Deck 10: Using Nursing Theory to Guide Professional Practice

Question 1

What example illustrates the conclusion that can be drawn from inductive reasoning?

A) Bachelors are unmarried men and Danny is unmarried; therefore, Danny is a bachelor.
B) Every eagle seen this week has dark feathers; therefore, all eagles have dark feathers.
C) Most Ford vehicles are reliable, so the Ford you just bought will be reliable, too.
D) All dogs have fleas; therefore, my dog has fleas.

Answer 1

B
"Every eagle seen this week has dark feathers; therefore, all eagles have dark feathers" is correct. Inductive reasoning proceeds from the specific to the general. That is, an observation is made, and patterns are recognized; this leads to a tentative hypothesis and then finally a general conclusion about a broad generalization. The other answer choices are all examples of deductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning goes from the general to the specific.

Question 2

Select the scientific theory used in several nursing theories to explain the following scenario: One nurse, whose adult son died in the ER 11 years ago, contends that she can never walk into a hospital again and quits her job. A second nurse, whose husband died in the hospital, continues to work her shifts responsibly and compassionately without incident.

A) Role theory
B) Adaptation theory
C) Developmental theories
D) Systems theory

Answer 2

B
Adaptation theory explains the ability of living things to adjust, or adapt, in response to continuous internal or external stimuli. This theory illustrates how humans cope or don't cope with physical, developmental, emotional, intellectual, social, and spiritual stressors. Role theory describes how roles of individuals in their family may change over a lifetime. Developmental theories explain the interdependence of the systems in the body helping to reveal the presence of health and illness. Systems theory describes the relationship of the environment, both internal and external, with the individual and how changing one part affects all other parts.

Question 3

How would you justify that a nursing theory is, in fact, a middle-range nursing theory? (Select all that apply.)

A) It is simple, clear, generalizable, and accessible.
B) It focuses on answering specific nursing practice questions.
C) It predicts the effects of one phenomenon on another.
D) It explains relationships.
E) It is built on several important adapted scientific theories.

Answer 3

B, C, D
Middle-range nursing theories focus on answering specific nursing practice questions. They can describe phenomena, explain relationships, and predict the effects of one phenomenon on another. All theories should be clear, simple, generalizable, important, and accessible, not just middle-range nursing theories. Nursing theories, in general, are built on adapted scientific theories, not just middle-range nursing theories.

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of the application of Madeleine Leininger's Cultural Care Theory of Diversity and Universality?

A) Preparing a patient for a medical procedure by using medical terminology
B) Learning about diverse ethnic patient populations
C) Planning nursing care in a standardized manner ensuring that everyone is treated the same way
D) Asking a non-English-speaking patient to provide an English-speaking person to translate details of care

Question 5

The nurse providing teaching on a weight loss program to the obese patient is applying which nursing model developed by Nola Pender?

A) Interpersonal relations
B) Health promotion
C) Conservation
D) Adaptation

Question 6

What changes in nursing practice did Florence Nightingale make to improve the personal care of patients?

A) Behaviors
B) Environment
C) Culture
D) Communication

Question 7

Betty Neuman's Systems Model for nursing emphasizes the holistic aspects of nursing from a systems-based perspective. Which of the following is not an example of the clinical application of this theory?

A) Caring for the patient at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of care
B) Evaluating patient stability
C) Focusing on the nurse-patient relationship
D) Evaluating the effect of stressors on the patient

Question 8

Which statement by a nurse reflects an accurate understanding of systems theory?

A) "My patient has anemia reflected by low RBC, Hgb, and Hct values, so I have to monitor for fatigue, dyspnea, and tachycardia."
B) "It is my responsibility to provide my patients with basic human needs including food, water, and sleep."
C) "Would you like me to call the chaplain for you to discuss your feelings about your upcoming surgery?"
D) "My patient's daughter makes all decisions and living arrangements for my patient such as reserving a home health aide and Meals on Wheels during the week."

Question 9

What skills would a nurse demonstrate if the nurse reached the "competent stage" of Patricia Benner's theory of skill acquisition?

A) Relies on more experienced nurses for guidance
B) Can multitask, set goals, and think analytically
C) Can see the whole picture and recognizes subtle changes in condition
D) Recognizes patterns and responds automatically

Question 10

What parts make up and work together in Imogene King's Theory of Goal Attainment? (Select all that apply.)

A) Creating a method to evaluate outcomes
B) Defining quality nursing care
C) Setting goals
D) Focusing on self-care
E) Maintaining a clean environment

Question 11

What example illustrates the conclusion that can be drawn from deductive reasoning?

A) All men are mortal and the Dalai Lama is a man; therefore, the Dalai Lama is mortal.
B) The planet Earth orbits the Sun; therefore, all planets orbit the Sun.
C) Five marbles taken from the bag are blue; therefore, all marbles from the bag are blue.
D) The first five people you met at a work interview were nice; therefore, everyone at this office is nice.

Question 12

A group of nursing students was discussing the functions of nursing theories. Which statement below would give the impression a student requires more review of the material?

A) "Nursing theories help guide professional practice by interpreting evidence."
B) "Nursing theories have little effect on decision-making in practice."
C) "Nursing theories are influenced by personal values and beliefs."
D) "Nursing theories influence professional behaviors."

Question 13

Which of the following are the concepts common among most nursing philosophies, models, and theories?

A) Person, nurse, health, and environment
B) Person, physician, health, and environment
C) Person, nurse, health, and culture
D) Person, nurse, environment, and culture

Question 14

Identify the catalyst of Jean Watson's Theory of Care.

A) Personal values and beliefs
B) Belief that nursing practice should be autonomous
C) Changes in health care delivery and patient satisfaction survey responses
D) Theories promoting the capacity of self-care

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of the application of Levine's Conservation Model to the clinical setting?

A) Teaching the patient to self-administer insulin
B) Encouraging the patient to ambulate
C) Obtaining a wheelchair for the patient
D) Arranging for the patient's family to visit

Question 16

Which is an example of Dorothea Orem's Theory of Self-Care Deficit?

A) A nurse asks a patient how much she can do for herself following a stroke.
B) A nurse performs total care on a stroke patient to conserve the patient's energy.
C) A nurse leaves a stroke patient to walk to the bathroom and shower by herself.
D) A nurse enables a stroke patient to wash up in bed by providing bath wipes.

Question 17

What criterion would the nurse use to support Hildegard Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relations?

A) The relationship between nurse and doctor
B) The mutual caring relationship
C) Meeting the needs of nurse and patient
D) The relationship between nurse and patient

Question 18

Which statement about nursing conceptual models is true?

A) Nursing conceptual models provide a broad explanation of the world.
B) Nursing conceptual models are composed of a defined and interrelated set of concepts.
C) Nursing conceptual models are abstract concepts that propose outcomes.
D) Nursing conceptual models are related constructs that broadly explain a phenomenon of interest.

Question 19

Which theory focuses on patterns, life processes, and wholeness and describes seeing the life process as a progression believing that health and the evolving pattern of consciousness are the same?

A) Theory of Goal Attainment
B) Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness: Margaret Newman
C) Theory of Interpersonal Relations
D) Roy Adaptation Model

Question 20

The goal of Ida Jean Orlando's theory of effective nursing practice is to:

A) focus on relationships among the environment, nurse, and patient.
B) reduce the duration of hospital stays.
C) meet the immediate needs of the patient and relieve distress or discomfort.
D) integrate holism into nursing.