Deck 31: Chemotherapy for the Control of Periodontitis

Question 1

Which of the following is the term used to describe the needlelike tip used for professional irrigation?

A) Jet tip
B) Cannula
C) Irrigant
D) Microsphere

Answer 1

Cannula

Question 2

According to available research, an over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription therapeutic preprocedural rinse can reliably be counted on to do which of the following?

A) Decrease the number of microorganisms available to the clinical environment.
B) Prevent cross-contamination of microorganisms from client to client.
C) Prevent bacterial endocarditis.
D) Prevent self-induced bacteremias.

Answer 2

Decrease the number of microorganisms available to the clinical environment.

Question 3

Oral chemotherapeutics are used to control plaque and prevent dental and periodontal diseases. Which of the following is the least true regarding the typical use of oral chemotherapeutics?

A) Replaces traditional mechanical plaque control measures
B) Describes the incorporation of an active ingredient within a delivery system
C) Capable of reducing the overall quantity of bacterial pathogens
D) Ability to alter pathogenic microorganisms reducing pathogenicity

Answer 3

Replaces traditional mechanical plaque control measures

Question 4

Which of the following products is not an antibiotic-based controlled-release drug?

A) Actisite
B) Periowave
C) Elyzol
D) Arestin

Question 5

Which of the following oral chemotherapeutics is the most common delivery system for self-applied local application?

A) Irrigation
B) Fluoride
C) Mouthwash
D) Dentifrice

Question 6

The two dimensions of oral chemotherapeutics are the active ingredient and the delivery system. The delivery system can be either locally or systemically applied.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 7

All of the following statements are true regarding controlled-release drug delivery systems except:

A) indicated in sites with persistent clinical attachment loss and deep pockets.
B) require professional placement into disease site.
C) provide sustained drug delivery over months of time.
D) provide relatively high doses of systemic drug concentrations.

Question 8

What is the most effective antiplaque and antigingivitis OTC proprietary agent having received the ADA seal for therapeutic efficacy?

A) Atridox
B) Peridex
C) Listerine
D) Cepacol

Question 9

The literature surrounding the therapeutic efficacy of professional subgingival irrigation is equivocal because adequate concentrations of the active ingredient are unable to be maintained for sufficient periods of time.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct, and they are related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct, but they are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 10

Which of the following terms describes the ability of an active therapeutic agent to be retained in the oral cavity and to continue to be released over an extended period of time without losing its potency?

A) Antimicrobial
B) Bactericidal
C) Substantivity
D) Bacteriostatic

Question 11

All of the following statements are true regarding the systemic delivery of antibiotics except:

A) ingested and then delivered via the bloodstream.
B) access the subgingival microflora via gingival crevicular fluid.
C) demonstrated efficacy on periodontal parameters.
D) delivers high concentrations to periodontitis sites compared with locally delivered methods.

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding the chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) chip?

A) Must be professionally removed
B) Marketed under the trade name Atridox
C) Suppresses bacteria for several weeks after release
D) Contraindicated for clients allergic to the tetracycline family of antibiotics

Question 13

All of the following describe the research guidelines provided by the ADA Council on Scientific Affairs except:

A) study population should be representative of typical users.
B) studies should be at least 2 months long.
C) study product should be used in its normal regimen.
D) at least two studies should be conducted by independent researchers.

Question 14

Which of the following agencies in North America exists to help reduce the risk of harm to clients and diminish their confusion surrounding misbranding of oral chemotherapeutics?

A) The American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs
B) The Canadian Dental Association
C) The Food and Drug Administration
D) All of the above

Question 15

All of the following statements are true regarding the current understanding surrounding oral rinses incorporating alcohol except:

A) the association between the alcohol in oral rinse and oral cancer has been substantiated.
B) alcohol is included in oral rinse to emulsify the antimicrobial ingredients.
C) ethanol is the type of alcohol used in oral rinses.
D) alcohol containing oral rinse is contraindicated in some individuals.

Question 16

Periodontal disease is a complex infectious disease that requires the colonization of bacterial pathogens; thus the control of bacterial plaque biofilm is an essential component of any long-term strategy to prevent and control these dental diseases.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 17

CHG is the most widely investigated broad spectrum antimicrobial used in oral chemotherapeutics. It is typically used in prescription oral rinses and for professional irrigation.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 18

All of the following are true regarding the active ingredient within an oral chemotherapeutic except:

A) responsible for reducing or altering the microbial pathogens.
B) equally effective across various delivery systems.
C) can be bactericidal or bacteriostatic.
D) oral antiseptics have received the most research attention.

Question 19

In controlled drug delivery for treatment of periodontitis, a contraindication to the use of minocycline microspheres is a client's known sensitivity to tetracycline. The minocycline product needs to be professionally removed after it has been in place for about 10 days.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 20

Subantimicrobial systemic dose of antibiotics refers most closely to which of the following statements?

A) Antibacterial with shifts in normal periodontal flora
B) Used for relatively short periods of time
C) Administration of a reduced quantity of drug for alternative purposes
D) Used in clients normally sensitive to antibiotics

Question 21

Which of the following is true regarding oxygenating agents?

A) Marketed specifically for halitosis relief
B) Marketed commercially as Amosan
C) Demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in plaque and gingivitis reductions
D) Received the ADA seal of approval

Question 22

Which of the following are considered to be the two most effective controlled-release agents?

A) Metronidazole and chlorhexidine
B) Doxycycline and minocycline
C) Minocycline and tetracycline
D) Chlorhexidine and doxycycline

Question 23

Which of the following is the best example of an active ingredient that can be applied both locally and systemically and can be both self-applied and professionally-applied?

A) Fluoride
B) Minocycline gel
C) Probiotics
D) Oxidizing agents

Question 24

While many active ingredients are available within commercially available oral rinses and dentifrices very few have received the ADA seal of therapeutic efficacy because of all of the following factors except:

A) product has only demonstrated reductions in plaque and gingivitis in short-term studies.
B) product has only been demonstrated efficacious in in vitro studies.
C) insufficient number of long-term studies demonstrating efficacy of product.
D) product has demonstrated efficacy but researchers had disclosed a conflict of interest.

Question 25

Which of the following statements best describes a monotherapy?

A) A 2-week study using a CPC rinse with suspended mechanical oral hygiene
B) A 6-month study comparing essential oil and CHG rinse with toothbrushing and flossing
C) Scaling and root planing and local irrigation with chlorhexidine in deep pockets
D) Prescribing antibiotics subsequent to periodontal scaling and root planing

Question 26

Which of the following is a negative side effect common to CHG-based oral rinses preventing its long-term use in many individuals?

A) Xerostomia
B) Fluorosis
C) Soft-tissue ulcerations
D) Temporary dental staining

Question 27

Photodynamic disinfection therapy is a three-stage system to inactivate subgingival microorganisms; the first step is the application of a nonthermal diode laser light to illuminate the are a.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 28

All of the following are ideal properties of an ideal home oral rinse except:

A) broad spectrum.
B) palatable for the user.
C) insoluble.
D) safe to use over long periods of time.

Question 29

Each of the following describes professional irrigation in contrast to home irrigation systems except:

A) a cannula is generally used for application.
B) designed for subgingival penetration into diseased sites.
C) delivers pulsating stream of fluid.
D) typically employs an active ingredient.

Question 30

Which of the following is not a condition associated with systemic antibiotic therapy?

A) Increase in photosensitivity
B) Decreased effectiveness of oral contraceptives
C) Depressed prothrombin activity
D) Intrinsic staining in erupted permanent teeth