Deck 19: The Female Pelvis

Question 1

Which of the following produces the hormones estrogen and progesterone in females?

A) Anterior pituitary gland
B) Ovarian medulla
C) Ovarian follicles
D) Uterine endometrium

Answer 1

C
The latter half of the menstrual cycle corresponds to the luteal phase of the ovary, during which the corpus luteum produces estrogen and progesterone.

Question 2

The space between the pubic symphysis and the anterior wall of the urinary bladder is called the

A) anterior cul de sac.
B) vesicouterine pouch.
C) uterovesical junction.
D) space of Retzius.

Answer 2

D
The space of Retzius separates the anterior bladder wall from the symphysis pubis; it is filled with extraperitoneal fat.

Question 3

When the corpus and fundus are bent anteriorly until the fundus is resting on the cervix, the uterine position is described as

A) anteflexed.
B) retroflexed.
C) retroverted.
D) anteverted.

Answer 3

A
When the corpus and fundus are bent at a greater anterior angle, until the fundus is pointing inferiorly and resting on the cervix, the uterine position is described anteflexed.

Question 4

On ultrasound, the skeletal muscles of the abdomen and pelvis appear _____ compared to their surrounding structures.

A) hyperechoic
B) hypoechoic
C) isoechoic
D) anechoic

Question 5

When the uterine body and fundus are tilted posteriorly, uterine position is described as

A) anteflexed.
B) retroflexed.
C) retroverted.
D) anteverted.

Question 6

When the uterine body and fundus are situated posteriorly adjacent to the cervix, the uterine position is described as

A) anteflexed.
B) retroflexed.
C) retroverted.
D) anteverted.

Question 7

When the urinary bladder is empty, the uterine position is described as

A) anteflexed.
B) retroflexed.
C) retroverted.
D) anteverted.

Question 8

Which of the following is used to divide the pelvic cavity into the pelvis major (false pelvis) and the pelvis minor (true pelvis)?

A) Pubic symphysis
B) Linea alba
C) Linea terminalis
D) Iliac crests

Question 9

Which support structure anchors the ovary loosely to the uterine cornu?

A) Mesovarium
B) Ovarian ligament
C) Round ligament
D) Cardinal ligament

Question 10

The arteries in the uterus that penetrate the myometrium are the

A) spiral arteries.
B) arcuate arteries.
C) straight arteries.
D) radial arteries.

Question 11

Name the gonadotropin responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum.

A) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
B) Estrogen
C) Progesterone
D) Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 12

The portions of the large intestine contained within the true pelvis are the

A) ascending colon and rectum.
B) transverse colon and rectum.
C) ascending and descending colon.
D) sigmoid colon and rectum.

Question 13

The most echogenic layer of the vagina is the

A) vaginal mucosa.
B) muscular wall.
C) vaginal canal.
D) vaginal serosa.

Question 14

Which statement most accurately describes the anatomic relationships of the ovary, the ureter, and the internal iliac vessels?

A) The ureter is posterior to the ovary, and the internal iliac vessels are anterior to the ovary.
B) The ureter is anterior to the ovary, and the internal iliac vessels are posterior to the ovary.
C) The ureter and internal iliac vessels both lie posterior to the ovary.
D) The ureter and internal iliac vessels both lie anterior to the ovary.

Question 15

Which support structure extends from the uterine cornu, passes over the pelvic brim, through the inguinal canal, and is secured at the labia majora?

A) Round ligament
B) Broad ligament
C) Cardinal ligament
D) Uterosacral ligament

Question 16

The fibrous tissue mass that remains in the ovarian cortex after ovulation and regression of the corpus luteum is called the

A) corpus albicans.
B) graafian follicle.
C) linea alba.
D) granulosa luteal cells.

Question 17

A bicornuate uterus is a congenital malformation caused by incomplete fusion of which structures during embryogenesis?

A) Wolffian ducts
B) Müllerian ducts
C) Urogenital sinuses
D) Mesonephros

Question 18

Which muscles do NOT lie within the true pelvis?

A) Iliacus muscles
B) Piriformis muscles
C) Levator ani muscles
D) Obturator internus muscles

Question 19

The region of the uterus where the fallopian tube passes through the uterine wall and communicates with the uterine cavity is called the

A) corpus.
B) cornua.
C) fundus.
D) infundibulum.

Question 20

Which of the following is the outermost layer of the ovary?

A) Tunica externa
B) Tunica albuginea
C) Visceral peritoneum
D) Germinal epithelium

Question 21

The congenital malformation recognized sonographically by the presence of two endometrial canals is known as a ________________.

Question 22

Anechoic areas seen between the outer and intermediate layers of the myometrium represent

A) spiral arteries.
B) arcuate vessels.
C) areas of placental abruption.
D) the "sonographic halo."

Question 23

The vagina can be identified in the _____ portion of the pelvis between the _____ (anteriorly) and the _____ (posteriorly).

A) posterior; urinary bladder; rectum
B) anterior; anterior cul de sac; urinary bladder
C) inferior; urinary bladder; rectum
D) superior; urinary bladder; posterior cul de sac

Question 24

The peritoneal cavity space posterior to the broad ligaments is the ________.

Question 25

The muscles of the pelvic diaphragm and any fluid in the posterior cul de sac are visualized

A) abutting the anterior cul de sac.
B) posterior to the vagina.
C) abutting the posterior bladder wall.
D) posterior to the rectum.

Question 26

The three descriptive regions of the pelvis are the ________, ________, and _______ regions.

Question 27

The uterine tubes are oriented ________ in the body.

Question 28

"A thin, reflective, midline stripe in the uterus" describes the sonographic appearance of the

A) endometrial canal.
B) basal layer of the endometrium.
C) inner layer of the myometrium.
D) functional zone of the endometrium.

Question 29

The _______ ligaments are not true ligaments and provide minimal support.

Question 30

The _____ phase is the best time to observe blood flow within the ovary.

A) luteal
B) proliferative
C) secretory
D) follicular

Question 31

The two descriptive compartments of the pelvis are the ________ and ________.