Deck 3: France

Question 1

All of the following are TRUE of Charles de Gaulle EXCEPT he

A) was the first president of the Fifth Republic.
B) resigned after the strike in 1968.
C) collaborated with the German occupiers during World War II.
D) proposed a republic based on a strong executive.
E) was an army general.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is TRUE of France's place in international relations?

A) It supported the American invasion of Iraq.
B) It depends upon the United States for protection.
C) It is attempting to re-establish a colonial empire.
D) It has numerous high-tech accomplishments and is a nuclear power.
E) It is a proponent of global nuclear disarmament.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following was TRUE of the Vichy Regime?

A) It assisted the Allied Powers by assassinating German officials and carrying out sabotage missions in occupied France.
B) It was the only political regime in Western Europe not directly under Germany occupation to actively support the Nazi regime, sending 76,000 French and foreign Jews to German death and labor camps.
C) It developed a strong economy that became a model for postwar France.
D) It declared neutrality thereby avoiding the German occupation of France.
E) It was an independent country in northern France.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Nicolas Sarkozy was elected in 2007 largely because

A) his opponent, Jean-Marie Le Pen, was a far-right candidate whose extreme views were unpopular to many.
B) he championed traditional conservative themes and policies dealing with crime and illegal immigration.
C) his strong anti-American message resonated with the French voters.
D) he was able to raise a large amount of money and outspend his opponents.
E) the opposition did not field a candidate.

Question 5

The French Revolution is important because it

A) established the French system of nobility.
B) inspired the colonists in America to revolt against Great Britain.
C) established the first modern European regime based on the principle that all citizens were equal before the law.
D) was the first bloodless revolution in history.
E) established the independence of France from Germany.

Question 6

The Fourth Republic ultimately failed because of

A) cabinet instability.
B) foreign military intervention.
C) revolution.
D) problems associated with its colonial empire.
E) popular support for constitutional reform.

Question 7

Proportional representation is a system

A) in which most of the seats in the legislature are distributed to the party that receives the majority of votes.
B) in which seats in the legislature are distributed in proportion to the number of votes that a party receives.
C) in which all parties participating in an election are guaranteed a certain number of seats.
D) that tends to have only two major parties.
E) is inherently unfair because it hinders minor parties.

Question 8

The Enlightenment was

A) the philosophical movement that emphasized the importance of scientific reasoning over religious belief or folk wisdom.
B) the spread of electricity to the majority of the citizens of France.
C) Martin Luther's attempt to reform the Catholic Church that led to the Protestant Reformation.
D) the joining of the Catholic and Huguenot churches.
E) a vision of Pope Pious XII that led him to grant Charlemagne control of what was then known as the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 9

The recent passage by the French Parliament of a law prohibiting the public wearing of garments that conceals the face is an example of

A) French patriarchal attitudes towards women.
B) the lack of separation between church and state in France.
C) Muslim fundamentalism.
D) French insecurity about its national identity.
E) anti-semitism in French society.

Question 10

Which of the following accurately characterizes the relationship of the Fourth and Fifth Republics?

A) In comparison to the Fifth Republic, the Fourth Republic's political institutions were more effective in facilitating strong executive leadership.
B) In comparison to the Fourth Republic, the Fifth Republic's political institutions were more effective in facilitating strong executive leadership.
C) Fewer political parties were represented in the parliament of the Fourth Republic than that of the Fifth Republic.
D) The Fourth Republic was more durable than the Fifth Republic.
E) The legislature is much stronger in the Fifth Republic than in the Fourth Republic.

Question 11

The French Revolution is called a liberal revolution because it

A) promoted individual liberty in the political and economic spheres and secular and religious freedom.
B) overturned the previous conservative regime.
C) promoted individual freedom and established a religious regime.
D) established strong state control over economic matters but granted citizens political freedom.
E) created the first political parties in Europe.

Question 12

The Edict of Nantes was

A) the agreement that united various principalities into the country of France.
B) a decree issued by Henry IV that granted Protestants limited religious toleration.
C) a law passed by Charlemagne that divided France among his sons.
D) a 1645 treaty that established peace between France and Germany until the outbreak of World War I.
E) the founding document of the ancien regime.

Question 13

The 2002 presidential election was noteworthy because

A) the communist candidate, Jospin, won.
B) no candidate emerged with a clear majority.
C) the socialist candidate, Mitterrand, won.
D) Jean-Marie Le Pen of the Front National came in second in the first round of voting.
E) it was the first time the country used a voting process that involved two rounds.

Question 14

The year 2005 marked an important step in the relationship between France and the European Union because

A) French voters rejected a treaty to establish a constitution for the European Union.
B) France adopted the common currency, the Euro.
C) French citizens voted to withdraw from the European Union.
D) it was the first time a French citizen became the president of the European Union.
E) France announced it would no longer accept the rulings of the European Court of Justice.

Question 15

Which characteristic is shared by both the ancien regime and the regimes that followed the French Revolution?

A) France was ruled by a king.
B) The state was powerful.
C) The state championed the values of liberty, equality, and fraternity.
D) The Catholic Church was a strong supporter of the regime.
E) France was ruled by a parliament.

Question 16

France experienced a slow decline following Napoleon's defeat until World War II because of all of the following EXCEPT

A) political instability.
B) protectionist trade policies.
C) an underdeveloped entrepreneurial spirit.
D) rapid population growth.
E) a powerful parliament and a weak executive.

Question 17

France has been prone to internal conflict because of its

A) strategic location in Europe.
B) poor relations with its neighbors.
C) regional and cultural diversity.
D) insecurity about its national identity.
E) lack of citizen happiness.

Question 18

What was the ancien regime?

A) The established monarchy that existed before the current governmental system
B) A system created by Louis XIV that consisted of an absolutist state, the Catholic Church, and a system of taxes and feudal princes that burdened peasants, urban workers, and the middle class
C) The Catholic Church before the Reformation
D) The military in premodern times
E) A system created by Charlemagne that consisted of an absolutist state, the Catholic Church, and a system of taxes and feudal princes that burdened peasants, urban workers, and the middle class.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A) Anti-Americanism is an important element of French political culture.
B) France supported American military action against Al Qaeda and the Taliban in Afghanistan.
C) France supported the American invasion of Iraq.
D) American-French relations have been particularly close during the Sarkozy presidency.
E) France often opposed American foreign policies during Charles de Gaulle's tenure.

Question 20

The French Revolution was

A) national, international, religious and democratic.
B) international, authoritarian, liberal and democratic.
C) national, liberal, democratic and religious.
D) religious, international, liberal and democratic.
E) national, international, liberal and democratic.

Question 21

Social programs in France include all of the following EXCEPT

A) guaranteed income levels for all French citizens.
B) universal health coverage.
C) extensive educational benefits from preschool through university.
D) extensive job benefits including good pensions, job retraining and unemployment benefits.
E) free prenatal care for pregnant women.

Question 22

These are the three fundamental changes that are occurring in the French state.

A) It is moving to a unitary state, the state is reducing its role in the economy, and the constitution is now regarded as the authoritative source of government authority.
B) Substantial powers are being transferred to subnational governments, the state is reducing its role in the economy, and the constitution is now regarded as the authoritative source of government authority.
C) Substantial powers are being transferred to subnational governments, the economy is becoming more statist, and the government has a free hand to govern without hindrance by constitutional texts.
D) Substantial powers are being transferred to subnational governments, the state is reducing its role in the economy, and the government has a free hand to govern without hindrance by constitutional texts.
E) Powers are being transferred from subnational governments to the central government, the state is reducing its role in the economy, and the government has a free hand to govern without hindrance by constitutional texts.

Question 23

France's neoliberal modernization strategies include

A) dirigisme in only select sectors like biotech.
B) privatization, deregulation, and liberalization.
C) sharp increases in social spending.
D) increasing the country's holdings of foreign currencies.
E) All of the above statements are true.

Question 24

One result of France's extensive social programs is

A) that citizens are immigrating to other countries in order to avoid intrusive government interference in their private lives.
B) increased public support for the European Union.
C) immigration to France is strictly limited in order to avoid a large influx of persons wanting to take advantage of such programs.
D) social expenditures account for one-third of France's GDP.
E) increased worker productivity.

Question 25

The term French exceptionalism refers to

A) the idea that France is so unique it cannot be compared to other countries.
B) the idea that French citizens universally believe that their system serves as the best example for others to follow.
C) the existence of severe ideological conflicts that have fueled political instability.
D) the fact that France has had more governments than any other European state since World War II.
E) the tendency for France to completely abandon one form of government and replace it with another.

Question 26

French national identity is based upon

A) multiculturalism within French society.
B) the centrality of the French language.
C) the idea that citizens must accept the state's republican and secular values.
D) the dominance of the Catholic Church in French society.
E) anti-semitism in French society.

Question 27

Most of France's international trade is with

A) its former colonies in Africa and Asia.
B) other member-states of the European Union.
C) the United States.
D) Japan.
E) China.

Question 28

The approval rating of the European Union among French citizens

A) has remained consistently high throughout the years.
B) has declined steadily over the years.
C) is representative in its rejection of the European Union Constitution.
D) has varied tremendously over the years, with the French sometimes strongly approving of the European Union and other times rejecting it.
E) suggests that the French have been strongly supportive of the pace and character of European integration over the years.

Question 29

All of the following are TRUE of the status of women in France EXCEPT

A) they are entitled to generous maternity leaves.
B) they find it easier to work due to the government-funded high quality child care.
C) the proportion of female managers in France is among the lowest in industrial countries.
D) the wage gap between men and women is 20 percent.
E) All of the above statements are true.

Question 30

France's informal two-tier system of employment and social welfare has resulted in

A) older persons being employed in better paying jobs with greater benefits than younger persons.
B) younger persons being employed in better paying jobs with greater benefits than older persons.
C) men being employed in better paying jobs with greater benefits than women.
D) women being employed in better paying jobs with greater benefits than men.
E) immigrant workers being employed in better paying jobs with greater benefits than native French-born workers.

Question 31

Which of the following were elements in the French economy in the post-World War II period?

A) Dirigisme, import-substitution, and de Gaulle's leadership
B) Loans from the IMF, planning, and dirigisme
C) Planning, de Gaulle's leadership, and laissez-faire economics
D) Planning, de Gaulle's leadership, and dirigisme
E) Nationalization, loans from the IMF, and import-substitution

Question 32

Which groups of citizens benefit disproportionately from France's social programs?

A) Younger workers and retirees
B) Immigrants and part-time workers
C) Full-time workers and the elderly
D) Full-time workers and children
E) Part-time workers and children

Question 33

France's dirigisme approach helped it achieve great economic growth in the post-World War II era. Only ______________ achieved higher growth rates than France during this era.

A) the United States
B) Japan
C) West Germany
D) Sweden
E) Italy

Question 34

Mitterrand's socialist policies resulted in

A) driving France to the brink of bankruptcy.
B) foreign investors avoiding France.
C) exhausting the country's international currency reserves.
D) many citizens achieving significant gains from the expanded social programs.
E) All of the above statements are true.

Question 35

Although two separate but contradictory democratic currents, France supports

A) a belief that citizens should directly participate in politics while valuing representative government.
B) a belief in multiparty government while valuing stable government.
C) a belief in parliament while valuing strong leadership vested in a president.
D) a belief in free speech while supporting the policies of one's government at all times.
E) a belief in representative government while valuing a strong apolitical bureaucracy to run the country's affairs.

Question 36

Which of the following statements about France's current economic performance is INCORRECT?

A) France devotes more resources technological innovation than other advanced economies.
B) It has successively run large public deficits.
C) Its most acute problem is high unemployment.
D) Even though the country has the shortest work week among advanced economies, the country's hourly output per worker is the highest in the world.
E) Rising health costs and an aging population will increase pressure for more social spending.

Question 37

When observers say that there was another French Revolution in the post-World War II period, they are referring to

A) the creation of the Fifth Republic.
B) the eight years of intense sectarian violence in the country.
C) the elimination of the last vestiges of the French monarchy.
D) the overall moral foundations and social equilibrium of France, resulting in economic and social modernization.
E) the country's increasing integration with the European Union.

Question 38

The socialist policies of Mitterrand included all of the following EXCEPT

A) elimination of private property.
B) sharp increases in social benefits.
C) state assistance to develop cutting edge technologies.
D) nationalization of many forms in the industrial and financial sectors.
E) the creation of public sector employment.

Question 39

In France, the impeachment procedure

A) has been used quite often during the Fourth and Fifth Republic.
B) is the duplicate to that of the United States.
C) does not exist. Only a vote of no confidence can be used to remove the executive.
D) exists but has never been used.
E) if successful, triggers new parliamentary and presidential elections.

Question 40

Unions in France

A) have historically been quite strong.
B) are viewed negatively by the French public.
C) have become weaker due to France's declining industrial sector.
D) are invited by government to participate in the making of labor relations policy.
E) have been quite active in recent decades organizing demonstrations to protest government cutbacks in social benefits.

Question 41

Which of the following is a major difference between the legal system of Roman law practiced in France and the common law system practiced in the United States and Britain?

A) In France, little importance is given to precedence, and judges take an active role in questioning witnesses and advising juries.
B) In France, the legal system generally does a much better job protecting minorities.
C) Judges in France are appointed for life whereas in common law states they are appointed for renewable terms.
D) Judges in France are appointed by the National Assembly whereas in common law states they are appointed by the executive.
E) Accused criminals have much greater protection in France than in common law states.

Question 42

The powers of the president include all of the following EXCEPT

A) naming the prime minister and other high level government officials.
B) directing the armed forces and controlling the country's nuclear forces.
C) conducting foreign affairs.
D) dissolving the National Assembly and calling for new elections.
E) appointing the nine members of the Constitutional Council.

Question 43

Members of the Constitutional Council

A) are appointed for life.
B) have always been lower court justices prior to their appointment.
C) continue to play only a marginal role when compared to the legislature and executive.
D) are typically male.
E) perform the role of proactive judicial review in that they review bills before they are voted upon in the National Assembly.

Question 44

Why are the grand corps so powerful?

A) The Constitution delegates them important policy-making powers.
B) They can veto the government's policy proposals.
C) They control the nominating process for the president.
D) They fill top executive positions in the private sector and often go on to elected positions in the National Assembly and even the presidency.
E) They control funding to all French universities.

Question 45

The two-ballot system used in presidential elections means that

A) citizens vote for the president and prime minister on separate ballots.
B) only two candidates can run for president.
C) if no candidate wins a majority on the first ballot, a run-off election is held two weeks later between the top two candidates.
D) citizens vote for the president and the National Assembly on separate ballots.
E) citizens vote for the individual on one ballot and the party on another.

Question 46

Executive dominance in policy-making means that

A) legislative and popular participation have little input.
B) bureaucratic and legislative influence is very limited.
C) European Union commitments rarely constrict France's policy actions.
D) subnational governments have limited input.
E) All of the statements are true.

Question 47

The cohabitation between President Chirac and Prime Minister Jospin produced what reform in 2000?

A) Run-off elections would be held until the same coalition holds both the presidency and the National Assembly.
B) The president's term was reduced to five years and elections for the president and National Assembly would be held at roughly the same time.
C) The National Assembly would be dissolved and new elections called in the event of cohabitation.
D) The National Assembly gained the power to appoint the president.
E) The cabinet was given additional duties.

Question 48

During periods of united control

A) the president has control over vast areas of the economy.
B) the same party controls the parliament and the subnational governments.
C) the parliament has control over the executive.
D) labor unions have a majority in the National Assembly.
E) the president has control over the executive branch but can still control the parliament's agenda and dissolve parliament.

Question 49

Cohabitation is the

A) practice of the president and prime minister both taking up residence at Elysee Palace.
B) mingling of French and Muslim citizens.
C) fusion of executive and legislative branches.
D) merging of French and European Union law.
E) situation where the president's coalition is different from the coalition in control of the parliament.

Question 50

Which one of the following features is found in the French semipresidential system but not in a classic presidential system like the United States?

A) There is a dual executive.
B) Parliament can force the president to resign.
C) The president is elected by the entire country by universal suffrage.
D) The legislature can defeat legislation proposed by the government.
E) The president can be impeached by the prime minister.

Question 51

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A) French citizens hold local officials in higher regard than national ones.
B) Beginning in the 1980s, local governments were given more administrative powers including those involving education and cultural policy.
C) Today, many economic inequalities exist among France's various localities and regions.
D) Traditionally, France's subnational governments have been very strong due to the country's federal system.
E) France had more municipalities than all other West European countries combined.

Question 52

The roles of the prime minister during unified control include all of the following EXCEPT

A) supervising the state bureaucracy.
B) providing the president with parliamentary support for government policies.
C) assuring the execution of laws.
D) being responsible for national defense.
E) assuming direct responsibility for policy-making and policy implementation.

Question 53

Why is the French president less powerful during periods of cohabitation?

A) He has lower standings in public opinion polls.
B) The constitution mandates that the president must resign if parliament votes a motion of censure.
C) The prime minister commands a parliamentary majority hostile to the president.
D) The president loses the ability to dissolve the National Assembly.
E) The prime minister is granted powers normally reserved to the president.

Question 54

When the National Assembly votes on a motion of no confidence or censure of the government, what happens?

A) The government must publicly apologize.
B) The government must call new legislative elections.
C) The government must introduce new legislation along the lines demanded by parliament.
D) The government must resign.
E) The Senate then begins impeachment proceedings.

Question 55

All of the following are powers the executive has over the parliament EXCEPT the

A) executive can issue legally binding decrees in areas outside of parliament control.
B) government has control over the legislature's agenda.
C) president can appoint deputies to the parliament.
D) government can call for a single vote on all or a portion of a bill.
E) government can request parliament to delegate authority to the government to issue regulations that have the force of law.

Question 56

What is the main purpose of the State Council?

A) To settle disputes between France's central and subnational governments
B) To supervise the actions of the French executive.
C) To mediate disputes between French public employees and the French government
D) To forward names to the president and the legislature for open judicial positions including those on the Constitutional Council
E) To advise the French president on national security matters

Question 57

What is one key power of the Constitutional Council?

A) The right to impeach the president
B) The right to approve laws
C) The right to ratify treaties
D) The right to appoint lower court judges
E) The right of judicial review

Question 58

The governmental system used in France today is called a

A) semiparliamentarian system.
B) presidential system.
C) parliamentarian system.
D) hybrid system.
E) semipresidential system.

Question 59

_____________ was the only president since De Gaulle to expand the power of the presidency.

A) Frances Mitterrand
B) Jacques Chirac
C) Georges Pompidou
D) Valery Giscard d'Estaing
E) Nicolas Sarkozy

Question 60

These are the duties of the president and prime minister during periods of cohabitation.

A) The president retains predominant responsibility for economic matters, and the prime minister is responsible for domestic issues.
B) The president is the chief executive, and the prime minister is largely a ceremonial position.
C) The president retains predominant responsibility for defense and foreign affairs but the prime minister assumes control over other areas.
D) Both share equally in duties and responsibilities.
E) The prime minister is the chief executive, and the president is largely a ceremonial position.

Question 61

The popularity of the Front National

A) is linked to uniformly negative attitudes towards immigrants of Muslim background.
B) has caused French Muslims to feel more alienated than Muslims in Britain and Germany.
C) has swayed many immigrants in France to vote for this party.
D) is a reflection of France's position in a changing world.
E) has caused many immigrants to leave France.

Question 62

What has been the most important impact of the gender parity law?

A) A backlash against female politicians resulting in a decline in the number of female deputies
B) The election of a female prime minister
C) The nomination of a female candidate for president
D) An increase of 50 percent in the number of females in the National Assembly
E) An increase in women's representation in subnational governments

Question 63

Which of the following statements about the French tradition of direct protest is NOT true?

A) The tradition stems from the lack of adequate institutional channels of representation.
B) The tradition is centuries old.
C) Direct protest is a tactic utilized only by the young and the poor.
D) This tradition is exemplified by 2010 demonstrations against pension reform.
E) France has one of the highest proportions of citizens who participate in demonstrations in Europe.

Question 64

France's trade union movement

A) has always been strong given the influence of the Socialist and Communist Parties in the countries.
B) has traditionally been weak due to de Gaulle's suppression of unions after the May 1968 protests.
C) has become weaker with the breakdown of social class and ideology in the country.
D) is generally weak, although representatives of the unions serve on boards of public agencies.
E) has little support among the French public.

Question 65

The main purpose of the law prohibiting schoolgirls from wearing a headscarf to public schools was to

A) preserve religious neutrality in the public sphere.
B) avoid persecution of Jews.
C) discourage religious violence in schools.
D) enforce the government's official position of atheism.
E) encourage equal protection for Muslim women.

Question 66

Which of the following accurately describes the dominant French approach to national identity?

A) National identity is based on the value of multiculturalism in which the diverse cultures of immigrant groups enrich French culture.
B) French national identity embodies universally valid, secular and republican values.
C) French national identity is primarily a result of the country's Catholic heritage.
D) National identity is rooted in the shared ethnic ties of most French citizens.
E) The government is attempting to dilute French national identity in favor of a European identity.

Question 67

All of the following are true of the Socialist Party (PS) EXCEPT

A) it came to power with Mitterrand in 1981.
B) it fails to be a viable opposition to the Sarkozy government.
C) it opposed the draft constitution of the European Union.
D) it put forward the first female presidential candidate.
E) it draws support from civil servants, low income groups, and educated professionals.

Question 68

Which of the following BEST explains why France has a large immigrant population?

A) The country's postwar recruitment effort for workers
B) Its extensive colonial empire
C) A lower level of xenophobia and antagonism towards immigrants in comparison to other European countries
D) Less restrictive immigration policies in comparison to other European countries
E) The fact that French schools have allowed for instruction in multiple languages

Question 69

One of the primary causes of the riots in 2005 was

A) government attempts to expel Muslims from France.
B) a law banning the wearing of conspicuous religious symbols.
C) strict government quotas on additional immigrants.
D) persistently high rates of unemployment among Muslim youths.
E) crimes against Muslims.

Question 70

France's two traditional subcultures were

A) liberal and conservative.
B) socialist and far right.
C) protestant and catholic.
D) working class and conservative.
E) nationalist and imperialist.

Question 71

France's Senators are elected by

A) a winner-take-all system.
B) a single member plurality system.
C) proportional representation.
D) an electoral college.
E) a mixture of proportional representation and plurality.

Question 72

The relationship between interest groups and the French government

A) is close. The French executive never acts on its own without consulting interest groups.
B) is contentious. Interest groups are never consulted and thus can only protest to influence policy.
C) used to be close but has become more distant.
D) is distant. The French executive often acts on its own without consulting interest groups.
E) is only close when speaking of the relationship between members of parliament and interest groups. This is due to the influence of PACS in French elections.

Question 73

Which of the following is a major difference in the law-making process used in France and that used in the United States?

A) In both countries, most bills are introduced by the executive; therefore there is no major difference.
B) In the United States, after a bill is introduced, it is reviewed by legislative committees; no such process exists in France.
C) In both countries, bills must be passed in identical forms by both chambers of the legislature; therefore, there is no difference.
D) In France, a bill must be scrutinized by the State Council to determine its impact on subnational governments; such a process does not exist in the United States.
E) In France, it is possible that a bill, once passed, can be submitted to the Constitutional Council for judicial review; such a process is not possible in the United States.

Question 74

The civil solidarity pact

A) expands the right of citizens to participate in demonstrations.
B) grants the legal rights and benefits to unmarried and gay couples that had previously been available to only married couples.
C) outlaws "groups dangerous to French national solidarity."
D) creates jobs for young people.
E) bans the wearing of conspicuous religious symbols.

Question 75

Why is the National Assembly more powerful than the Senate?

A) It must confirm the election of the president.
B) Its members are elected for longer terms.
C) It can submit a referendum to the people over the objections of the Senate.
D) It can pass a law opposed by the Senate.
E) It appoints members to the Senate.

Question 76

What was the biggest surprise of the 2002 presidential election?

A) Jean-Marie Le Pen came in second.
B) Jacques Chirac was re-elected.
C) Lionel Jospin failed to be elected.
D) Turnout was at record high levels.
E) The National Front candidate won.

Question 77

Globalization opponent José Bové is best known for

A) attacking a McDonald's construction site.
B) coming in second in the 2005 presidential election.
C) advocating closer integration with the European Union.
D) starting the World Social Forum, an annual assembly of anti-globalization activists.
E) instigating the riots in Muslim neighborhoods.

Question 78

Which of the following has caused some scholars to speak of a crisis in the French party system?

A) The electoral success of Jean-Marie Le Pen
B) Considerable support for fringe parties like the Front National
C) The increasing decentralization of political parties
D) The rise of independent candidates for president
E) The increasing rate of voter turnout

Question 79

What has been the most important effect of the two-ballot single-district procedure used to elect delegates to the National Assembly?

A) Fragmentation of the party system
B) Emergence of small fringe parties
C) Decline in voter turnout
D) Political corruption
E) Polarization of the party system

Question 80

All of the following are true of the UMP party EXCEPT

A) the party's base is composed of the elderly, business executives, shopkeepers, professionals, farmers, the wealthy and the highly educated.
B) it has a socialist ideology.
C) it is the majority party in the National Assembly and the party of President Sarkozy.
D) it was created to support de Gaulle's personal leadership.
E) when it was created, it incorporated many smaller parties from the center-right.