Deck 9: Infection Control

Question 1

Today, effective vaccines are available to prevent which of the following infections?

A) HIV
B) Hepatitis C
C) Hepatitis B
D) Hepatitis A
E) Hepatitis B and A

Answer 1

Hepatitis B

Question 2

The components of a personnel health infection-control program should include which of the following?

A) Infection control education and training for staff
B) Appropriate immunizations for vaccine-preventable diseases
C) Exposure prevention and postexposure management strategies
D) Policies regarding work-related illness and work restrictions
E) Confidentiality of work-related medical evaluations for staff
F) All of the above

Answer 2

All of the above

Question 3

Which of the following is (are) true regarding standard infection-control precautions?

A) Standard precautions are strategies used to reduce the risk of transmission of pathogens in healthcare settings.
B) Standard precautions should be used in caring for all clients, regardless of their infectious status.
C) Expanded or transmission-based precautions are used beyond standard precautions to interrupt the spread of certain pathogens.
D) Standard precautions apply to exposure to blood, all body fluids and secretions (except sweat), nonintact skin, and mucous membranes.
E) All of the above are true.

Answer 3

All of the above are true.

Question 4

X-ray heads, light handles, high- and low-volume evacuators, tubing for handpieces, instrument trays, countertops, and chair surfaces are all examples of:

A) critical instruments
B) semicritical instruments
C) noncritical instruments
D) none of the above

Question 5

Which of the following statements regarding processing of contaminated instruments is (are) true?

A) Instruments should be processed in an area separate from where clean instruments are stored.
B) Personnel should wear heavy-duty utility/puncture-resistant gloves.
C) Instruments only need cleaning if they have visible contamination.
D) Instruments should be heat-sterilized unless they are heat sensitive.
E) Cleaning an instrument precedes all sterilization and disinfection processes.
F) Options a, b, d, and e are true.

Question 6

Which of the following modes of transmission most effectively transmits hepatitis B and HIV?

A) Airborne
B) Direct contact
C) Droplet
D) Bloodborne
E) All of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is not true of gloves?

A) Certain hand lotions can affect the integrity of gloves.
B) Wearing gloves replaces the need for hand washing.
C) Sterile surgical gloves are recommended for oral surgical procedures.
D) The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has identified glove failure rates for manufacturers.
E) Certain glove materials can interfere with the setting of impression materials.

Question 8

Which type of infection-control precautions guards against exposure, not just to blood, but to all body fluids except sweat and tears in healthcare settings?

A) Generic
B) Universal
C) Standard
D) Transmission based
E) Isolation

Question 9

Which of the following is not usually worn as personal protective equipment when anticipating spatter of blood or body fluids?

A) Barrier attire (e.g., coat or gown with long sleeves)
B) Gloves
C) Head covering
D) Protective eyewear or face shield
E) Face mask

Question 10

Which of the following pathogens is most likely to be effectively transmitted in a dental health care setting, if a bloodborne occupational exposure occurs?

A) Hepatitis B virus
B) Hepatitis C virus
C) Human immunodeficiency virus
D) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 11

Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding monitoring the correct functioning of a sterilizer?

A) A chemical indicator should be placed in a visible area of the package before sterilization processing.
B) A biological indicator spore test should be processed through a sterilizer cycle at least once a week.
C) A biological indicator control test matching the same lot of the spore test should be submitted with the sterilizer spore test.
D) Mechanical assessments of a sterilizer cycle time and temperature should be monitored.
E) All of the above are true.

Question 12

Low- to intermediate-level disinfectants used to clean environmental surfaces:

A) rapidly inactivate human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus on clinical contact and housekeeping surfaces.
B) must be FDA registered and appropriate to disinfect floors, depending on type of contamination.
C) do both of the above.
D) do neither of the above.

Question 13

Which of the following is (are) true regarding infection-control program evaluation?

A) A method used to ensure a safe working environment should be in place to reduce the risk of health care-associated infections among clients and occupational injuries and illnesses among dental health care personnel.
B) Evaluation of a program should include documenting periodic observational assessments, reviewing completed checklists, and reviewing occupational exposures.
C) An evaluation program does not improve an infection-control program.
D) Both a and b are true.
E) Both a and c are true.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a link in the "chain of infection"?

A) A pathogen in sufficient numbers
B) A mode of transmission for the pathogen
C) An immune host
D) A portal of entry into a new host

Question 15

Which of the following is the most effective and efficient method to protect dental healthcare personnel from occupational sharps exposure risks?

A) Wearing gloves
B) Using safer devices
C) Immunization
D) Infection control training

Question 16

Which of the following should be part of infection prevention and control personnel health program?

A) An infection control education and training schedule
B) A predetermined number of personal days determined by job title and length of employment
C) A standard color and style for worker uniforms
D) An injury management protocol that allows an injured worker to seek care from the physician of his or her choice
E) None of the above

Question 17

What is the most common type of sterilizer found in dental healthcare settings?

A) Dry heat sterilizers
B) Immersion chemical sterilants
C) Steam autoclaves
D) Unsaturated chemical vapor sterilizers

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of an engineering control?

A) Education and training
B) A sharps container
C) Using the one-handed scoop technique to recap a needle
D) Hand washing

Question 19

Which of the following is the first step in managing an occupational exposure?

A) Report the injury to the designated person in the practice setting.
B) Perform first aid.
C) Complete an exposure report.
D) Apply a strong disinfectant to the wound site.

Question 20

Factors to consider in assessing the need for follow-up after an occupational blood or body fluid exposure include:

A) the type of exposure.
B) the type of body fluid.
C) the bloodborne pathogen status of the source.
D) the susceptibility of the exposed person.
E) all of the above.
F) none of the above.

Question 21

When applying Standard Precautions, the main factor to consider when selecting protective attire for a given procedure is:

A) the infectious status of the source client.
B) the infectious status of the DHCP.
C) the nature of the procedure.
D) all of the above.

Question 22

Which of the following is an example of a work practice control intended to prevent accidental exposure to blood or OPIM?

A) Safety needle
B) Sharps container
C) Finger positioning when retracting tissue
D) Wearing eye protection and a mask

Question 23

Tuberculosis is transmitted by:

A) airborne droplet nuclei.
B) saliva.
C) both of the above.
D) none of the above.

Question 24

If a physician states that a tuberculosis client's infection is no longer contagious:

A) it is safe to provide elective treatment in the dental office.
B) it is safe to provide elective dental treatment in the dental office, but n-95 respirators should be worn.
C) it is safe to provide elective dental treatment, but only in a tuberculosis isolation setting.
D) wait 3 months to schedule elective dental treatment.

Question 25

If a client is suspected of having clinically active tuberculosis, the dental healthcare provider should first:

A) proceed with treatment as planned.
B) wear a particulate respirator during treatment.
C) defer treatment and refer the client for medical evaluation.
D) treat the client in a tuberculosis isolation room.

Question 26

Transmission-based precautions may be necessary to prevent the spread of:

A) varicella.
B) hepatitis B.
C) hepatitis C.
D) HIV.

Question 27

Which of the following is not a purpose of the client health history?

A) Understanding the client's overall health
B) Assisting in making appropriate care and referral decisions
C) Determining if the client has a bloodborne disease for infection-control purposes.
D) Identifying persons infected with diseases for which there may be a need for additional precautions

Question 28

Which types of procedures may be restricted for a DHCP who is hepatitis B e-antigen positive?

A) None
B) Major oral or maxillofacial surgery
C) All invasive procedures
D) All periodontal procedures