schools for the blind in the United States were proposed by

A) Louis Braille
B) Samuel Gridley Howe
C) Carl Perkins
D) Diderot

Question 11

Why should Braille be addressed in the IEP?

A) To make sure that parents consent to its use
B) To ensure that schools will have to pay for print materials
C) To ensure ongoing consideration as a reading medium
D) To demonstrate to teachers how Braille can be used

Question 12

Learning to hold a cereal box within one's field of vision to read the price would an example of using

A) Residual vision
B) Field vision
C) Reduction strategies
D) Magnification

Question 13

One of the behavior characteristics in vision function problems is

A) Frequent eye pain
B) Delay in the development of speech
C) Increased interaction with peers
D) Decrease in spontaneous verbal comments

Question 14

In the eye, color is defined in the

A) Rod cells
B) Cone cells
C) Macula
D) Vitreous body

Question 15

Braille was first developed as a means to

A) Record Morse code communications
B) Write social communications to peers
C) Teach academics to school children with vision loss
D) Catalog books in early institutions for the blind

Question 16

A student's field loss is related to the

A) Ability to perceive details
B) Ability to see materials presented closely
C) Amount of vision in quadrant regions
D) Ability to discriminate color

Question 17

Which would likely not be a test accommodation for a student with a visual impairment?

A) Braille
B) Oral reading of the text to the student
C) Large print
D) Paraphrasing of testing materials

Question 18

Which is considered a difference between individuals labeled as being functionally blind and blind?

A) The use of light perception
B) The need for orientation and mobility training
C) The use of low vision to gain information from the environment
D) The use of Braille

Question 19

Which visual acuity is considered to be legally blind?

A) 20/200 or less in the better eye with correction
B) 20/200 or more in the worse eye with correction
C) 20/200 or less in the better eye without correction
D) 20/100 or less in either eye with correction

Question 20

Someone for whom sunlight may cause discomfort may have

A) Optic atrophy
B) Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)
C) Myopia
D) Ocular albinism

Question 21

The IEP team is responsible for determining

A) A student's access to community services
B) Accommodations for statewide assessments
C) A student's level of visual acuity
D) A student's visual field

Question 22

Which of the following is not part of "orientation and mobility"?

A) Where you are
B) Where you are going
C) Where you have been
D) How to get there

Question 23

All of the following describe types of vision impairments recognized by IDEA except

A) Snellen chart reduction
B) Reduction in visual acuity
C) Field loss
D) Restriction to the visual field

Question 24

Which type of Braille is used in many elevators?

A) Nemeth code
B) Grade 1
C) Grade 2
D) Grade 3

Question 25

Which is not a critical function of parent support groups?

A) Serve as a resource for educators
B) Outreach to other parents
C) Serve as a resource for legislators
D) Developing individualized education plans

Question 26

At what age should a child be enrolled in classes for children with visual impairments?

A) 2 years
B) 3 years
C) 5 years
D) 6 years

Question 27

All of the following are cited in the text as potential hazards to eye health except

A) Misuse of toys
B) Falls involving furniture
C) Hazardous household materials
D) Watching too much television

Question 28

Visual efficiency refers to which of the following?

A) How to prevent additional sight loss
B) Training of the use of residual vision
C) Budgeting resources, appropriately, for the visually impaired
D) None of the above

Question 29

What is the difference between Grade 1 and Grade 2 Braille?

A) Grade 1 Braille uses a letter-to-letter correspondence
B) Grade 2 Braille uses a letter-to-letter correspondence
C) Grade 1 Braille uses shorthand
D) Grade 2 is used when a child has residual vision, as it contains pictures

Question 30

What is the disorder in which one or more surfaces of the cornea are shaped like a football?

A) Cataracts
B) Albinism
C) Astigmatism
D) Nearsightedness

Question 31

Which of the following is most critical to the quality of literacy experiences for students with visual impairments?

A) Access to technology
B) Access to special classes
C) Access to general education peers
D) Access to the most recent books

Question 32

In which year was the first residential school for the blind opened in the United States?

A) 1784
B) 1831
C) 1829
D) 1832

Question 33

The middle layer of the eyeball containing veins and arteries best describes which part of the eye?

A) Conjunctiva
B) Cochlea
C) Cornea
D) Choroid

Question 34

Additional skills required by students with visual impairments are incorporated in the

A) Advanced core curriculum
B) Functional curriculum
C) Expanded core curriculum
D) Adapted skills paradigm

Question 35

Where are most students with visual impairment likely to be served?

A) Among typically developing peers
B) Among peers with visual impairments
C) In specialized school for students with visual impairments
D) In smaller settings among students with various disabilities

Question 36

Orientation and mobility training is required to

A) Teach independent travel
B) Increase one's knowledge of visual impairments
C) Acquire academic skills
D) Use computer technology

Question 37

All of the following are examples of age-appropriate cognitive skills that need to be integrated for and taught to young children with visual impairments except

A) Musical skills development
B) Fine motor skills development
C) Gross motor skills development
D) Receptive language development

Question 38

The visual acuity test most often used is called

A) Snellen chart
B) Stalin chart
C) Visual IQ test
D) Visual efficiency exam

Question 39

Who conducts the functional vision evaluation?

A) A vision specialist
B) A physician
C) An orientation and mobility specialist
D) An educational team

Question 40

Prior to age 3, services for children with visual impairments are provided according to the

A) IEP
B) Low-vision plan
C) IFSP
D) IDEA

Question 41

Equipment used for the "Daily Living and Self-Help" curriculum includes all except

A) Walkers
B) Automatic thermostats
C) Button switches
D) Lifts for swimming pools

Question 42

______________________ created the first school for children with vision loss.

A) Denis Diderot
B) Valentin Haüy
C) Nicholas Saunderson
D) Helen Keller

Question 43

Training of _________________may require that students learn to use spectacles, magnifiers, and other assistive devices.

A) Visual efficiency
B) Visual acuity
C) Braille
D) Mobility

Question 44

__________________ are lenses that become opaque or cloudy.

A) Retinas
B) Cataracts
C) Maculas
D) Corneas

Question 45

The colored, circular part of the eye in front of the lens that controls the size of the pupil is the _____.

A) Cornea
B) Iris
C) Lens
D) Vitreous humor

Question 46

A hereditary condition involving gradual degeneration of the retina is

A) Retinitis pigmentosa
B) Cataracts
C) Glaucoma
D) Macular degeneration

Question 47

A photophobic child will typically prefer to function in brighter settings.

Question 48

Hyperopia is also referred to as farsightedness.

Question 49

_____ is a colorless mass of soft, gelatin-like material that fills the eyeball behind the lens.

A) Cornea
B) Iris
C) Lens
D) Vitreous humor

Question 50

A documented visual impairment by a medical professional is the only requirement for students to receive special education services.

Question 51

All of the following are examples of adaptive software listed in the text except

A) Screen enlargement software
B) Screen readers
C) Speech recognition
D) Braille input devices

Question 52

The U.S.Department of Education reported that approximately ____ children ages 6 to 21 received services in the 2011-2012 school year because of a vision impairment.

A) 3,400
B) 15,000
C) 20,000
D) 25,700

Question 53

What percentage of school-age children in the United States experience vision impairment significant enough to require specialized support in their educational program?

A) 1%
B) 2.4%
C) 5.2%
D) 6%

Question 54

A Snellen chart is used to make the determination that someone is _____________.

A) Colorblind
B) Legally blind
C) Has a field loss
D) Able to use Braille

Question 55

Age-related needs that should be addressed by the IEP when designing a transition plan include

A) Travel
B) Low-vision devices
C) Leisure activities
D) All of the above

Question 56

Braille symbols consist of _______ possible dots arranged in two columns.

A) Four
B) Six
C) Eight
D) Ten

Question 57

An electronic Braille embosser that translates text from a Braille keyboard to a printer:

A) Trekker
B) Perkins Brailler
C) Mountbatten Brailler
D) Duxbury Braille Translator

Question 58

Some people with visual impairments can see well with appropriate correction.

Question 59

Educational assessments may be modified for accessibility in all but the following ways:

A) With larger print
B) Braille
C) Oral presentation
D) Video presentation

Question 60

________ was an early champion of the visually impaired who believed that persons who were blind could lead normal lives.

A) Diderot
B) Haüy
C) Paradis
D) Saunderson

Question 61

Vision problems affect 1 in 50 preschoolers and 1 in 3 school-age children.

Question 62

Several formal instruments are available to assess students with visual impairments in educational settings.

Question 63

Only a few children with visual impairment have concomitant developmental or physical disabilities.

Question 64

Approximately 5,000 new teachers of the visually impaired graduate each year.

Question 65

JAWS software produces synthetic speech.

Question 66

Dating for individuals with visual impairments is a typical concern for their families.

Question 67

Students with visual impairments often have other disabilities.

Question 68

The term legally blind has been used as the federal definition of blindness.

Question 69

Adults with visual impairments are often isolated from their peers.

Question 70

Students with a field loss, or a restriction to the visual field, must be taught to use auditory cues for safety purposes on the playground, in the classroom, and in other environments.

Question 71

Visual impairments are one of the least prevalent disabilities.

Question 72

Braille is used as a literacy medium along with print and auditory input if the child has any residual vision.

Question 73

The child with vision loss may travel with a cane, a dog, or a sighted guide and will require training in orientation and mobility.

Question 74

Approximately one fourth of students with visual impairments are served in residential schools.

Question 75

Toxoplasmosis is a severe infection transmitted through contact with domestic animals such as cats or chickens.

Question 76

Visual impairments do not include blindness.

Question 77

There are persistent shortages in trained personnel in the area of visual impairments.

Question 78

Appropriate assessment strategies are a prerequisite to effective teaching.

Question 79

The functional vision evaluation is a collaborative effort of the educational team for purposes of program planning.

Question 80

A functional vision assessment, while important, isn't performed until after other educational evaluations have been completed.