Deck 17: Power and Coercion

Question 1

Related to cross-cultural views of rape, what is a reason rape is committed in other cultures?

A) As an initiation rite
B) As a way to prove manhood
C) As punishment for infidelity
D) All of these

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The website NotAlone.gov was established as a centralized site to:

A) Collect data on rape and sexual assault on college campuses.
B) Collect data on all types of violence on college campuses.
C) Monitor compliance with the Campus Save Act.
D) Provide a 24-hour hotline to college students related to rape prevention.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Related to the research presented about gender and attitudes about rape, who would be less likely to commit sexual assault?

A) Cole, who took a human sexuality course that covered a unit on rape and sexual assault
B) Jermaine, who participated in an MVP program through his college
C) Nahid, who used to brag about having sex with drunk girls, but stopped when he noticed his friends gave him the cold shoulder after he made those comments
D) All of these men would be less likely to commit rape as they have various factors in their lives known to reduce the likelihood of sexually assaulting someone.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which ethnic group is found to have the least levels of empathy for women who have been raped and are more likely to show victim-blaming attitudes?

A) Hispanic
B) Black
C) Asian American
D) White

Question 5

What statement describes the majority of rapes on college campuses?

A) The victim knows the attacker and reports the attack to campus authorities.
B) The victim does not know the attacker and reports it to a friend or family member.
C) The victim knows the attacker and does not report the attack.
D) The victim does not know the attacker and does not report the attack.

Question 6

What is a common characteristic of a rapist?

A) Typically married with a family
B) Typically have higher education levels
C) Typically rape to release sexual tension related to his/her insecurities
D) Typically are serial offenders with an average of 6 victims

Question 7

Statistically speaking, which of the following individuals would be at higher risk for rape?

A) Sarah, a 17-year-old female who dropped out of high school
B) Alyssa, a 19-year-old female college freshman
C) Jessica, a 20-year-old female college junior
D) Vicky, a 22-year-old female who does not attend college

Question 8

Statistically speaking, who is more likely to commit a crime of rape?

A) John, age 21, frequently watches online porn, hopes to find a future wife who is into traditional female roles such as taking care of the house, kids, and willing to be a stay-home mother when the kids are young
B) Jacob, age 34, doesn't watch porn, stay-home father, has been experiencing a bout of depression
C) Jim, age 40, grew up in an abusive home, works as a women's studies professor, occasionally watches lesbian porn
D) Jennifer, age 31, sexually abused as a child, enjoys bondage and sadomasochist type of sex, currently in a long term relationship with her partner.

Question 9

What is one outcome of the Campus Sexual Violence Elimination Act?

A) Individuals found guilty of sexual assault receive automatic expulsion from college.
B) Victims of sexual assault receive a monetary compensation to cover counseling fees.
C) Schools are required to educate students, faculty, and staff on the prevention of rape, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking.
D) All of these

Question 10

Under the FBI guidelines established in 2013, which of the following scenarios would be defined as rape?

A) A man does not want to have sex with his wife but she coerces him into performing cunnilingus until she reaches orgasm.
B) A woman is walking home from the library after studying and is attacked in the parking lot and forced to perform fellatio on her attacker.
C) A woman runs into her ex-boyfriend at a party. She's been drinking so he gives her a ride home and before dropping her off forces her to have intercourse with him.
D) All of these would be defined as rape.

Question 11

After hearing a report of a rape on campus, some friends are talking about it and a few comment that they saw the girl out at the bar earlier in the night flirting with a group of guys and she had been drinking a lot. What theory about rape would this scenario promote?

A) Victim precipitation
B) Rapist psychopathology
C) Feminist
D) Behavioral

Question 12

What is considered the most common "rape drug"?

A) Roofies
B) Alcohol
C) Valium
D) Ecstasy

Question 13

What country has the highest rates of child rape?

A) China
B) Brazil
C) South Africa
D) Iraq

Question 14

All of the following are associated with an increased likelihood of committing sexual assault EXCEPT:

A) Being a victim of abuse as a child.
B) High levels of impulsivity.
C) Holding more liberal political views.
D) High levels of rape myth acceptance.

Question 15

Based on several research studies, what is a common gender difference related to attitudes about rape?

A) Men overall are less empathetic toward rape.
B) Men believe more rape myths and have higher levels of victim blaming.
C) Men are more likely to expect sex after paying for an expensive date.
D) All of these

Question 16

How does the controversial Rapex female condom work to discourage rape?

A) Its metal barbs hook into the penis, disabling the man.
B) It produces a distinctive, strong odor which makes the man easily identifiable.
C) It releases an indelible dye making the man easily identifiable.
D) Its outward-facing plastic ribs prevent penile penetration.

Question 17

Upon evaluation, the rapist was determined to be mentally unstable with a history of uncontrollable sexual urges. What theory about rape would this finding promote?

A) Victim precipitation
B) Rapist psychopathology
C) Sociological
D) Biological

Question 18

During the slavery period in the U.S., more Black women were raped by White men than White women by Black men. This information supports what idea about rape?

A) The higher incidence of rapes committed by Black men now is related to getting revenge for past injustices.
B) Tension between racial groups creates frustration, anger, and feelings of hatred that are taken out through sexual violence.
C) Rape is more about power issues rather than sexual issues.
D) Rape is committed by individuals who tend to have higher education levels.

Question 19

Related to information presented in your text, which statement is accurate?

A) The number of victims of rape reported in 2008 was 53% less than the number of victims reported in 1998.
B) Cross-culturally, the age of consent for male-female sex is the same as the age of consent for male-male or female-female sex.
C) In the United States, approximately 1 in 12 women and 1 in 22 men have been raped at some point in their lives.
D) In most cases of rape, the perpetrator is not known to the victim.

Question 20

What impact did the "Student Right to Know and Campus Security Act" have on college campuses?

A) It required campuses to make information about sexual crimes public.
B) It required campuses to have security officers devoted to sexual violence prevention.
C) It required that campuses disclose the details of any ongoing sexual assault case to the victim.
D) It required campuses to report the names of students who had been accused of a sex crime at any time during his/her college career.

Question 21

The majority of sexual violence in female prisons in the U.S. is perpetrated by:

A) Older inmates assaulting new inmates.
B) New inmates as a means to gain status.
C) Lesbian women.
D) Prison staff.

Question 22

What have studies shown related to female athletes and attitudes about rape?

A) They believe they have a lower risk of being raped than do nonathletes, and they are more likely to hold sympathetic attitudes for victims of rape.
B) They believe they have a lower risk of being raped than do nonathletes, and they are more likely to hold victim-blaming attitudes.
C) They believe they have a greater risk of being raped than do nonathletes, and they are more likely to hold victim-blaming attitudes.
D) They believe they have the same risk of being raped as nonathletes, and do not differ in their victim-blaming attitudes.

Question 23

Compared to other women, women with disabilities are:

A) Less likely to be raped.
B) Equally likely to be raped.
C) More likely to be raped.
D) Incapable of understanding rape so we don't have accurate estimates of rates of rape.

Question 24

According to your text and the U.S. Department of Justice, it is estimated that 1 out of every _____ men has been a victim of attempted or completed rape.

A) 6
B) 13
C) 20
D) 33

Question 25

An individual was recently raped and finds that they experience fear of being alone, strangers, and even being in their bedroom. What stage of rape trauma is this person likely experiencing?

A) Primary
B) Acute
C) Secondary
D) Recovery

Question 26

What recognized psychological disorder is most often compared to rape trauma syndrome?

A) Anxiety disorder
B) Agoraphobia disorder
C) Disassociative personality disorder
D) Posttraumatic stress disorder

Question 27

What is true about the rape of men?

A) Male victims of rape are more likely to become suicidal than female victims.
B) Male victims of rape are more likely to be older than female victims of rape.
C) Male rape involves sexual acts other than intercourse as a man is not able to get an erection when he is experiencing fear.
D) Male rape involves higher levels of physical violence and use of weapons than female rape does.

Question 28

According to information in your text, what type of crime is rape considered?

A) Sex crime
B) Violent crime
C) Violent and sexual crime
D) Crime of passion

Question 29

All of the following are reasons why older women are likely to be even more traumatized by rape than younger women EXCEPT:

A) They are likely to have more conservative attitudes about sexuality.
B) They are likely to have undergone physiological changes that increase severity of physical injuries.
C) They tend to have less social support after a rape.
D) They are more likely to be in a long-term relationship and suffer more from interpersonal difficulties after a rape.

Question 30

Women who have been drinking prior to being sexually assaulted are:

A) More likely to report the assault.
B) Less likely to experience fear following the attack.
C) Less likely to receive emotional support from friends.
D) More likely to feel empathy for their attacker.

Question 31

What are current estimations of the percent of married women who are at some point raped by their husbands?

A) About 5%
B) Between 10-14%
C) Close to 25%
D) Well over 30%

Question 32

What is it called when a person who has been raped does not discuss the rape with anyone?

A) The acute phase of recovery
B) The phase of self-blame
C) Silent rape reaction
D) Rape myth syndrome

Question 33

According to studies, a male prisoner's chance of being sexually threatened in prison is:

A) Less than 20%
B) About 40%
C) About 50%
D) Greater than 80%

Question 34

What percent of U.S. states consider marital rape a crime?

A) 40%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%

Question 35

A rape victim recently moved from one apartment to another and got a new job in an attempt to gain some control over her life. What stage of the rape trauma syndrome response is she likely in?

A) Acute
B) Recovery
C) Re-establishing identity
D) Long-term reorganization

Question 36

An adult has just been found guilty of incest. What can we safely assume?

A) The victim was genetically related to the perpetrator.
B) The victim was in the direct care of the perpetrator.
C) The victim was legally related to the perpetrator.
D) None of these have to be true.

Question 37

What best describes college students' attitudes about rapists and rape victims who have been drinking prior to the rape?

A) There is a single standard; both women and men are viewed as being more responsible for what happened when they were drunk.
B) There is a single standard; both women and men are viewed as less responsible for what happened when they were drunk.
C) There is a double standard; men are viewed as more responsible for what happened when they were drunk and women are viewed as less responsible.
D) There is a double standard; men are viewed as less responsible for what happened when they were drunk and women are viewed as more responsible.

Question 38

Which of the following is true related to the effects of rape and talking to others?

A) Younger victims are more likely to tell someone than older victims.
B) Nearly all victims of rape tell someone about it within the first year following the attack.
C) Women typically report that feelings of depression and anxiety subside within 6 months after an assault.
D) Women who were raped by acquaintances experience more anxiety, fear, and depression than women who were raped by strangers.

Question 39

What has been found related to reporting patterns of rape?

A) Men are more likely than women to report rape because they are more likely to seek justice and revenge.
B) Victims of rape are more likely to report the rape if the assailant was a stranger and there was a weapon involved.
C) Women who report the attack to police are found to have more negative outcomes due to having to submit to police procedures of "reliving" the experience.
D) All of these

Question 40

What is a reason why alcohol use is one of the strongest predictors of rape on college campuses?

A) Women who are drunk are more likely to be viewed as sexually "easy."
B) Men who have been drinking are more likely to "sexualize" the environment and social interactions.
C) Alcohol reduces inhibitions, which increases the chances of engaging in risky sexual behaviors.
D) All of these

Question 41

Workers in an automotive service garage have posted a picture of a naked woman in the break room. This could constitute what kind of sexual harassment?

A) Blatant
B) Subversive
C) Quid pro quo
D) Hostile environment

Question 42

Mark tells Neda that if she goes on a date with him she will get a promotion. What kind of sexual harassment would this be?

A) Blatant
B) Subversive
C) Quid pro quo
D) Hostile environment

Question 43

"Roofies" are the most common "rape drug."

Question 44

In South Africa, the term "corrective rape" is used to refer to when a lesbian woman is raped as a means to "cure" her of her sexual orientation.

Question 45

Research finds that people who have psychological or substance abuse problems possess characteristics that predispose them to become rapists.

Question 46

All of the following are true related to intimate partner violence (IPV) EXCEPT:

A) IPV is rare among teen and college couples.
B) IPV typically involves a pattern of abuse rather than a single isolated event.
C) Many people experiencing IPV stay because they believe the abuse is their fault or that it would be unsafe to leave.
D) Gay and bisexual men are reluctant to seek help for IPV due to lack of social support.

Question 47

What does current research suggest related to children's reports of being sexually abused?

A) They are unreliable; about 50% of children's self-reports are false.
B) They are somewhat reliable; about 30% of children's self-reports are false.
C) They are fairly reliable; about 10% of children's self-reports are false.
D) They are unreliable; reports of sexual abuse require evidence in addition to a child's self-report.

Question 48

The number of rape victims in 2008 was 53% less than the number of victims reported in 1998, ten years prior.

Question 49

What is a common outcome of childhood sexual abuse?

A) Compulsive sex play or masturbation by the child
B) Promiscuous or compulsive sexual behavior as an adolescent
C) Higher likelihood of revictimization as an adult
D) All of these

Question 50

Related to intimate partner violence (IPV) within same-sex couples, what do we know?

A) Rates of IPV in lesbian relationships occur at about the same rate as in heterosexual relationships.
B) Rates of IPV are the lowest in lesbian relationships.
C) Men in same-sex relationships are more likely to seek help when experiencing IPV.
D) No differences have been found related to IPV in same-sex relationships compared to IPV in male-female relationships.

Question 51

Most stalking behavior is harmless and will typically end if ignored.

Question 52

Which of the following is true about child sexual abuse?

A) Boys are more likely to be sexually abused by strangers.
B) Sexual abuse of boys is more likely to be reported than abuse of girls.
C) The median age for sexual abuse of boys is 11 to 13 years old and 4 to 6 years old for girls.
D) Victims of sexual abuse are more likely to come from families with religious backgrounds.

Question 53

Compared to non-molesters, what characteristics are child molesters more likely to have?

A) Higher IQ levels
B) Identify as gay or bisexual
C) Higher self-confidence
D) Unhappy family histories

Question 54

"Blame the victim" is a good way to describe victim precipitation theory.

Question 55

Based on what we know about intimate partner violence, when would be a good time to offer educational programs on intimate partner violence?

A) After the birth of a new baby
B) After a natural disaster
C) After a partner's return from military deployment
D) All of these

Question 56

A 2009 study found that over 80% of campus sexual assaults involved alcohol.

Question 57

Studies show that men who take courses on violence against women have less rape myth acceptance than men who do not take such courses.

Question 58

Asian countries place a high value on respect for women, thus are likely to have less tolerance for rape myths and victim-blaming attitudes.

Question 59

Earliest definitions of rape included only forcible penile-vaginal penetration, excluding oral sex or anal penetration and use of objects for penetration.

Question 60

What does cross-cultural research suggest in relation to the "incest taboo"?

A) It exists in all industrialized cultures.
B) It exists in about half of the world's cultures.
C) It is not something that can be measured because of different definitions of incest.
D) It is universal.

Question 61

Discuss factors that would impact the experiencesof lesbian women who are raped.

Question 62

Children who are sexually abused by strangers are likely to experience more distress than children who are abused by trusted relatives or friends.

Question 63

Define sexual harassment and differentiate between the various types of sexual harassment. Give an example for each.

Question 64

Explain the concept of poly-victimization. How does it relate to both intimate partner violence and childhood sexual abuse?

Question 65

Identify what researchers have found about the characteristics of rapists. Be sure to cite specific research findings from your text.

Question 66

Explain 3 factors that describe why there is no single definition of rape.

Question 67

Explain how rape is defined differently around the world and how rape rates vary depending on a culture's definition. Give three examples from different cultures to highlight your response.

Question 68

Compare and contrast the victim precipitation theory and rapist psychopathology theory, using specific examples to describe each. Discuss the implications of each related to developing rape prevention programs.

Question 69

Describe the role of alcohol related to rape on college campuses, including information about the prevalence of rape and attitudes about rape.

Question 70

After a date rape experience, negative judgments and reactions by a rape victim's partner are common.

Question 71

The Campus Sexual Assault Victims' Bill of Rights made reporting of a sexual assault a legal obligation of the victim.

Question 72

Rape trauma syndrome is commonly compared to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Question 73

Studies show that sexual harassment education and training are effective ways to reduce these behaviors.

Question 74

Athletes on teams that produce revenue tend to have higher rates of sexually abusive behavior than athletes on teams that do not produce revenue.

Question 75

Studies show that reports of intimate partner violence are typically an isolated event.

Question 76

Victims who take time to privately work through the emotional outcomes of their attack before telling anyone about the attack tend to have shorter recovery periods.

Question 77

Explain the importance of the three important legislative issues discussed in your text related to rape and sexual assault on college campuses.

Question 78

Research has found that lesbian women report more intense emotional repercussions to rape compared to heterosexual women.

Question 79

Discuss how the statement, "Rape is the only violent crime in which the victim isexpected to fight back,"influences society's views about rape and a victim's ability to cope with a sexual assault.