Deck 14: Pharmacologic History

Question 1

Where does the majority of drug metabolism occur in the human body?

A) Liver
B) Kidney
C) Intestines
D) Blood

Answer 1

Liver

Question 2

Which variable is used to determine pediatric drug dosage?

A) Age
B) Height
C) Weight
D) Total body surface area

Answer 2

Weight

Question 3

A drug that alters the pH of the stomach alters which aspect of pharmacokinetics of a second administered drug?

A) Absorption
B) Distribution
C) Metabolism
D) Excretion

Answer 3

Absorption

Question 4

All of the following are common preexisting conditions that may limit the use of certain medications except one. Which is the one exception?

A) Enlarged prostate
B) Hypertension
C) Duodenal ulcer
D) Thyroid disease

Question 5

Occasionally a client experiences a side effect that is completely unexpected or qualitatively different from any known published side effects. This is called:

A) drug tolerance
B) drug idiosyncrasy
C) teratogenicity
D) Tachyphylaxis

Question 6

What term is used to describe the need for an increasingly larger dose to produce the desired clinical effect?

A) Potency
B) Tachyphylaxis
C) Idiosyncrasy
D) Tolerance

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the manufacturer's recommendations for pediatric drug dosing?

A) Equivalent dosing to the adult dose
B) Half of the adult dose
C) One quarter of the adult dose
D) Twice the adult dose

Question 8

Which of the following conditions will occur as a result of lowered bacterial plaque pH?

A) Recession
B) Aphthous ulcers
C) Dentinal hypersensitivity
D) Herpetic lesions

Question 9

What is the most common drug found in OTC products applied topically for pain control?

A) Lidocaine
B) Tetracaine
C) Benzocaine
D) Carbocaine

Question 10

All of the following characteristics apply to drug side effects except one. Which is the one exception?

A) Reversible
B) Tolerable
C) Dose-related
D) Unpredictable

Question 11

Which of the following classes of medications can be used to stimulate salivary flow in clients with functional gland tissue?

A) Cholinergic agonists
B) Anticholinergics
C) Sympathomimetics
D) Adrenergic blockers

Question 12

Which FDA pregnancy category represents the highest degree of risk to the fetus?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) X

Question 13

Which of the following is an adverse drug event that results in permanent tissue damage?

A) Side effect
B) Hypersensitivity reaction
C) Toxicity reaction
D) Therapeutic effect

Question 14

All of the following are normal physiologic changes associated with aging that alter drug activity in the body except one. Which is the one exception?

A) Decreased liver function
B) Decreased kidney function
C) Decreased body fat
D) Decreased plasma proteins

Question 15

What is the best recommendation that the dental hygienist can give to a client to reduce her risk for developing recurrent oral fungal infections?

A) Instruct the client to change toothbrushes frequently.
B) Advise the client to rinse twice daily with an antiseptic mouth rinse.
C) Teach the client not to share toothpaste or cosmetics.
D) Encourage the client to chew xylitol gum preventively.

Question 16

What type of effect is seen in a client who experiences a response to a drug that is qualitatively different from the usual or expected response?

A) Drug toxicity
B) Hypersensitivity reaction
C) Drug idiosyncrasy
D) Pathologic influence

Question 17

Clients with an allergy to penicillin are more likely to show a cross-sensitivity reaction to which of the following classes of antibiotics?

A) Cephalosporins
B) Tetracyclines
C) Macrolides
D) Fluoroquinolones

Question 18

What field studies the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs?

A) Pharmacokinetics
B) Pharmacodynamics
C) Pharmacogenomics
D) Pharmacotherapeutics

Question 19

What is the most common etiology for angular cheilitis?

A) Vitamin deficiency
B) Fungal infection
C) Allergic reaction
D) Localized dermatitis

Question 20

Which of the following adverse drug effect is the most common oral complication associated with medication use?

A) Caries
B) Xerostomia
C) Periodontal disease
D) Taste alteration

Question 21

Which of the following is the most common cause of xerostomia?

A) Sjögren's syndrome
B) Head and neck radiation
C) Medication use
D) Nerve damage

Question 22

Nitrous oxide is associated with which of the following adverse drug effects?

A) Nephrotoxicity
B) Liver failure
C) Seizures
D) Teratogenicity

Question 23

Which of the following substances are glycoproteins that provide lubrication to protect the oral mucous membranes from injury, ulceration, and toxins?

A) Mucins
B) Urea
C) Immunoglobulin A
D) Lactoferrin

Question 24

Clients who experience taste alteration as a medication-induced side effect often exhibit oral health behaviors that increase their risk for developing which condition?

A) Caries
B) Periodontal disease
C) Aphthous ulcers
D) Fungal infections

Question 25

All of the following medications cause gingival hyperplasia as a side effect except one. Which is the one exception?

A) Phenytoin (Dilantin)
B) Nifedipine (Procardia)
C) Cyclosporine (Sandimmune)
D) Propranolol (Inderal)

Question 26

Clients who have demonstrated weight loss may experience which of the following oral complications?

A) Difficulty speaking
B) Difficulty chewing
C) Difficulty wearing dentures
D) Difficulty swallowing

Question 27

Which of the following is the most important factor for consideration when determining whether to proceed with dental hygiene treatment for a medicated client?

A) Presence of environmental safety hazards
B) Risk for compromising the client's health
C) Availability of supportive emergency equipment
D) Use of personal protective equipment

Question 28

Which of the following interventions has the greatest amount of evidence to support its caries-protective effects?

A) Amorphous calcium phosphate
B) Chlorhexidine
C) Fluoride
D) Xylitol

Question 29

Which of the following conditions may result as a consequence of loss of lubrication?

A) Herpes labialis
B) Digestive problems
C) Oropharyngeal candidiasis
D) Taste alteration