Deck 28: The Crisis of the Imperial Order

Question 1

In the early twentieth century, the Ottoman Empire was referred to as the

A) "Sick Man of Europe."
B) "Turkish Colossus."
C) "Evil Empire."
D) "Threat from the East."
E) "Scarlet Knights."

Answer 1

"Sick Man of Europe."

Question 2

During World War I, African Americans in the United States

A) faced even greater discrimination than previously.
B) were restricted to agricultural work.
C) were not allowed in the armed forces.
D) migrated to the cities of the north in vast numbers from the rural South.
E) gained equality with whites.

Answer 2

migrated to the cities of the north in vast numbers from the rural South.

Question 3

What was one of the fundamental weaknesses limiting the development of military strategy in Europe?

A) Mobilization was dependent on railroads rather than individual motor vehicles.
B) Proximity of nations to one another in forming alliances
C) Lack of a common currency to pay war debts
D) Conflicting political ideology regarding constitutional monarchies
E) The role of women in the workplace

Answer 3

Mobilization was dependent on railroads rather than individual motor vehicles.

Question 4

Which of the following was true of wartime food rationing after the failure of the potato crop in 1916?

A) The diets of the German poor improved.
B) The diet of the German population was limited to one thousand calories per day.
C) Food scarcity led to widespread cannibalism in Europe.
D) Civilians' diets remained completely unchanged while prisoners of war were starved.
E) Many Americans starved.

Question 5

What turned the political assassination of Franz Ferdinand into a world-wide event involving all of the Great Powers was:

A) competition among industrialized nations.
B) the pre-existing system of alliances triggered a chain of events beyond political control.
C) the familial squabbles of the royal houses of Europe, all grandchildren of Queen Victoria.
D) the opportunity to incite revolution in China and Russia.
E) the entry of the United States into the fray of war.

Question 6

Which of the European nations was least prepared to go to war?

A) Germany
B) Russia
C) France
D) England
E) Austro-Hungary

Question 7

Women during World War I

A) joined the work force.
B) refused to support the death and destruction of war on principle.
C) were largely members of the Socialist Party.
D) used their newly won voting privileges to elect pacifist candidates.
E) All of these

Question 8

German civilians during the war were significantly affected by:

A) crop failures
B) British blockages of supply deliveries.
C) a "turnip winter"
D) rationing in favor of the military.
E) all of these.

Question 9

The only German naval battle utilizing the expensive High Seas Fleet against the British Grand Fleet was at the

A) Battle of the Marne.
B) Battle of the Boyne.
C) Battle of Jutland.
D) Sinking of the Lusitania.
E) Sinking of the Titanic.

Question 10

Most European nations thought the war that started in 1914 would

A) be won by the fastest-moving army and the boldest general.
B) be long and costly.
C) end with little expense.
D) help unite the classes.
E) be won by slow perseverance.

Question 11

During World War I, Africa provided over a million Africans for armed services and

A) was the only region to prosper.
B) three times that number were drafted as porters to carry army equipment.
C) was the scene of the heaviest fighting.
D) united to oppose and overthrow colonial powers.
E) didn't support the war.

Question 12

Which of the following were factors in starting World War I?

A) Nationalism
B) Weakening of the Ottoman Empire
C) Competition for resources in colonial territories to fuel ongoing technology development
D) Alliances and interactive military plans
E) All of the above

Question 13

During the campaigns in the Caucasus and eastern Anatolia, Turkish military maneuvers deliberately caused

A) the destruction of naval access to the Aral Sea.
B) the deviation of Russian troops to the southern regions off the Eastern line.
C) the forced death march of hundreds of thousands of Armenians.
D) a confrontation with Italian troops who had not honored their part of the Triple Alliance.
E) suppression of secularization within the Turkish state.

Question 14

A new and potent defensive weapon in World War I was

A) the automatic pistol.
B) poison gas.
C) napalm.
D) the helicopter.
E) the machine gun.

Question 15

A unique aspect of the Western Front was

A) that only swords were "legal," so no guns were used.
B) the stalemate that ensued for three years along a three-hundred-mile-long line of armies from Switzerland to the North Sea.
C) that women made up a small percentage of the German fighting force.
D) that there was very little loss of life.
E) the German use of "blitzkrieg" on the battlefield.

Question 16

The Ottoman Turks signed a secret alliance with

A) the United States, hoping to gain Filipino territory.
B) Germany, hoping to gain Russian territory.
C) Japan, hoping to gain Chinese territory.
D) France, hoping to gain Italian territory.
E) Russia, hoping to gain Austrian territory.

Question 17

The event which drew the US out of neutrality and into the war by 1917 was:

A) sinking of the Lusitania in 1915.
B) German submarines attacking merchant convoys.
C) the bombing of civilians in Alsace Lorraine.
D) the Zimmerman telegram.
E) pressure by Woodrow Wilson.

Question 18

The early-twentieth-century system of alliances pitted the British, French, and Russians against the Triple Alliance of

A) the Japanese, Italians, and Germans.
B) the Ottomans, Italians, and Chinese.
C) Austria-Hungary, Japan, and Poland.
D) Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary.
E) Syria, Egypt, and Germany.

Question 19

According to the text, why was war desirable at the start of the twentieth century?

A) Spread of nationalism
B) For the past century, most wars had been swift and ended with decisive European victories.
C) Widespread desire for revenge for past wrongs
D) Eagerness to assert superiority of weapons technology
E) All of these

Question 20

What methods were used to gain support for the war effort?

A) Employment of women and African Americans
B) Urging people to invest in the war with savings bonds
C) Encouraging the growth of "victory gardens"
D) Writing poetry to instill nationalism and pride
E) All of the above

Question 21

Vladimir Lenin was the leader of the

A) Bolsheviks.
B) Mensheviks.
C) Social Revolutionaries.
D) Provisional Government.
E) Young Turks.

Question 22

The Russian army during the war

A) was the largest army in the world.
B) was very large but poorly supplied and led.
C) had incompetent generals.
D) had poorly trained and equipped soldiers.
E) all of the above.

Question 23

The policy decision that most affected future relations between the Jewish and Palestinian settlers was embodied in

A) the Balfour Declaration.
B) the Treaty of Brest Litovsk.
C) the Zimmerman Telegram.
D) the Dreyfus Affair.
E) the Doctors' Conspiracy.

Question 24

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was formed in 1922 by

A) joining Russia and the Soviet Ukraine.
B) allying Russia, Georgia, and Lithuania.
C) uniting Russia, Siberia, and Kazakhstan.
D) unifying all communist provinces.
E) a United Nations mandate.

Question 25

The influenza epidemic of 1918-1919

A) was a germ warfare attack by the Germans.
B) killed 1 million worldwide.
C) killed 20 million worldwide.
D) did not kill people, but killed horses.
E) was contained with the use of antibiotics.

Question 26

Deaths in World War I numbered between ____ million.

A) 4 and 5
B) 9 and 10
C) 15 and 17
D) 20 and 22
E) 45 and 50

Question 27

Which of the following was included in Lenin's plan for Russia?

A) Immediate surrender to Germany
B) Transfer of land to the peasants
C) Transfer of factories to the workers
D) A transfer of all power to the soviets
E) None of the above

Question 28

The British tried to defeat the Ottomans by

A) landing a large British army in Palestine.
B) using an Arab army led by Faisal against the Turks.
C) sending the Royal Navy to bombard Syria.
D) encouraging Christians to revolt.
E) planning a military coup in the Ottoman army.

Question 29

Because of the influx of refugees after the war, which countries passed immigration laws restricting immigration?

A) Canada
B) the United States
C) New Zealand
D) Australia
E) all of the above

Question 30

Woodrow Wilson's proposal for settlement of the European affairs was based on his principle of:

A) liberalism.
B) self-determination.
C) home rule.
D) mandates.
E) protectorate status.

Question 31

Which of the following were elements in the Treaty of Versailles that angered Germany?

A) The infamous "guilt clause"
B) The amount of reparations it had to pay
C) The loss of territory it sustained
D) Elimination of the German air force
E) All of the above

Question 32

Zionism was supported as an official policy by which country in the form of a declaration by the foreign secretary?

A) Russia
B) Germany
C) Britain
D) France
E) The Ottoman Empire

Question 33

Britain's main concern about the Turks was

A) getting revenge after they lost at Gallipoli.
B) that the Turks would close off British access to the East.
C) that they would take all of Britain's colonies in Africa.
D) to protect Protestant (Christian) forces in the Ottoman Empire.
E) that they would not allow the British access to archeological digs in the Near East.

Question 34

What were the significant differences between contenders for control of the Communist Party after Lenin's death in 1924?

A) Stalin wanted to focus on communism's establishment in Russia, and he believed socialism could survive "in one country."
B) Trotsky argued for the continuation of the NEP.
C) Stalin wanted an alliance with Germany and Italy because fascism seemed the best way to industrialize Russia rapidly.
D) Trotsky advocated maintaining an alliance with China, convinced that an Eastern Bloc of Communism could overthrow the industrialized West.
E) There was no significant difference in policies; it was a personal rivalry between Stalin and Trotsky.

Question 35

Which of the following "smaller" delegations was given consideration in the Versailles talks?

A) The Japanese proposal of racial equality.
B) W. E. B. Du Bois' call for resolution of the concerns of African people.
C) The demands of the Italians who had switched sides to the Entente.
D) The claims for an independent Arabic state by Faisal.
E) none of these.

Question 36

In the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Russia

A) won territories from the defeated Germans.
B) gained considerable territory from Turkey.
C) lost territory, including Poland, the Baltic states, and Finland.
D) ended its horrific civil war.
E) secretly planned to reenter the war.

Question 37

Which of the following were significant parts of Wilson's fourteen-point plan to end the war?

A) German evacuation of occupied lands
B) Autonomy for nationalities under Ottoman rule
C) Inclusion of local populations to settle territorial disputes
D) Formation of an association of nations to ensure the independence and territorial integrity of all states
E) All of the above

Question 38

Who was the leader of the British Zionist movement?

A) Max Planck
B) Albert Einstein
C) Claude Shannon
D) Chaim Weizmann
E) Theodore Herzl

Question 39

The Communist Party of the Soviet Union planned to pay for industrialization by

A) collecting taxes on agricultural production.
B) raising tariffs on all imports.
C) bleeding wealth from neighboring territories.
D) squeezing the peasants.
E) getting large loans from the World Bank.

Question 40

Lenin's New Economic Policy in 1921

A) allowed private workshops to produce goods.
B) allowed private merchants to trade.
C) allowed private ownership of all but the largest businesses.
D) allowed peasants to own land.
E) all of the above.

Question 41

What was the mandate system?

A) The League of Nations members divided a percentage of wealth generated by all colonies.
B) Colonial rulers administered former German and Ottoman territories but were held accountable to the League of Nations.
C) Colonialism was eliminated.
D) Colonies were incorporated into various nations with all the rights and liabilities of ordinary citizens.
E) An immigration system of guest workers was designed to supply the former colonizers with inexpensive laborers.

Question 42

Which of the following were challenges Japan faced after World War I?

A) very few natural resources and little arable land
B) regular typhoons
C) periodic earthquakes
D) rapidly rising population
E) all of the above

Question 43

Identify the following term(s).
Western Front

Question 44

What was the result of the Boxer Rebellion of 1900?

A) All foreign powers fled China, creating a power vacuum.
B) Western powers and Japan captured Beijing and demanded payments.
C) The Boxers overthrew the Dowager Empress Cixi.
D) The Communists captured Beijing and Hong Kong.
E) Opium was finally eradicated from China.

Question 45

After the crisis for leadership of the Bolshevik party, Trotsky

A) won from his support of the Old Bolsheviks.
B) co-ruled with Josef Stalin.
C) was murdered outside the Kremlin.
D) was expelled from the Communist party for "deviation from the party line"
E) was given the military award of the Order of the Red Banner.

Question 46

Japanese economic prosperity depended primarily on

A) Chinese raw materials.
B) conscripted labor from the rural areas to further industrialization.
C) foreign trade.
D) diplomatic relations to maintain open sea ports across the Pacific.
E) stability of weather.

Question 47

After the Ottoman Empire collapsed following the First World War, the modern Turkish state

A) was particularly harsh toward women's rights.
B) instituted many progressive reforms.
C) found security in embracing Islamic tradition.
D) clung closely to traditional Turkish customs.
E) returned to feudalism.

Question 48

According to the Memorandum of the General Syrian Congress in 1919 and their classification under the mandate system, the Syrians desired to have technical and economic assistance from:

A) Britain
B) France
C) The United States
D) Turkey
E) Egypt.

Question 49

Identify the following term(s).
Faisal

Question 50

The German crisis of 1923 was marked by

A) Germany's attempts to rebuild its military.
B) German reoccupation of Alsace and Lorraine.
C) the British military takeover of Berlin.
D) Germany recklessly printing money, causing the worst inflation the world had ever seen.
E) confiscation of church property by German authorities.

Question 51

Egypt in the 1920s

A) had "phony" independence instead of official British colonialism.
B) was finally independent of British influence.
C) remained a British mandate.
D) seized control of the Suez Canal from Britain.
E) had become one of the dominant world powers.

Question 52

The Communist Party's long-term vision of the Soviet Union focused on creating:

A) a modern industrial economy without private property.
B) a balanced economy with agriculture and industry under the auspices of the bourgeoisie.
C) a temporary state of capitalism followed by annihilation of the propertied classes.
D) world domination.
E) a military industrial complex to gain revenge on the Germans.

Question 53

In 1900, China's population was

A) 100 million.
B) 400 million.
C) 500 million.
D) 700 million.
E) 1 billion.

Question 54

Relative calm and prosperity came to German in the mid-1920's when they did which of the following?

A) joined the League of Nations.
B) borrowed money from New York banks to stabilize their economy.
C) began to rebuild its industries.
D) renegotiated its debt from the "war guilt clause"
E) all of the above.

Question 55

Which of the following zaibatsu was NOT one of the four which controlled most of Japan's industry and commerce?

A) Mitsui
B) Toyota
C) Mitsubishi
D) Yasuda
E) Sumitomo

Question 56

The main beneficiaries of Japan's prosperity in this period were the zaibatsu, who were

A) farmers.
B) young men and women of the cities.
C) large conglomerates.
D) the politicians and military.
E) the wealthy former nobles.

Question 57

The leader of the Guomindang after 1925 was:

A) Yuan Shikai
B) Chiang Kai-shek
C) Sun Yat-sen
D) Mao Tse Tung
E) Emperess Cixi

Question 58

Which of the following resulted when far more Jewish immigrants than anticipated arrived in Palestine?

A) The British tried to limit Jewish immigration.
B) Jewish settlers were smuggled in by militant Zionists.
C) The country was torn by strikes and guerilla war.
D) Britain was hated by both sides and much of the Arab world.
E) all of the above.

Question 59

The political orientation of the Guomindang after 1925 was

A) Monarchist.
B) Communist.
C) Authoritarian.
D) Socialist Republicans.
E) National Socialist

Question 60

In 1923, Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) turned Turkey into

A) a sultanate.
B) an Islamic state.
C) a secular republic.
D) a Communist state.
E) a "mega-state" through its merger with Greece.

Question 61

Identify the following term(s).
League of Nations

Question 62

Identify the following term(s).
Guomindang

Question 63

Identify the following term(s).
Sun Yat-sen

Question 64

Identify the following term(s).
Treaty of Sevres

Question 65

Identify the following term(s).
Theodore Herzl

Question 66

Identify the following term(s).
Atatürk

Question 67

Identify the following term(s).
Chiang Kai-shek

Question 68

Identify the following term(s).
Vladimir Lenin

Question 69

Identify the following term(s).
Fourteen Points

Question 70

Identify the following term(s).
Wafd Party

Question 71

Identify the following term(s).
Treaty of Versailles

Question 72

Identify the following term(s).
New Economic Policy

Question 73

Identify the following term(s).
Yuan Shikai

Question 74

Identify the following term(s).
Balfour Declaration

Question 75

Identify the following term(s).
Triple Alliance

Question 76

Identify the following term(s).
Bolsheviks

Question 77

Identify the following term(s).
mandate system

Question 78

Identify the following term(s).
Sick Man of Europe

Question 79

Identify the following term(s).
Joseph Stalin

Question 80

Identify the following term(s).
Woodrow Wilson