Deck 8: Childhood and Adolescent Sexuality

Question 1

The National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior found that today's adolescents are increasingly engaging in more risky sexual behaviors.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The majority of parents and teachers prefer to have abstinence-only sexuality education be taught in schools.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Teen pregnancy rates across Europe are about the same as in the U.S.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Girls' growth spurts typically happen earlier than boys'.

Question 5

When a 4-year-old child has an erection, we can most likely assume:

A) That his physiology is functioning normally.
B) That he has experienced something causing him to be sexually aroused.
C) That he is likely to feel embarrassed about his erection.
D) That he is not likely to have erectile dysfunction later in his life.

Question 6

According to the most recent sexuality studies, oral sex among teens has increased.

Question 7

Casual parental attitudes towards nudity and seeing parents naked are correlated with lower levels of self-esteem in children.

Question 8

During adolescence, the risks for depression and suicide are about equal for heterosexual and homosexual youth.

Question 9

Comprehensive sexuality education programs typically begin in kindergarten and continue through 12th grade.

Question 10

Experts encourage parents to be tolerant of their children's questions and behaviors related to sexuality (e.g., genital touching).

Question 11

Emma, almost 3 years old, knows that she is a girl, but sometimes says things indicating that she thinks she may be a boy in the future. Emma has not yet achieved:

A) Gender identity.
B) Gender constancy.
C) Gender integration.
D) Gender role identification.

Question 12

Parents should be more concerned if their children show no interest in their own or other children's bodies than being concerned if they are engaging in sex play.

Question 13

Cross-cultural studies show that the majority of teens worldwide are receiving adequate sexuality education.

Question 14

Which description is LEAST likely to have been a recent study done in the United States?

A) Understanding the link between age of first sexual encounter and teen pregnancy
B) Understanding the potential cause for increasing rates of STIs among teens
C) The impact of abstinence education on the sexual behaviors of adolescents
D) An exploration of how sexual orientation influences adolescents' perceptions of themselves as sexual beings

Question 15

What hormone is released in response to a baby's crying, which in turn facilitates the release of breast milk?

A) Estrogen
B) Oxytocin
C) Pheromone
D) Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 16

What best describes genital self-stimulation and infants?

A) During infancy genital touching is virtually unknown.
B) Genital touching during infancy is uncommon and should be considered a warning sign of potential psychosexual disorders.
C) During infancy genital touching is uncommon and not correlated with future sexual problems when it does occur.
D) Genital touching during infancy is common and should not be discouraged.

Question 17

Ultrasound technology has revealed that sexual anatomy (e.g., erections in males) becomes functional before birth.

Question 18

In the United States, there is a standard sexuality education curriculum for all states to implement.

Question 19

Ethnic differences do not account for much variance in sexual attitudes, sexual behaviors, or frequency of behaviors among teens.

Question 20

On average, boys begin ejaculation before most girls experience their first period.

Question 21

About what percent of American students in grades 9-12 have engaged in heterosexual intercourse?

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 70%
D) 85%

Question 22

What is a common criticism of many of the studies related to childhood sexuality (e.g., information from Kinsey's data of 1948 and 1953)?

A) Most are completed using participants who have experienced childhood sexual abuse.
B) Most do not ask children questions directly but rely on parents to judge their children's sexuality development.
C) Most are retrospective in nature and rely on older adults to remember what they did when they were young.
D) More studies have relied on information from girls because they are more likely to be open about their early childhood experiences.

Question 23

Which group of teens was found to have lower GPAs, care less about school, and experience more school problems?

A) Abstinent teens
B) Teens in a serious relationship
C) Teens engaging in casual sex
D) All of these groups were similar in terms of academic outcomes.

Question 24

What is the average age for American students' first sexual intercourse?

A) 14
B) 15
C) 16
D) 17

Question 25

Research finds that more adolescent and young adult males masturbate than females. What is one possible reason for this?

A) Females may under-report their masturbation.
B) Females do not typically enjoy masturbation.
C) Females do not reach orgasm as easily through masturbation.
D) All of these

Question 26

Which of the following statements describes patterns of teens and oral sex?

A) African American females are more likely than White and Hispanic females to give oral sex.
B) Teens from lower socioeconomic classes are more likely than those from higher socioeconomic classes to engage in oral sex.
C) The majority of heterosexual teens engage in oral sex after they have already engaged in sexual intercourse.
D) Equal numbers of males and females engage in both giving and receiving oral sex.

Question 27

On average, which of these signs of puberty are most likely to occur first?

A) Boys experience their first ejaculation.
B) Girls experience their first period.
C) Girls develop breast buds and the appearance of pubic hair.
D) Boys have the appearance of pubic hair.

Question 28

Young boys are often told to call their penis a "wiener." What are young girls often told to call their clitoris?

A) Man in the boat
B) Pee pee
C) Tee tee
D) None of the above

Question 29

A typically-developing child shows a decline in sexual exploration. Most likely, this child is how old?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 6
D) 11

Question 30

Since the earlier Kinsey studies, how have rates of oral sex among teenagers changed?

A) Rates of oral sex have decreased and been replaced by higher levels of intercourse.
B) Rates of oral sex have remained constant between the years of the Kinsey studies and the more recent National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior.
C) Rates of oral sex have increased according to results of the National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior.
D) Rates of receiving oral sex for males have remained constant while rates of receiving oral sex for females have increased dramatically.

Question 31

According to information in your text, which of the following factors increased the risk for an eating disorder?

A) Girls who go through puberty early
B) Boys and girls who experience puberty later than majority of their peers
C) Boys who go through puberty early
D) Receiving information about sex prior to the 5th grade

Question 32

What type of sexuality-related questions are the most common for children to ask first?

A) What is a period?
B) Where do babies get outside of the mommy?
C) Why do mommies and daddies kiss like that?
D) Why do boys have a penis and girls have a vagina?

Question 33

Same-sex experimentation in preadolescents is:

A) Very rare.
B) An early sign of future sexual orientation.
C) Quite common.
D) A sign that the child has been sexually abused.

Question 34

Teens who delay sexual activity are more likely to:

A) Feel a personal connection to their family.
B) Discuss sex and abstinence with their parents.
C) Have higher intelligence levels.
D) All of these

Question 35

The best approach for parents whose five-year-old child walks in on them while they are having sexual intercourse is to:

A) Explain to the child that he or she should not imitate their behaviors.
B) Teach the child to knock before entering the bedroom in the future.
C) Have an honest discussion about love and intercourse.
D) All of these

Question 36

Children's earliest friendships tend to be activity-based, whereas in early adolescence friendships are more based on:

A) Affective qualities.
B) Physical qualities.
C) Social status.
D) Sexual orientation.

Question 37

What have studies related to sibling sexual contact found?

A) While sex games or fondling are fairly common, sexual contact between siblings is more likely to be harmful when there is a large age difference between siblings.
B) Sex games or fondling are not common between siblings and when they do happen it is usually an indicator of sexual abuse occurring in the family.
C) While sex play in general is uncommon, when it does happen it typically involves penetration and/or oral stimulation of the genitals.
D) Coerced sex play is more common between brothers than between sisters.

Question 38

Which statement describes common feelings of teens about timing of puberty?

A) Girls who mature early feel more positive about their bodies.
B) Boys who develop late feel more positive about their bodies.
C) Early development in girls is less embarrassing than early development in boys.
D) Maturing early or late can be difficult for both boys and girls.

Question 39

The National Survey of Family Growth had the following finding related to anal sex among teens:

A) Anal sex is very uncommon, reported by approximately 5% of teens aged 18 to 19.
B) There are significant differences among ethnic and racial groups with heterosexual Hispanic males reporting the lowest rates of anal intercourse.
C) Same-sex receptive anal sex was reported by approximately 15% of men aged 18 to 19.
D) Reports of engaging in anal sex were over 10% for both males and females aged 18 to 19.

Question 40

What is the technical term used for first ejaculation in boys?

A) Spermarche
B) Nocturnal emission
C) Semenarche
D) Spermatogenesis

Question 41

Molly has just taken a virginity pledge. Compared to girls who did not take this pledge, Molly is more likely to:

A) Abstain from sexual intercourse until marriage.
B) Have an unplanned pregnancy.
C) Use contraception if she "breaks" her pledge.
D) Masturbate more frequently.

Question 42

What percent of high school students commonly report being unsure about their sexual orientation?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 25%
D) 30%

Question 43

What was the most common motivation given by boys for engaging in sexual intercourse for the first time?

A) Affection for partner
B) Curiosity
C) Just went along with it
D) Physical pleasure

Question 44

Luke has been asking his mom and dad questions such as "where was I before I was born" and "how does my mommy get a baby?" How old do you think Luke is?

A) 2 to 3
B) 3 to 4
C) 6 to 8
D) 9 to 11

Question 45

Because they are more likely to be in dating relationships with a male who is older, who would be more likely to find themselves at increased risk for early initiation into sexual behavior, unprotected sex, and pregnancy?

A) Latina females
B) Black females
C) White females
D) Asian females

Question 46

All of the following are true about teens and contraceptive use EXCEPT:

A) Teens who talk more frequently with their mothers about sexuality are more likely to use contraception than teens who do not talk to their mothers.
B) Approximately 80% of U.S. teens use contraception the first time they engage in sexual intercourse.
C) Condoms are the most common form of contraception method among teens.
D) Teens in long-term relationships are less likely to use contraception methods.

Question 47

What is true of teenage pregnancy rates?

A) Teen birth rates in the U.S. have increased steadily since the early 1990s.
B) Teen birth rates in the U.S. are significantly lower than those in other industrialized nations.
C) The United States is ahead of most other Western countries in providing specialized services for teen mothers.
D) Teen birth rates in the United States have declined since the 1990s.

Question 48

Research on parent-adolescent communication has found that boys are more likely to learn about sex from:

A) Religious figures and siblings.
B) Their peers and the media.
C) Their mothers and peers.
D) Their fathers and the media.

Question 49

Which of the following statements is true related to religion and sexual activity?

A) Religion has not been found to be a significant factor in delaying first intercourse.
B) Religious teens are more likely to have higher incidents of premarital sexual activity out of curiosity.
C) Religious teens tend to delay sexual behaviors but after they start having sex, the influence from religion has little impact on the frequency of sexual behaviors.
D) Religious teens are more likely to use contraception when they do become sexually active.

Question 50

What was the focus of early 20th century sexuality education movement of the American Society of Sanitary and Moral Prophylaxis?

A) Pregnancy prevention
B) STI prevention
C) Preventing premarital sex
D) Providing information about intimate relationships

Question 51

All of these statements are true regarding heterosexual intercourse EXCEPT:

A) Rates of sexual intercourse among teens has been declining since 1988.
B) On average, Black males engage in sexual intercourse earlier than White males.
C) Rates of initiation of sexual intercourse are similar across comparable developed countries.
D) Nearly 90% of males and females report they wanted to have sexual intercourse the first time they did.

Question 52

Riley has been asking questions such as "why do some girls have larger breasts than others" and "do boys have a period too?" How old is Riley likely to be?

A) 3 to 5
B) 6 to 8
C) 9 to 12
D) 12 to 14

Question 53

Who typically communicates about sexuality between parents and children?

A) Mothers to daughters and fathers to sons
B) Mothers to both sons and daughters
C) Fathers to both sons and daughters
D) Mothers and fathers equally to sons and daughters

Question 54

What was the most common motivation given by girls for engaging in sexual intercourse for the first time?

A) Affection for partner
B) Curiosity
C) Just went along with it
D) Physical pleasure

Question 55

Which statement describes typical abstinence-only sexuality education programs?

A) They typically promote abstinence as the only choice that will fully protect against pregnancy and STIs while providing information about contraception as a backup plan.
B) They promote abstinence and do not commonly present information about contraception, anatomy, or STIs.
C) Abstinence-only programs promote abstinence until the individual is old enough to be emotionally, socially, and cognitively ready to have sex.
D) Abstinence-only programs are supported by the majority of Americans and backed up with research evidence showing that these programs achieve their desired results.

Question 56

Laura asks questions such as "how far should you go on a date" and "why do people think it is wrong to have sex before marriage?" How old is Laura likely to be?

A) 6 to 8
B) 9 to 12
C) 12 to 14
D) 15 to 17

Question 57

What type of sexuality education do the majority of American parents and teachers support being taught in schools?

A) Comprehensive sexuality education
B) Abstinence-only sexuality education
C) Abstinence-only plus HIV/AIDS education
D) Most support no sexuality education in schools and believe that is the role of the parents.

Question 58

What types of sexuality education programs were found to delay sexual behavior and reduce frequency of sexual behaviors and unprotected sex?

A) Abstinence-only with information included about STIs
B) Abstinence-only programs that do not prematurely introduce advanced topics such as contraception and STIs
C) Comprehensive education that includes abstinence and contraceptive information
D) No educational programs have been found to influence sexual behaviors.

Question 59

Related to peer influences, what is true of how peers influence each other related to sexual behaviors?

A) A person's perception of what peers are doing has a greater influence than peers' actual behaviors.
B) Peers' actual behaviors are the strongest predictor of sexual behavior within peer groups.
C) Peer influences are only correlated with patterns of casual sex but have not been found to greatly influence teens in serious dating relationships.
D) Contrary to popular belief, peer influences are not related to decisions about sexual activities during adolescence.

Question 60

People from which country are least likely to engage in sexual intercourse as teenagers?

A) Canada
B) Japan
C) France
D) Russia

Question 61

Discuss the research findings on the effects of sexuality education. Be sure to include references to specific findings. Based on these findings, what information do you feel should be included in a quality sexuality education program?

Question 62

List and discuss the four reasons given in your textbook for parents' anxiety about talking with their children about sexuality.

Question 63

What country has the world's lowest rates of teenage pregnancy?

A) France
B) China
C) The Netherlands
D) Brazil

Question 64

Summarize the four goals of comprehensive sexuality education programs.

Question 65

Identify and discuss the types of sexual behaviors that are common in middle childhood through the preteen years. Be sure to include references to your text.

Question 66

If you want your son or daughter to delay the age of first sexual behaviors, and avoid STIs and unintended pregnancy, what should you consider doing?

A) Talk to them about sex early and often.
B) Have them participate in a comprehensive sexuality education program.
C) Encourage abstinence along with providing information about contraception.
D) All of these

Question 67

What does research show about genital touching during infancy and early childhood (ages 2 to 5)? Be sure to include information about frequency, motivation, etc.

Question 68

Discuss the standard measures that are used to determine success of a sexuality program. What are the limitations of these measures? Name at least 2 other measures suggested by the author of your text related to the effects of sexuality education programs and why they are hard to measure.

Question 69

Most studies about the effects of sexuality education programs include measures of:

A) Changes in attitude related to sexuality.
B) Level of communication skills related to sexuality.
C) Feelings of confidence and overall mental health.
D) None of these.

Question 70

What characteristics do countries that have lower rates of teen pregnancy, abortio,n and childbearing have in common?

A) Theyare more "personal-growth" oriented.
B) They have more conservative attitudes toward sexuality.
C) They have a separation of school and home related to issues of sexuality education.
D) They have more religious and traditional sanctions around sexual behaviors.

Question 71

Identify the three social factors discussed in your text that influence teens' sexuality. For each, give an explanation of how it influences teens and a specific research finding for that influence.

Question 72

Identify one example of a question children might ask at each of the following stages: (1) Ages 3 to5, (2) Ages 6 to 8, (3) Ages 9 to 12, (4) Ages 12 to 14, and (5) Ages15 to 17. Based on information from your text, how would parents be encouraged to respond to each question? You may use a paragraph or chart format.

Question 73

What countries are known as world leaders in sexuality education, providing the best examples of the value of high-quality sex education?

A) Brazil and Canada
B) United States and France
C) Sweden and the Netherlands
D) Japan and England

Question 74

Discuss the common patterns of sexual contact among teens. For example, do girls or boys engage in behaviors such as kissing and petting earlier; what has been found related to oral sex; are there gender differences, ethnic differences; what about anal sex?

Question 75

Assume you are hired to develop a questionnaire-based study of adolescents' sexual behaviors. What are some topics you would want to include and why? What are some problems you are likely to encounter in doing your research?