Deck 32: The End of the Cold War and the Challenge of Economic Development and Immigration

Question 1

In order to finance arms to Iran to secure the release of American hostages in Lebanon, President Ronald Reagan illicitly sold arms to the Contras and financed the war against the:

A) Cubans.
B) Sandinistas.
C) Juan Peron.
D) Afghan rebels.
E) Salvadore Allende.

Answer 1

Sandinistas.

Question 2

Neo-liberalism in Latin America eroded due to

A) free democratic reform elections in Latin America after deposing the dictatorships such as Pinochet's.
B) an emphasis on central control of the economy by the state.
C) deregulation of the oil industry.
D) shifting the emphasis of the economy in Latin America to cash crops.
E) political scandals and a slowing world economy.

Answer 2

political scandals and a slowing world economy.

Question 3

Under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping, China

A) experienced economic growth due to the freeing of industries from the state-run system.
B) restricted foreign investment for the first time since 1949.
C) endorsed the first Clean Air and Clean Water Act in the world.
D) experienced a backward slide into doctrinaire communism.
E) Both A and B

Answer 3

experienced economic growth due to the freeing of industries from the state-run system.

Question 4

Which United States president worked to reestablish Panamanian sovereignty over the U.S. built and controlled Canal Zone?

A) Ronald Reagan
B) Jimmy Carter
C) Gerald Ford
D) George Bush
E) Bill Clinton

Question 5

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini led an Iranian revolt in 1979 against the former shah and then implemented

A) a communist regime.
B) a pro-American (but anti-Carter) policy.
C) a nationalization of the oil industry, gaining the enmity of the UAE and OPEC participants.
D) persecution of all non-Shi'ites.
E) a parliamentary republic with strict control by religious officials.

Question 6

Salvador Allende sought to implement socialist reforms in what country?

A) Chile
B) Brazil
C) Argentina
D) Costa Rica
E) Belize

Question 7

The policy of restructuring called perestroika in the Soviet Union was authorized by

A) Mikhail Gorbachev.
B) Leonid Breshnev.
C) Josef Stalin.
D) Boris Yeltsin.
E) None of the above.

Question 8

Crucial to the success of the Japanese economy in the 1970s and 1980s was:

A) participation in the European Common Market.
B) speculation in American real estate.
C) tariffs and import regulations restricting foreign competition.
D) breaking up the zaibatsu
E) achieving trade relations with China.

Question 9

The keiretsu were

A) a consortium of business networks in telecommunications.
B) an alliance of corporations and banks that ruled the Japanese economy.
C) a neo-liberal business conglomerate in the Japanese auto industry.
D) Japanese "new money" men.
E) philosopher-industrialists.

Question 10

Muhammad Reza Pahlavi, the The Shah of Iran, was supported strongly by

A) the religious factions of Iran.
B) secular reformers and industrialists.
C) the United States.
D) Amnesty International.
E) None of these

Question 11

"Dirty war" was so deemed because it was characterized by

A) leftist propaganda during the Cold War
B) the use of long-lasting radioactive weapons.
C) tremendous deforestation and stripping of natural resources.
D) torture and executions by the military.
E) a peasant movement against the wealthy landowners.

Question 12

One of the reasons for the outbreak of the Iran-Iraq war was

A) Saddam Husain's fear that the revolutionary government of Iran would incite Iraq's Shi'ites to rebellion.
B) US pressure on Iraq to invade Iran.
C) Khomeini's desire to gain control of Iraq's oil industry.
D) regional instability as a result of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
E) Saddam Husain's desire to spark an Islamic revolution in Iran.

Question 13

As a response to the protests that culminated in hundreds of thousands protesting in Tiananmen Square, the Chinese government

A) asked the United Nations to bring in peacekeepers.
B) used force, killing hundreds and arresting thousands.
C) accepted reforms.
D) disbanded the Communist government and allowed free elections.
E) attacked Japanese naval bases in Samoa.

Question 14

The "Contras" were

A) Nicaraguan revolutionaries who supported the Sandinistas.
B) the group of United States congressional opponents to the Reagan policy in South America.
C) counterrevolutionaries financed by the Reagan administration to oppose the leftist Sandinistas.
D) El Salvadoran revolutionaries.
E) Cuban terrorists organized by Castro to avenge the Bay of Pigs.

Question 15

Which of the following is one of the "Asian Tigers"?

A) Taiwan
B) South Korea
C) Hong Kong
D) Singapore
E) All of the above

Question 16

The "Brazilian Solution" refers to

A) the rapid population expansion in Latin American nations.
B) Amerindian genocide.
C) the combination of dictatorship, repression, and government promotion of industrialization.
D) a chemical spray used to destroy the rain forest.
E) the development of a defense against nuclear attack.

Question 17

The first Latin American nation to experience conservative reaction to the Cuban revolution by the army overthrowing their constitutional government in 1964 was

A) Argentina.
B) Peru.
C) Brazil.
D) Venezuela.
E) Uruguay.

Question 18

Which country was engaged in an "unwinnable war" with Afghanistan in the 1980s?

A) The United States
B) Iran
C) France
D) Iraq
E) The USSR

Question 19

The "Dirty War" fought between the military and leftist groups was in

A) Chile.
B) Brazil.
C) Nicaragua.
D) Panama.
E) Argentina.

Question 20

Which is most true of the communist states by the 1980s and 1990s?

A) They were uniform in character.
B) They were subservient to the USSR.
C) They had never engaged in an armed conflict with another communist state.
D) Deep divisions had appeared among communist states.
E) The collapse of the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact states was widely foreseen and predicted in the 1980s.

Question 21

87 percent of the people infected with HIV live in

A) Latin America.
B) the Caribbean.
C) Asia.
D) Africa.
E) all of the above

Question 22

After the fall of the Soviet Union, a morass of separatism and warring and ethnic and religious groups undermined the Balkan nation of

A) Czechoslovakia.
B) Greece.
C) Yugoslavia.
D) Bulgaria.
E) Estonia.

Question 23

By the 1960s, developed countries decreased the rate of mortality and had made the "demographic transition" toward

A) decreased life expectancy.
B) increased mortality rates.
C) lowered fertility rates.
D) rapid population growth.
E) embraced euthanasia.

Question 24

World population between 1950-1985

A) increased by 25%
B) increased by 50%
C) increased by 100%
D) increased 400%
E) decreased by 20%

Question 25

Ethnic cleansing in the Balkans occurred between

A) Christian Serbians and Muslims.
B) Serbians and Ottomans.
C) Greeks and Serbians.
D) Russians and Croatians.
E) Albanians and Armenians.

Question 26

Following the fall of the Berlin Wall, East Germany was united with West Germany in

A) 1975.
B) 1980.
C) 1985.
D) 1990
E) 1998.

Question 27

In 1798, Thomas Malthus argued that in China

A) a healthy economy would reduce the population.
B) a poor economy would drive people back to the land.
C) population growth would promote economic gains.
D) population growth would outstrip food production.
E) maximum population growth is part of God's beneficial design.

Question 28

Despite the unprecedented global economic growth since 1945, the majority of the world's population

A) is disinterested in consumer goods.
B) remains in poverty.
C) views education as only a "necessary evil."
D) owns some shares of stock.
E) All of these

Question 29

NATO forces were dispatched to the Balkans and used air strikes against Serbia to stop ethnic cleansing in:

A) Albania.
B) Montenegro
C) Bosnia-Herzogovinia
D) Kosovo
E) Croatia

Question 30

Which two countries have the largest and second largest populations constituting approximately one-third of the world's population?

A) The United States and Mexico
B) The United States and Canada
C) Egypt and Syria
D) Nigeria and Kenya
E) China and India

Question 31

The Soviet Union was dissolved in

A) 1991.
B) 1985.
C) 1979.
D) 1994.
E) None of these

Question 32

What powerful force ultimately caused the USSR to dissolve?

A) Racism
B) Mercantilism
C) Nationalism
D) Capitalism
E) Pacifism

Question 33

The result of the hard-line Communist coup against Gorbachev was that

A) Boris Yeltsin led popular resistance to the coup.
B) communism remained the preference of the Russian people.
C) the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) effectively took the place of the USSR.
D) a and c above
E) All of these

Question 34

Internal migration in developing nations has increased threefold between 1925 and 1950 and then the pace accelerated from there resulting in

A) migrants enjoying a better life in the cities.
B) the destruction of the nuclear family.
C) the return of the migrants to their former homes.
D) migrants being generally less economically well-off.
E) migrants facing "class warfare" when they took jobs from city dwellers.

Question 35

In 1994, genocide was perpetrated by

A) Rwandan Hutus against Tutsis.
B) South African minorities against blacks.
C) Egyptian Christians against Muslims.
D) Sudanese Arabs against the people of Darfur.
E) Muslim Nigerians against Christians.

Question 36

Solidarity was

A) a labor union of Polish shipyard workers.
B) supported by the Catholic Church in Poland.
C) a union that caused the Polish government to impose martial law.
D) a potent force with nationally recognized leaders.
E) all of these.

Question 37

The playwright who was elected president of Czechoslovakia in 1990 was

A) Nicolae Ceausescu.
B) Vaclav Havel.
C) Lech Walesa.
D) Petr Andropov.
E) Andrei Sakharov.

Question 38

Although immigrants from developing nations bring many benefits to a new country, they

A) normally returned home after only a few months.
B) vote for conservative candidates in general elections.
C) were expelled from most European countries in the late 1990s.
D) face anti-immigrant discrimination and resentment.
E) None of these

Question 39

Which of the following factors have contributed to the declining life expectancy in eastern Europe?

A) unemployment
B) low incomes
C) decreased social
D) food shortages
E) all of the above

Question 40

Which of the following is generally associated with the low birthrates of older industrial nations?

A) Modern consumer culture.
B) Higher levels of women's employment and education.
C) Access to contraception and abortion.
D) Women deferring marriage and children until they have established careers.
E) All of the above.

Question 41

Identify the following term(s).
proxy wars

Question 42

Identify the following term(s).
Saddam Husain

Question 43

Which of the following is true about technological innovation after World War II?

A) It gave rise to an economic expansion and increased productivity.
B) It changed the way people lived, worked, and played.
C) It increased the power of industrialized nations relative to the developing world.
D) It intensified environmental destruction.
E) all of the above

Question 44

Identify the following term(s).
Sandinistas

Question 45

Anti-immigrant feelings in industrialized nations are mostly due to

A) labor shortages in the host country.
B) illegal activity among immigrant groups.
C) an ethnically derived sense of nationality.
D) expanding economic opportunity.
E) all of these.

Question 46

Identify the following term(s).
Dirty War

Question 47

Identify the following term(s).
Asian Tigers

Question 48

Identify the following term(s).
Tiananmen Square

Question 49

Identify the following term(s).
neo-liberalism

Question 50

Identify the following term(s).
keiretsu

Question 51

The most influential technology of the last four decades has been

A) the computer.
B) nuclear energy.
C) industrial robots.
D) jet airplane transportation.
E) the combustion engine.

Question 52

In the developing world since the 1990s, which factors were the most difficult obstacles to effective environmental policies?

A) increased population pressures
B) weak governments
C) rapid industrial growth
D) all of the above
E) a and b only

Question 53

The primary agent of technological change in the twentieth century is the

A) small businessman.
B) transnational corporation.
C) government.
D) university.
E) research laboratory.

Question 54

Efforts to preserve the environment include

A) the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Endangered Species Act.
B) promoting the use of solar and wind power.
C) manufacturing fuel-efficient cars.
D) recycling efforts.
E) all of these.

Question 55

As Western economies recovered from World War II, most

A) new technologies increased labor requirements.
B) consumers sought new goods to purchase.
C) people wanted to stop government spending on the production of weapons.
D) industries resisted applying new technologies.
E) governments insisted on "balanced budget" amendments.

Question 56

Identify the following term(s).
Deng Xiaoping

Question 57

What factors have contributed to the globalization of fast food?

A) later marriage ages in modern industrial societies
B) busy schedules mean less family meals
C) increased immigration and travel.
D) greater cultural promotion in various media
E) all of these

Question 58

Identify the following term(s).
Salvador Allende

Question 59

Identify the following term(s).
newly industrialized economies (NIEs)

Question 60

Identify the following term(s).
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini

Question 61

Identify the following term(s).
demographic transition

Question 62

What part did technological innovation play in the economic expansion after World War II? What is the role of the transnational corporation on the dissemination of technology?

Question 63

Identify the following term(s).
Solidarity

Question 64

Identify the following term(s).
perestroika

Question 65

Identify the following term(s).
Taliban

Question 66

Explain the characteristics of the newly industrialized economies (NIEs) of the Pacific Rim that allowed those nations to quickly industrialize and become global economic powers. Be specific.

Question 67

Identify the following term(s).
Kosovo

Question 68

Identify the following term(s).
Muhammad Reza Pahlavi

Question 69

Identify the following term(s).
Deng Xiaoping

Question 70

Identify the following term(s).
Karol Wojtyla

Question 71

In the years since World War II, how have economic development and population growth altered world migration patterns?

Question 72

Identify the following term(s).
General Manuel Noriega

Question 73

Discuss global population growth since World War II, and compare the impact of population growth in developing and industrialized nations since World War II.

Question 74

Identify the following term(s).
ethnic cleansing

Question 75

Identify the following term(s).
HIV/AIDS

Question 76

How did American and Soviet imperialism in the Middle East lead to Islamic revolutions in Iran and Afghanistan? How did they become highly publicized examples of the frustrations of the United States and the Soviet Union?

Question 77

Identify the following term(s).
Mikhail Gorbachev

Question 78

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, new sources of conflict became immediately evident in the Middle East. Describe the first conflict after the end of the Cold War in the Middle East, and explain the events that led up to it and resolved it.

Question 79

Identify the following term(s).
Thomas Malthus

Question 80

What conditions led to the end of the Cold War and the breaking up of the USSR?