Deck 11: Families and Intimate Relationships.

Question 1

Although most people are related to members of their __________ by blood ties, those who are adopted have a legal tie that is patterned after a blood relationship.

A)family of procreation
B)extended family
C)family of orientation
D)blended family

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Both legal and blood ties are found in the __________. The relationship between a husband and wife is based on legal ties; however, the relationship between a parent and child may be based on either blood ties or legal ties, depending on whether the child has been adopted.

A)nuclear family
B)family of procreation
C)blended family
D)family of orientation

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What constitutes a "family" has been widely debated. For many years, the standard sociological definition of family was __________.

A)a social network of people based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption
B)a group of people who are related to one another by bonds of blood, marriage, or adoption and who live together, form an economic unit, and bear and raise children
C)a group of people which consist of a husband and wife, children from previous marriages, and children (if any) from the new marriage
D)a social network of people into which a person is born, composed of relatives, parents and children who live in the same household

Answer 3

B

Question 4

With the advent of industrialization and urbanization, maintaining the __________ family pattern becomes more difficult. Increasingly, young people move from rural to urban areas in search of employment in the industrializing sector of the economy. At that time, the __________ family typically becomes the predominant family pattern in the society.

A)blended; extended
B)extended; nuclear
C)nuclear; conventional
D)nuclear; extended

Question 5

The number of children living with grandparents and no parent in the home increased by ___ percent from 1990 to 2000.

A)20
B)50
C)70
D)85

Question 6

The __________ refers to family units that are composed of relatives in addition to parents and children who live in the same household.

A)blended family
B)conventional family
C)extended family
D)nuclear family

Question 7

__________ often include grandparents, uncles, aunts, or other relatives who live close to the parents and children, making it possible for family members to share resources.

A)Blended families
B)Extended families
C)Conventional families
D)Nuclear families

Question 8

To more accurately reflect the changes in family life, the textbook provides a more encompassing definition of what constitutes a family. Accordingly, the textbook defines family as __________.

A)a social network of people into which a person is born, composed of relatives, parents and children who live in the same household
B)a group of people which consist of a husband and wife, children from previous marriages, and children (if any) from the new marriage
C)a relationship in which people live together with commitment, form an economic unit and care for any young, and consider their identity to be significantly attached to the group
D)a social network of people based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption

Question 9

Regarding kinship, which of the following statements is false?

A)In preindustrial societies, the primary form of social organization is through kinship ties.
B)Kinship networks lead to conflict as people compete for basic necessities of life.
C)Kinship systems serve as a means by which property is transferred, goods are produced and distributed, and power is allocated.
D)In industrial societies, other social institutions fulfill some of the functions previously taken care of by the kinship network.

Question 10

The __________ is the family that a person forms by having or adopting children.

A)blended family
B)family of orientation
C)nuclear family
D)family of procreation

Question 11

The __________ is the family into which a person is born and in which early socialization usually takes place.

A)family of orientation
B)nuclear family
C)family of procreation
D)extended family

Question 12

In preindustrial societies, the primary form of social organization is through __________, which refers to a social network of people based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption.

A)family
B)lineage
C)kinship
D)heritage

Question 13

__________ are responsible primarily for regulating sexual activity, socializing children, and providing affection and companionship for family members.

A)Preindustrial families
B)Industrial families
C)Hunting and gathering families
D)Contemporary families

Question 14

A comparison of Census Bureau data from 1970 to 2003 shows that there has been __________ in the percentage of U.S. households comprising a married couple with their own children under eighteen years of age.

A)a significant increase
B)a very minor change
C)a significant decline
D)basically no change in the data

Question 15

__________ refers to family units composed of one or two parents and their dependent children, all of whom live apart from other relatives.

A)Nuclear family
B)Conventional family
C)Extended family
D)Blended family

Question 16

In horticultural and agricultural societies, __________ are extremely important. Having a large number of family members participate in food production may be essential for survival.

A)nuclear families
B)blended families
C)conventional families
D)extended families

Question 17

According to sociologist Judy Root Aulette, "families we choose" include blood ties and legal ties, but they also include __________, persons who are not actually related by blood but who are accepted as family members.

A)informal kin
B)secondary kin
C)fictive kin
D)generalized kin

Question 18

___ in ___ preschoolers in the U.S. has a mother in the paid labor force.

A)One / two
B)One / three
C)Two / four
D)Two / five

Question 19

Which statement below is false?

A)The marriage rate has gone down since 1960.
B)The number of children living in extreme poverty increased in the 1990s.
C)Adult children of divorced parents are more likely to end their own marriages.
D)Couples who already have children at the beginning of their marriage are more likely to divorce than those who do not have children.

Question 20

Which age group is more likely to cohabit?

A)18 - 25
B)35 - 55
C)those under 45
D)those over 60

Question 21

In preindustrial societies, kinship is usually traced through one parent (unilineally). The most common pattern of unilineal descent is __________, which is a system of tracing descent through the father's side of the family.

A)patriarchal descent
B)patrilineal descent
C)patrilocal descent
D)patricentric descent

Question 22

Comparing 1970 data with 2003 data, the Census Bureau identified a noticeable trend in the decline of married-couple households with their own children living with them. This type of household decreased from about 40 percent in 1970 to about __________ in 2003.

A)3 percent
B)13 percent
C)23 percent
D)33 percent

Question 23

In a(n) __________, the male authority figure acts as head of the household and holds power and authority over the women and children, as well as over other males.

A)matriarchal family
B)homogamous family
C)patriarchal family
D)egalitarian family

Question 24

Kinship in industrial societies is usually traced through both parents (bilineally). The most common form is __________, which is a system of tracing descent through both the mother's and father's sides of the family.

A)bitriarchal descent
B)bilateral descent
C)bitricentric descent
D)bitrilocal descent

Question 25

__________ descent is used in the United States for the purpose of determining kinship and inheritance rights; however, children typically take the father's last name.

A)Bilateral
B)Bitrilocal
C)Bitricentric
D)Bitriarchal

Question 26

__________ is very rare. When it does occur, it is typically found in societies where men greatly outnumber women because of high rates of female infanticide.

A)Polyandry
B)Homogamy
C)Endogamy
D)Polygyny

Question 27

__________ is a legally recognized and/or socially approved arrangement between two or more individuals that carries certain rights and obligations and usually involves sexual activity.

A)Marriage
B)Cohabitation
C)Trial separation
D)Monogamous experimentation

Question 28

__________ is the concurrent marriage of one woman with two or more men.

A)Endogamy
B)Polyandry
C)Homogamy
D)Polygyny

Question 29

Several types of familial power and authority have been identified. Which of the following was not a type of familial power and authority identified?

A)patriarchy
B)matriarchy
C)egalitarianism
D)homogamous

Question 30

A(n) __________ family is a family structure in which authority is held by the eldest female (usually the mother).

A)patriarchal
B)matriarchal
C)egalitarian
D)homogamous

Question 31

In __________ systems, inheritance of property and position is usually traced from the maternal uncle (mother's brother) to his nephew (mother's son). In some cases, mothers may pass on their property to daughters.

A)matricentric
B)matrilocal
C)matrilineal
D)matriarchal

Question 32

In the United States, the only legally sanctioned form of marriage is __________ which refers to a marriage between two partners, usually a woman and a man.

A)homogamy
B)polygamy
C)monogamy
D)polyandry

Question 33

The most prevalent form of polygamy is __________.

A)polyandry
B)homogamy
C)polygyny
D)endogamy

Question 34

Bubba married his high school sweetheart and they have been faithful to each other for 30 years. Their marriage is considered to be __________.

A)polygamous
B)monogamous
C)homogamous
D)polyandrous

Question 35

__________ is the concurrent marriage of a person of one sex with two or more members of the opposite sex.

A)Polygamy
B)Monogamy
C)Homogamy
D)Endogamy

Question 36

__________ is the concurrent marriage of one man with two or more women.

A)Endogamy
B)Polyandry
C)Homogamy
D)Polygyny

Question 37

__________ systems are set up in such a manner that a legitimate son inherits his father's property and sometimes his position upon the father's death.

A)Patrilineal
B)Patrilocal
C)Patricentric
D)Patriarchal

Question 38

Even with the less common pattern of __________, which is a system of tracing descent through the mother's side of the family, women may not control property.

A)matriarchal descent
B)matricentric descent
C)matrilocal descent
D)matrilineal descent

Question 39

Through a pattern of marriage, divorce, and remarriage, some people practice __________-a succession of marriages in which a person has several spouses over a lifetime but is legally married to only one person at a time.

A)sequential coupling
B)serial monogamy
C)marriage seriation
D)polygamy

Question 40

A(n) __________ family is a family structure in which authority is held by the eldest male (usually the father).

A)patriarchal
B)matriarchal
C)egalitarian
D)homogamous

Question 41

From the __________ perspective, parents and other relatives are responsible for teaching children the necessary knowledge and skills to survive.

A)functionalist
B)symbolic interactionist
C)conflict
D)postmodern

Question 42

Families are expected to regulate the sexual activity of their members and thus control reproduction so that it occurs within specific boundaries. At the __________, incest taboos prohibit sexual contact or marriage between certain relatives.

A)mesolevel
B)microlevel
C)macrolevel
D)metalevel

Question 43

Few societies have residential patterns known as __________ residence, which refers to the custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community) as the wife's parents.

A)neolocal
B)matrilocal
C)patrilocal
D)multilocal

Question 44

The __________ is the subdiscipline of sociology that attempts to describe and explain patterns of family life and variations in family structure.

A)sociology of exogamy
B)family of procreation
C)sociology of family
D)family of orientation

Question 45

A(n) __________ family has a family structure in which both partners share power and authority equally.

A)matriarchal
B)homogamous
C)egalitarian
D)patriarchal

Question 46

Based on the __________, one of the most significant and compelling forms of social placement is the family's social class position and the opportunities (or lack thereof) resulting from that position. Examples of class-related opportunities are access to quality health care, higher education, and a safe place to live.

A)postmodern perspective
B)functionalist perspective
C)conflict perspective
D)symbolic interactionist perspective

Question 47

In advanced industrial societies, families serve four key functions; which of the following was not a function identified?

A)sexual regulation
B)economic and psychological support
C)provision of social status
D)guaranteed reproduction

Question 48

The most prevalent pattern of power and authority in families is __________. Across cultures, men are the primary decision makers regarding domestic, economic, and social concerns facing the family.

A)homogamy
B)matriarchy
C)egalitarianism
D)patriarchy

Question 49

__________ theorists emphasize the importance of the family in maintaining the stability of society and the well-being of individuals.

A)Symbolic interactionist
B)Conflict
C)Functionalist
D)Postmodernist

Question 50

Most people's behavior is shaped by cultural rules. __________ is the practice of marrying within one's own group.
A, Exogamy
B)Homogamy
C)Endogamy
D)Heterogamy

Question 51

According to the __________ perspective, families in preindustrial societies are economic production units, while in industrial societies, the economic security of families is tied to the workplace and to macrolevel economic systems.

A)symbolic interactionist
B)conflict
C)postmodern
D)functionalist

Question 52

Across cultures, __________ is the most common residential pattern.

A)matrilocal residence
B)multilocal residence
C)neolocal residence
D)patrilocal residence

Question 53

According to sociologist Talcott Parsons, the husband/father fulfills the __________ (meeting the family's economic needs, making important decisions, and providing leadership).

A)egalitarian role
B)expressive role
C)authoritarian role
D)instrumental role

Question 54

In regard to the family, sociologist Emile Durkheim believed that __________.

A)interaction between marital partners contributes to a shared reality
B)females are socialized to be passive and males are socialized to be aggressive
C)a division of labor contributes to greater efficiency in marriages and families
D)men's domination over women existed long before private ownership of property and capitalism

Question 55

In industrialized nations such as the United States, most couples hope to live in a/an __________, which is the custom of a married couple living in their own residence apart from both the husband's and the wife's parents.

A)neolocal residence
B)multilocal residence
C)patrilocal residence
D)matrilocal residence

Question 56

According to sociologist Talcott Parsons, the wife/mother fulfills the __________ (running the household, caring for children, and meeting the emotional needs of family members).

A)authoritarian role
B)expressive role
C)instrumental role
D)egalitarian role

Question 57

In the United States, most people practice __________; they marry people who come from the same social class, racial/ethnic group, religious affiliation, and other categories considered important within their own social group.

A)exogamy
B)homogamy
C)heterogamy
D)endogamy

Question 58

Although there has been a great deal of discussion about __________, scholars have found no historical evidence to indicate that true types of this familial power and authority ever existed.

A)patriarchal families
B)egalitarian families
C)matriarchal families
D)homogamous families

Question 59

Most people's behavior is shaped by cultural rules. __________ is the practice of marrying outside one's own social groups or category.

A)Exogamy
B)Homogamy
C)Heterogamy
D)Endogamy

Question 60

Residential patterns are interrelated with the authority structure and method of tracing descent in families. __________ residence refers to the custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community) as the husband's family.

A)Matrilocal
B)Patrilocal
C)Multilocal
D)Neolocall

Question 61

The Census Bureau has redefined the term __________ as two people who live together, and think of themselves as a couple, without being legally married.

A)cohabitation
B)assimilation
C)accommodation
D)matrimony

Question 62

__________ refers to household arrangements in which an unmarried couple lives together in a committed, sexually intimate relationship and is granted the same rights and benefits as those accorded to married heterosexual couples.

A)Sanctioned partnership
B)Permanent cohabitation
C)Legal cohabitation
D)Domestic partnership

Question 63

__________ attempt to analyze how does the family influence the individual's self-concept and identity. They examine the roles of husbands, wives, and children as they act out their own roles and react to the actions of others. From such a perspective, what people think, as well as what they say and do, is very important in understanding family dynamics.

A)Functionalists
B)Postmodern theorists
C)Conflict theorists
D)Symbolic interactionists

Question 64

The text points out that conflict and feminist analysts __________.

A)examine the relationship between family troubles and a decline in other social institutions
B)view functionalist perspectives on the role of the family as realistic and adequate
C)view families as sources of social inequality and conflict over values, goals, and access to resources and power
D)examine the roles of husbands, wives, and children as they act out their own part and react to the actions of others

Question 65

__________ explain family relationships in terms of the subjective meanings and everyday interpretations that people give to their lives. As sociologist Jessie Bernard pointed out, women and men experience marriage differently.

A)Conflict theorists
B)Functionalists
C)Symbolic interactionists
D)Postmodernists

Question 66

According to sociologists Peter Berger and Hansfried Kellner, interaction between marital partners __________.

A)contributes to a shared reality
B)inevitably leads to conflict
C)produces functional consequences
D)is similar to the interactions between workers and owners in a factory

Question 67

Feminist explanations of family problems, such as high rates of divorce and overall family instability, focus on __________.

A)how exploitation of the lower classes by the upper classes contributes to family problems
B)the relationship between family troubles and changes in other social institutions, such as the economy, religion, and law
C)the way in which definitions concerning family problems not only are socially constructed but also have an effect on how people are treated
D)patriarchy and how men's domination over women contributes to inequalities in families

Question 68

A recent study of 11,000 women found that there was a 70 percent marriage rate for women who remained in a cohabiting relationship for at least 5 years. However, of the women in that study who cohabited and then married their partner, __________ became divorced within a 10-year period.

A)20 percent
B)30 percent
C)40 percent
D)50 percent

Question 69

Early __________ such as Charles Horton Cooley and George Herbert Mead provided key insights on the roles we play as family members and how we modify or adapt our roles to the expectations of others-especially significant others such as parents, grandparents, and siblings.

A)postmodernists
B)symbolic interactionists
C)conflict theorists
D)functionalists

Question 70

Most people in the United States tend to choose marriage partners who are similar to themselves. __________ refers to the pattern of individuals marrying those who have similar characteristics, such as race/ethnicity, religious background, age, education, or social class.

A)Monogamy
B)Exogamy
C)Homogamy
D)Polygamy

Question 71

Sociologist Arlie Hochschild coined the term __________ to refer to the work that many employed women perform after they complete their workday on the job.

A)second shift
B)maintenance shift
C)household shift
D)domestic shift

Question 72

In regard to women's and men's perceptions about romantic love, sociologist Francesca Cancian points out that __________.

A)women tend to express their feelings nonverbally
B)men tend to express their love through nonverbal actions, such as running an errand for someone
C)women and men tend to express love in much the same manner
D)women tend to interpret men's actions as signs of love regardless of their actual meanings

Question 73

In 2004, approximately __________ percent of employed mothers with children under age 6 worked full-time.

A)33
B)50
C)74
D)90

Question 74

__________ percent of all marriages in the United States are dual-earner marriages, in which both spouses are in the labor force.

A)Less than 10
B)About 25
C)Over 50
D)Nearly 90

Question 75

Our ideal culture emphasizes __________, which refers to a deep emotion, the satisfaction of significant needs, a caring for and acceptance of the person we love, and involvement in an intimate relationship.

A)traditional love
B)romantic love
C)companion love
D)community love

Question 76

Social scientist David Elkind describes the postmodern family as __________, capable of being diffused or invaded in such a manner that an entity's original purpose is modified or changed.

A)permeable
B)disappearing
C)becoming weaker
D)becoming less autonomous

Question 77

Conflict explanations of family problems, such as high rates of divorce and overall family instability, focus on __________.

A)how exploitation of the lower classes by the upper classes contributes to family problems
B)the relationship between family troubles and changes in other social institutions, such as the economy, religion, and law
C)the way in which definitions concerning family problems not only are socially constructed but also have an effect on how people are treated
D)diversity and fragmentation of families

Question 78

__________ is a characteristic of the postmodern family. The boundaries between the public sphere (the workplace) and the private sphere (the home) are becoming much more open and flexible. In fact, family life may be negatively affected by the decreasing distinction between what is work time and what is family time.

A)Homogamy
B)Urbanity
C)Endogamy
D)Polyandry

Question 79

According to __________, the idea of romantic love has given way to the idea of consensual love. Individuals agree to have sexual relations with others whom they have no intention of marrying or, if they marry, do not necessarily see the marriage as having permanence.

A)conflict theorists
B)functionalists
C)postmodern theorists
D)symbolic interactionists

Question 80

The National Health and Social Life Survey conducted by the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago reported numerous findings. Which of the following was not a finding of the survey?

A)Nine percent of the men said they had at least one homosexual encounter resulting in orgasm.
B)Only 2.8 percent of the men and 1.4 percent of the women in this investigation identified themselves as gay or lesbian.
C)Persons who engaged in extramarital sex found their activities to be less thrilling than those with a marital partner, but they also felt less guilt.
D)Persons in sustained relationships such as marriage or cohabitation found sexual activity to be the most satisfying emotionally and physically.