Deck 3: The Organization and Functions of the Nervous System

Question 1

While a mature gorilla may appear to display practically every anatomical feature in common with humans,we all have one proportionately larger feature,the:

A)Brain
B)Cerebellum
C)Cerebral hemispheres
D)Midbrain

Answer 1

Cerebral hemispheres

Question 2

A nucleus is a:

A)Cluster of cell bodies in the CNS
B)Bundle of dendrites anywhere in the nervous system
C)Bundle of axons in the PNS
D)Group of ganglia in the PNS

Answer 2

Cluster of cell bodies in the CNS

Question 3

In the development of the brain,the:

A)Forebrain,midbrain,and hindbrain develop from the upper part of a tube-like structure in the fetus
B)Forebrain remains quite small until birth,then rapidly overgrows the rest of the brain
C)Forebrain is not convoluted until after birth
D)Spinal cord does not begin to develop until after birth

Answer 3

Forebrain,midbrain,and hindbrain develop from the upper part of a tube-like structure in the fetus

Question 4

A nerve is a:

A)Single neuron
B)Tract of neurons in the CNS
C)Group of cell bodies
D)Bundle of axons in the periphery

Question 5

The organization of the human cortex is typically composed of ___ layers and columns containing ___ cells.

A)6,more than 500
B)5,80-100
C)5,more than 500
D)6,80-100

Question 6

In the human brain:

A)The frontal lobe controls sensory integration
B)The precentral gyrus controls voluntary movement
C)The basal ganglia are located in the non-dominant hemisphere
D)Obsessive-compulsive behaviors are controlled by the same area responsible for language production

Question 7

Among humans,the relationship between brain size and intelligence is:

A)A strong positive correlation
B)A weak negative correlation
C)Small with high variability
D)Stronger for females than for males

Question 8

A typical lissencephalic individual would have major behavioral deficits,but the opening vignette of Karen illustrates that:

A)Brain and mind are distinct and separate
B)Effects of apparently identical brain impairment can vary greatly
C)Her diagnosis is incorrect
D)Behavior can be predicted if we can "look inside" the brain

Question 9

The central nervous system consists of:

A)The cranial nerves that enter and leave the underside of the brain
B)The brain and the spinal cord
C)The spinal cord and the brain stem
D)All neurons in the body

Question 10

According to the anatomist Bischoff,women were considered intellectually inferior solely because:

A)Of their uterus
B)They typically have a smaller brain than men
C)Of the effects of feminine hormones on the brain
D)Men dominated every developed society

Question 11

If your doctor told you that you are suffering from a dysfunction in a ___,you would know the relevant structure was in the central nervous system.

A)nerve
B)tract
C)ganglion
D)All of the above

Question 12

A gyrus is:

A)A ridge in the cortex
B)A small space between the ridges of the cortex
C)A large space between the ridges of the cortex
D)One hemisphere of the cortex

Question 13

Lissencephalic individuals usually have:

A)Greater than normal intelligence
B)Greater than normal amount of brain tissue
C)Epilepsy and severe cognitive deficits
D)More myelinated cortical neurons

Question 14

A bundle of axons in the CNS is a ___ but is a ___ if in the peripheral nervous system.

A)tract,nerve
B)nerve,tract
C)ganglion,nucleus
D)nucleus,ganglion

Question 15

The functioning of the two hemispheres is:

A)Totally symmetrical
B)Somewhat asymmetrical
C)Mostly independent
D)Totally dependent

Question 16

Dr.Amato,an anthropologist,found three skulls at one site.He is most likely to conclude that the:

A)Largest skull came from the largest individual
B)Largest skull came from the most intelligent individual
C)Largest skull came from a male
D)Smallest skull came from a female

Question 17

The case study of Karen,the lissencephalic individual who was well above average functionally,illustrates our current lack of understanding about:

A)Brain development
B)The relationship between brain structure and function
C)Brain plasticity
D)All of the above

Question 18

A group of cell bodies in the CNS is a ___ but is termed a ___ if in the peripheral nervous system.

A)nerve,tract
B)tract,nerve
C)ganglion,nucleus
D)nucleus,ganglion

Question 19

The lissencephalic individual in the chapter's opening vignette had a brain that lacked:

A)Gyri
B)Sulci
C)Convolutions
D)All of the above

Question 20

"Gray matter" refers to:

A)Unmyelinated cell bodies
B)Myelinated cell bodies
C)Unmyelinated axons
D)Synapses

Question 21

Jorge,a 43-year-old factory worker,suffered a stroke.He can speak,but he cannot understand when spoken to.The stroke was probably in:

A)Wernicke's Area
B)Broca's Area
C)The occipital lobe
D)The frontal lobe

Question 22

While watching a documentary on the brain,Janique was intrigued by a case of a brain-injured man who insisted one of his legs wasn't really his and who wouldn't shave the side of his face on the same side as the leg in question.From her biopsychology course,Janique knew the injury was most likely in the:

A)Posterior frontal lobe,left hemisphere
B)Posterior parietal lobe,left hemisphere
C)Posterior frontal lobe,right hemisphere
D)Posterior parietal lobe,right hemisphere

Question 23

With electrical stimulation during brain surgery,Penfield reported that patients:

A)Required full general anesthesia to control the pain
B)Saw auras around the heads of the surgeons and nurses when the occipital lobe was stimulated
C)Felt as if they were floating above their bodies when the somatosensory area was stimulated
D)Heard music or familiar voices when the temporal lobe was stimulated

Question 24

In the occipital lobe:

A)The most anterior portion is designated as the primary visual cortex
B)There are secondary areas detecting color,movement,and form
C)Visual information is combined with auditory information
D)Speech information is integrated and recognized

Question 25

The inferior temporal cortex:

A)Receives input only from the superior temporal cortex
B)Is the area responsible for localizing stimuli in space
C)Plays a major role in the ability to recognize auditory stimuli
D)Plays a major role in visual recognition

Question 26

The temporal lobe:

A)Is above the occipital lobe
B)Is responsible for our ability to locate an object in space
C)Contains the auditory cortex
D)Is only on the right side of the brain

Question 27

A lobotomy is a surgical procedure:

A)In which one hemisphere of the brain is removed
B)In which the prefrontal area of the brain is disconnected from the rest of the brain
C)That is usually performed early in life to preclude the development of socially unacceptable behavior
D)That was rarely performed in the United States

Question 28

The parietal lobes are located:

A)Superior to the lateral fissure and between the central sulcus and the occipital lobe
B)Below the lateral fissure and behind the occipital lobe
C)In front of the lateral sulcus
D)Immediately below Broca's area

Question 29

All of the following senses project to the primary somatosensory cortex except:

A)Pain
B)Olfaction
C)Temperature
D)Body position sense

Question 30

The composer ___ reported hearing music playing in his head,and this effect was possibly due to a foreign object lodged in his ___.

A)Beethoven,inner ear
B)Shostakovich,brain
C)Shostakovich,temporal lobe
D)Beethoven,temporal lobe

Question 31

Homunculus refers to:

A)"One sided," referring to the dominance of one hemisphere over the other
B)"Works as one," referring to how the individual parts of the brain work together
C)"Little man," referring to how the parts of the body map onto the motor cortex of the brain
D)"Folded on itself," referring to the multiple convolutions in the brain

Question 32

Amy sometimes seems to ignore you,but only when you stand to her left.This is most likely a problem:

A)In the occipital lobe
B)In the frontal lobe
C)In the parietal lobe
D)Best solved by cutting the corpus callosum

Question 33

The prefrontal cortex:

A)Is the single largest area in the human brain
B)Is twice as large as in chimpanzees
C)Is involved in planning and decision making
D)All of the above

Question 34

Symptoms of menopause,when the hormonal system and body regulation mechanisms are altered,logically involve changes in the:

A)Hypothalamus
B)Thalamus
C)Parietal lobe
D)Frontal lobe

Question 35

Following administration of hallucinogens some users report that colors are brighter,sounds are crisper,and their bodies feel different.Based on what you now know,you might surmise that these effects are due to drug activity in the:

A)Occipital lobe
B)Thalamus
C)Parietal lobe
D)Frontal cortex

Question 36

Joni suffered a stroke in Broca's area.The result is most likely an inability to:

A)Balance on a bicycle
B)See a coffee cup and pick it up
C)Stand upright
D)Speak in a coherent manner

Question 37

Association areas in the parietal lobe:

A)Receive information from the primary areas
B)Carry on further processing by combining information from other senses
C)Help a person locate objects in space
D)All of the above

Question 38

Dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex may cause:

A)Depression
B)Loss of impulse control
C)Problems making decisions
D)All of the above

Question 39

Which of the following is not true about psychosurgery?

A)It is used to remove tumors and blood clots.
B)It is used to treat cognitive and emotional disorders.
C)Prefrontal lobotomies are an example of psychosurgery.
D)It was largely replaced by psychiatric drugs as a form of treatment.

Question 40

Phineas Gage:

A)Was injured by a tamping iron that penetrated his frontal lobes
B)Survived the injury for only a few weeks
C)Suffered impairment of speech,learning,and memory
D)All of the above

Question 41

In the spinal cord:

A)The white matter consists of sensory tracts while the gray matter consists of motor tracts
B)The white matter consists of both sensory and motor tracts
C)The white matter consists of motor tracts while the gray matter consists of sensory tracts
D)None of the above

Question 42

The cerebellum:

A)Is difficult to distinguish visually in the human brain
B)Coordinates the speed and direction of body movements
C)Filters incoming sensory information
D)Monitors respiration

Question 43

The neurons entering the spinal cord from the periphery differ from neurons in the brain in that:

A)They can be as much as a meter in length
B)They are not myelinated
C)Neurons in the brain are generally sensory while those in the spinal cord are generally motor
D)They are usually bipolar cells

Question 44

The hypothalamus controls the:

A)Endocrine system
B)Pituitary gland
C)Autonomic nervous system
D)All of the above

Question 45

In the midbrain:

A)The superior colliculi allow us to visually track a moving object
B)The inferior colliculi allow us to move our eyes reflexively when an object moves in our peripheral field of vision
C)The tegmentum is involved in Alzheimer's disease
D)All of the above

Question 46

All of the following are true of the hindbrain except:

A)The medulla is a relay station for sensory information
B)There are nuclei for respiration and control of cardiovascular activity
C)The pons is a center involved in controlling sleep
D)The reticular formation runs through this area

Question 47

During development the hollow interior of the nervous system develops into:

A)Cavities called ventricles
B)The spinal cord
C)The corpus callosum
D)The temporal lobes

Question 48

The corpus callosum:

A)Is at the central fissure
B)Connects the thalamus and the hypothalamus
C)Connects the right and left hemispheres
D)Can result in epilepsy if severed

Question 49

The cerebral commissures are:

A)Deep fissures
B)Connections between the hemispheres
C)Ventricles
D)Hidden by the corpus callosum

Question 50

Sleep is partially regulated by melatonin from the:

A)Thalamus
B)Hypothalamus
C)Limbic system
D)Pineal gland

Question 51

Which of the following structures plays an important role in the rewarding effects of food,sex,and drugs?

A)The brain stem
B)Both the inferior and superior colluculi
C)The substantia nigra
D)The ventral tegmental area

Question 52

Organization in the spinal cord is:

A)Similar to that in the brain,with the white matter on the outside and the gray matter in the interior
B)Similar to that in the brain,with the gray matter on the outside and the white matter in the interior
C)Opposite of the brain's organization,with the white matter on the outside and the gray matter in the interior
D)Opposite of the brain's organization,with the gray matter on the outside and the white matter in the interior

Question 53

Damage to the cerebellum could cause problems with:

A)Motor learning
B)Cognitive processes and emotions
C)Gait and reaching
D)All of the above

Question 54

The midbrain includes:

A)The substantia nigra
B)The inferior colliculi
C)The superior colliculi
D)All of the above

Question 55

A person with a severed corpus callosum cannot:

A)Speak due to isolation of Broca's area
B)Feel objects due to the disconnection of the parietal lobe
C)Reach for objects presented to them
D)None of the above

Question 56

The spinal cord is most important for:

A)Production of routine behaviors,such as walking
B)Voluntary behaviors such as reaching for a pencil
C)Regulatory behaviors,such as maintaining body temperature
D)Receiving sensory information and carrying commands to muscles

Question 57

Damage to the medulla is most likely to produce problems in:

A)Regulation of respiration
B)Regulation of sleep
C)Filtering of sensory information
D)Motor coordination

Question 58

Severing the cerebral commissures:

A)Leaves a person with limited language skills
B)Leaves a person unable to locate objects in space
C)Has shown that for most people language is located in the left hemisphere while spatial skills are located in the right hemisphere
D)Has shown that for most people language and spatial skills are located in the left hemisphere

Question 59

The hypothalamus:

A)Is involved in sensory integration
B)Is important in the integration of sensory input with motor coordination
C)Has been implicated in the regulation of feeding and drinking
D)Regulates speech production

Question 60

If you are having trouble getting to sleep,one area of the brain likely to be involved is the:

A)Cerebellum
B)Pons
C)Medulla
D)Thalamus

Question 61

The ganglia in the sympathetic nervous system are ___ and respond ___.

A)interconnected,as a unit
B)interconnected,separately
C)not connected,as a unit
D)not connected,separately

Question 62

Sensory neurons:

A)Send information to the brain only
B)Mostly send information to the brain;however,some connect to motor neurons in the spinal cord
C)All connect to the internal organs and muscles
D)Mostly extend to the internal organs and muscles;however,some connect to motor neurons in the spinal cord

Question 63

The two cranial nerves often considered part of the brain are:

A)The gustatory and the olfactory
B)The gustatory and the optic
C)The olfactory and the optic
D)The optic and the somatic

Question 64

The autonomic nervous system regulates:

A)General activity levels in the body and controls smooth muscles and organs
B)Activity in the spinal cord
C)The motor neurons that operate the skeletal muscles and the sensory neurons that bring information into the central nervous system
D)All of the above

Question 65

To pass the blood-brain barrier a substance must be:

A)Water soluble
B)Fat insoluble
C)Fat soluble
D)None of the above

Question 66

Spinal cord neurons:

A)Ascend with sensory information
B)Ascend with motor information
C)Cannot be interneurons
D)None of the above

Question 67

The delicate neural structures in the brain are protected by:

A)The three layers of the meninges
B)The cerebrospinal fluid
C)The blood-brain barrier
D)All of the above

Question 68

Which of the following areas is not protected by the blood-brain barrier?

A)Basal ganglia
B)Substantia nigra
C)Area postrema
D)Cerebellum

Question 69

Motor neurons in the spinal cord receive input from the:

A)Internal organs and muscles and transmit to the brain
B)Brain and transmit to internal organs and muscles
C)Sensory neurons and transmit to the brain
D)Brain and transmit to the sensory neurons

Question 70

Your dog nudges you from sleep and you reach out to pet the dog.Feeling the dog is transmitted through the ___ while petting the dog is transmitted via the ___.

A)sensory neurons,interneurons
B)interneurons,sensory neurons
C)sensory neurons,motor neurons
D)motor neurons,sensory neurons

Question 71

The sympathetic branch of the nervous system arises from:

A)The upper portion of the spinal cord
B)The lower portion of the spinal cord
C)Both the upper and lower portions of the spinal cord
D)The middle of the spinal cord

Question 72

A reflex:

A)Occurs by direct sensory-motor connections
B)Occurs only in the brain
C)Occurs only in the spinal cord
D)Refers to all behaviors not consciously controlled

Question 73

Stimulants increase heart rate,increase respiration,and produce anxiety.This is most likely related to activation of the:

A)Somatic nervous system
B)Parasympathetic nervous system
C)Sympathetic nervous system
D)Central nervous system

Question 74

The cell bodies of the motor neurons of the spinal cord are located in:

A)The dorsal root
B)The ventral horns
C)The core complex
D)None of the above

Question 75

Although the spinal nerves carry sensory and motor information about the body,the cranial nerves:

A)Are concerned only with sensory information from the body
B)Are concerned in part with sensory information from outside of the body
C)Have nothing to do with either sensory or motor information
D)Carry motor information but not sensory information

Question 76

The blood-brain barrier:

A)Is a valve-like structure that prevents the peripheral blood from mixing with the cerebrospinal fluid
B)Is formed by pores in the blood vessel walls that control which molecules can pass through
C)Does not allow lipid soluble drugs to enter the brain
D)Requires special transporters to move amino acids and vitamins into the brain

Question 77

The parasympathetic branch of the nervous system arises from:

A)The upper portion of the spinal cord
B)The lower portion of the spinal cord
C)Both the upper and lower portion of the spinal cord
D)The middle of the spinal cord

Question 78

The sympathetic nervous system ___ the body while the parasympathetic nervous system ___ the body.

A)regulates,tones
B)tones,regulates
C)slows,activates
D)activates,slows

Question 79

The active molecule in marijuana is highly fat soluble.This means it:

A)Can readily pass through the blood-brain barrier
B)Can pass through the blood-brain barrier slowly
C)Can pass through the blood-brain barrier only after being metabolized into a less fat-soluble form
D)Must be transformed into a less fat-soluble form before it is administered into the body,such as through smoking

Question 80

The somatic nervous system consists of the:

A)10 pairs of cranial nerves and 30 pairs of spinal nerves
B)Sensory and motor tracts in the spinal cord
C)Motor neurons that operate the skeletal muscles and the sensory neurons that bring information into the central nervous system
D)Spinal cord and the brain