Deck 31: The Cold War and Decolonization

Question 1

In the wake of World War II, the model of economic recovery in the west emphasized

A) hoarding of resources from Communist countries.
B) a military industrial complex.
C) redevelopment of transportation infrastructures in the wake of wartime destruction.
D) restructuring of the labor system.
E) the production of consumer goods

Answer 1

the production of consumer goods

Question 2

The discovery by the United States that the Soviet Union had deployed nuclear missiles in Cuba in 1962 sparked

A) the blockade of the Soviet Union.
B) United States deployment of nuclear missiles in Turkey.
C) rebellion in Czechoslovakia.
D) the Bay of Pigs invasion.
E) the Cuban missile crisis.

Answer 2

the Cuban missile crisis.

Question 3

The United Nations Security Council included seven rotating members and which of the following nations as permanent members

A) the United States.
B) Britain.
C) the USSR.
D) France.
E) China.
F. All of the above

Answer 3

the United States.

Question 4

How did the USSR violate the Bretton Woods Conference agreement of 1946 to participate in the World Bank?

A) By insisting that Communism would overthrow the propertied classes.
B) By instituting a closed monetary system for itself and allied communist countries in Eastern Europe.
C) By invading Hungary in 1956.
D) By refusing to participate in the Marshall Plan.
E) By participating in a grain embargo against China.

Question 5

Why were Greece and Turkey admitted to NATO in 1947?

A) They were felt to be capable of participating in the EEC.
B) to check Soviet expansion in Europe.
C) They were democratic republics with constitutions and met the NATO criteria.
D) They provided missile bases to Western military forces.
E) To reward their resistance movements against the Axis powers during WW II.

Question 6

Restrictions on U.S. military operations during the Vietnam War were designed to prevent China from entering the war and

A) kept the U.S. from winning the war.
B) keep the Soviet army from entering the war.
C) appease American antiwar activists.
D) win the sympathy of the North Vietnamese leaders.
E) limit civilian casualties.

Question 7

Which of the following is not true of the Helsinki Accords?

A) were finalized in 1975.
B) were a precursor to human rights dialogue.
C) called for government and economic contact across the iron curtain.
D) said that no boundaries should be changed by military force.
E) called for the elimination of borders in Europe.

Question 8

One of the triumphs of the Green Revolution was:

A) construction of the Aswan Dam in Egypt.
B) Khrushchev's success in the Virgin Lands Campaign.
C) the development of "miracle rice"
D) mandating cleanup of toxic waste in third world countries abused by the Industrial Nations
E) raising public awareness of ecology and recycling in the 1960s.

Question 9

Which world leader claimed he would "reduce [the opposition] to a smoking, radiating ruin at the end of two hours" in the event of attack?

A) Josef Stalin
B) Nikita Khrushchev
C) Mae Zedong
D) Dwight D. Eisenhower.
E) John F. Kennedy

Question 10

What event was the catalyst for the space race?

A) The United States landing of a man on the moon
B) The successful Soviet flight of a man around the earth
C) The Soviet Sputnik satellite launch
D) The crash of the Apollo 11
E) The U-2 incident of 1960

Question 11

President Lyndon Johnson's reform agenda for American was committed to social reforms and civil rights initiatives and it was called the

A) New Deal.
B) Square Deal.
C) New Frontier.
D) Great Society.
E) Peace Corps.

Question 12

Decolonization was

A) the political ideology of the East versus the West.
B) largely complete before the onset of World War II.
C) often shaped by the need to align with either the United States or the Soviet Union.
D) limited to South Africa.
E) the root cause of war in El Salvador.

Question 13

The Korean War, 1950-1953, was limited to the Korean peninsula because

A) the United States feared that attacking China might prompt Soviet retaliation.
B) neither side could win a decisive victory.
C) military technology had stagnated.
D) geographic conditions favored a defensive war.
E) of the inaccessibility of its location.

Question 14

What factors raised the standards of living in post-war Western Europe?

A) increased wages.
B) government sponsored health care.
C) social welfare programs including pensions and grants to the poor.
D) income redistribution.
E) all of these.

Question 15

Bangladesh emerged as an independent nation in 1971 from

A) Pakistan.
B) Tamir India.
C) French Indochina.
D) English Burma.
E) Sri Lanka.

Question 16

Who were the Viet Cong?

A) A North Vietnamese supported communist guerilla movement.
B) Chinese military advisors to the North Vietnamese.
C) CIA sponsored freedom troops for South Vietnam.
D) Neutral Vietnamese who wanted decolonization.
E) Westernized, pro-French South Vietnamese middle classes.

Question 17

The first humans to ever walk on the moon were:

A) Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong.
B) Chuck Yeager and Sally Ride.
C) Michael Collins and James Lovell.
D) Sergei Korolov and Yuri Gagarin.
E) Vladimir Komarov and Alexei Leonov.

Question 18

The Marshall Plan

A) was used currency reserves from member nations to finance temporary trade deficits.
B) had launched a process of economic cooperation and integration.
C) had provided 20 billion dollars in economic aid to friendly European countries by 1961.
D) was never enacted due to partisan political feuds in Congress.
E) had helped to rebuild Japan.

Question 19

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), established in 1949, was a

A) military alliance consisting of the United States and western European countries.
B) military alliance consisting of the USSR and eastern European countries.
C) military alliance of newly freed African countries.
D) military alliance of the recently defeated countries of World War II.
E) military compact among the nonaligned states.

Question 20

The Soviet-dominated counterpart to NATO, which included countries of eastern Europe, was the

A) Warsaw Pact.
B) Green Revolution.
C) Helsinki Accords.
D) Détente agreements.
E) Bretton Woods Collective.

Question 21

The Cold War isolated and excluded Japan from world political issues, helping Japan to

A) quietly begin to rebuild its military.
B) regain control over its wartime territories.
C) rebuild and develop its economic strength.
D) open its borders to immigrants from nations at war.
E) All of these

Question 22

In 1956, 25 percent of Cuban national income was derived from

A) tin and nickel mining.
B) the United Fruit Company.
C) sugar manufacture and export.
D) United States foreign aid.
E) casinos and tourism.

Question 23

Which of the following is true of Israel?

A) It was declared an independent Jewish state in 1948.
B) It defeated armies sent by Arab countries in 1948.
C) It displaced 700,000 Palestinian refugees.
D) It regained Jerusalem in 1967.
E) all of the above

Question 24

In 1947 India and Pakistan went to war over the

A) export of Kashmir wool.
B) northwestern state of Kashmir.
C) assassination of the Hindu leader Indira Gandhi.
D) breech of a nuclear weapons pact.
E) All of these

Question 25

South African governments used policies of racial segregation called

A) blitzkrieg.
B) partition.
C) secession.
D) volkgeist.
E) apartheid.

Question 26

Which of the following can be said of the French-Algerian War?

A) It ended in 1962 with Algerian independence.
B) Algerian forces were supported by Egypt and other Arab countries.
C) It began with an uprising in 1954.
D) It produced an Algerian independence movement organized by the Front de Liberation National of the FLN.
E) All of the above.

Question 27

The first British colony in West Africa to gain independence was

A) Ghana.
B) Rhodesia.
C) Guinea.
D) Nigeria.
E) Egypt.

Question 28

Steve Biko was

A) Prime Minister of the apartheid government in South Africa.
B) one of the founders of the Black Consciousness Movement.
C) a radical within the African National Congress
D) an Anglican bishop within South Africa who won the Nobel Peace Prize.
E) elected as president of the new Republic of Zimbabwe.

Question 29

The United States overthrew the Guatemalan government in 1954, employing for the first time operatives of the CIA, because

A) it mistreated agricultural workers.
B) it threatened to seize large agricultural estates owned by the United Fruit Company.
C) of repeated strikes by trade unionists.
D) it failed to pay the army regularly.
E) it was harboring kidnappers of American missionaries.

Question 30

Which leader of the African National Congress organized guerrilla resistance in 1960 against South African apartheid?

A) Leopold Senghor
B) Kwame Nkrumah
C) Jomo Kenyatta
D) Nelson Mandela
E) Patrice Lamumba.

Question 31

Third World nations were

A) unwilling to flirt with either the US or the USSR.
B) ignored by the Soviet Union.
C) mostly in Latin America.
D) usually newly independent, poor nations.
E) all in the Northern Hemisphere.

Question 32

Since World War II, the most important political issue in Arab countries has been the

A) struggle with Israel and the plight of the Palestinians.
B) Suez Canal crisis.
C) military coup in Iraq.
D) independence of OPEC nations.
E) decision to join the European Common Market.

Question 33

Mao Zedong's 1958 Great Leap Forward was intended to propel China into a world industrial power and was a plan designed to

A) build an alliance with the Soviet Union.
B) isolate China from foreign influences.
C) build modern Western-style factories.
D) industrialize using small-scale industries and collectivized agriculture.
E) put a man into space.

Question 34

The 1966 Chinese Cultural Revolution was initially intended to instill revolutionary fervor of Chinese youth formed into

A) intellectual institutions.
B) radical networks.
C) comminterns.
D) Red Guard units.
E) none of the above

Question 35

Which of the following best describes the independence movement in the Belgian Congo?

A) It was a civil war.
B) It introduced foreign mercenaries,
C) It was characterized by contending political and ethnic groups.
D) It included Cold War protagonists like Cuba and the U.S.S.R.
E) all of the above

Question 36

Ho Chi Minh cooperated with the United States during World War II, but soon after the war he inspired

A) nationalist movements in Vietnam against China.
B) the building of the Contra regime in Hanoi.
C) a treaty between North and South Korea.
D) a nationalist coalition against the French.
E) students to go to Europe and study Marxism.

Question 37

Which of the following countries allied to invade Egypt and seize the Suez Canal?

A) Israel.
B) Great Britain.
C) France.
D) all of the above
E) b and c only

Question 38

The Bay of Pigs invasion of 1961

A) was a response to the Cuban missile crisis.
B) was a failed United States-sponsored attempt to overthrow Castro.
C) led to the overthrow of Batista.
D) was Cuban terrorists attacking U.S. military bases in Florida.
E) All of these

Question 39

Kenya faced a difficult task in winning independence mostly because of

A) the influence of coffee planters who felt Africans were not ready for independence.
B) the lack of a well-educated Kenyan leader.
C) the nonviolent nature of Kenyan nationalism.
D) its large supplies of oil, which made it a prime target for invasion by other African nations.
E) all of these.

Question 40

Most of the leaders of African independence movements were:

A) pro Communist.
B) committed to imparting democracy.
C) among the most westernized members of their society.
D) oppressed by imperial European governments.
E) influenced by the Soviet economic model.

Question 41

Identify the following term(s).
Helsinki Accords

Question 42

Identify the following term(s).
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Question 43

Identify the following term(s).
Vietnam War

Question 44

Identify the following term(s).
Cuban missile crisis

Question 45

Identify the following term(s).
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

Question 46

Identify the following term(s).
Korean War

Question 47

Identify the following term(s).
iron curtain

Question 48

Identify the following term(s).
Marshall Plan

Question 49

An example of new awareness of environmental issues in the United States was the

A) establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency in 1970.
B) government takeover of the Chrysler Corporation.
C) damming of the Colorado River.
D) 1967 law prohibiting strip mining.
E) All of these

Question 50

Identify the following term(s).
European Economic Community (Common Market)

Question 51

The Egyptian-Israeli war in 1973 led directly to the

A) autonomy of the Palestinian people.
B) Arab oil embargo.
C) creation of the PLO.
D) Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.
E) United Nations troops being stationed in the Gaza Strip.

Question 52

Identify the following term(s).
World Bank

Question 53

Identify the following term(s).
Cold War

Question 54

Identify the following term(s).
non-aligned nations

Question 55

Which of the following can be said of the Six Day War of 1967?

A) It was a preemptive attack by Israel on Egyptian and Syrian airbases.
B) It resulted in Israel's acquisition of all of Jerusalem and the West Bank.
C) It resulted in Israel's acquisition of the Gaza Strip, Golan Heights, and the Sinai Peninsula.
D) It was a victory for Israel.
E) all of the above

Question 56

Identify the following term(s).
Warsaw Pact

Question 57

Identify the following term(s).
United Nations

Question 58

Identify the following term(s).
Cultural Revolution (China)

Question 59

The superpowers didn't view the struggle between Israel and the Arab states as a vital concern until

A) Israel developed nuclear capabilities.
B) Anwar Sadat was assassinated.
C) the Oslo Accords were signed.
D) the oil wealth of the Middle East was used against the nations that supported Israel in the 1973 war.
E) All of these

Question 60

Identify the following term(s).
Third World

Question 61

Identify the following term(s).
Khmer Rouge

Question 62

Identify the following term(s).
Kashmir

Question 63

Discuss whether the Cold War was caused more by political ideology or technology. Why did this issue come to overshadow the process and importance of decolonization?

Question 64

What was the experience of Africans in British colonies during their struggle for independence?

Question 65

Describe the economic and political struggle between Third World nations in Latin America and the United States.

Question 66

Describe the political situation in the Middle East after World War II, with particular emphasis on the region's production of oil.

Question 67

Briefly discuss the origins of the Vietnam War. What two broad global contexts explain the onset of that conflict? What were the long-term repercussions of United States involvement in Vietnam?

Question 68

Describe decolonization and nation building in South and Southeast Asia.

Question 69

How did the Cold War affect China and Japan?

Question 70

How was "World War III" avoided in the post-World War II period?

Question 71

Fidel Castro's political actions in Cuba were intended to _______________.

Question 72

Describe the origins and functions of the United Nations. Research the Internet and newspapers to find current articles about the United Nations, and explain the issues currently being addressed there. Has the United Nations been an effective peacekeeping institution?

Question 73

What was the difference between the League of Nations and the United Nations to achieve a resolution or action?

Question 74

Identify the following term(s).
Kwame Nkrumah

Question 75

Identify the following term(s).
Ho Chi Minh

Question 76

What is meant by the term "bipolar world?"

Question 77

What was the most significant threat of the Cold War?

Question 78

Identify the following term(s).
The Green Revolution

Question 79

Identify the following term(s).
IMF

Question 80

African colonies shared many internal problems in their struggles for independence. What were some of those internal problems?