Deck 14: Physical Development in Adolescence

Question 1

Kai has achieved his full adult appearance and anticipates assumption of adult roles. Kai is in which phase of adolescence?

A) early adolescence
B) middle adolescence
C) late adolescence
D) emerging adulthood

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The hormonal changes that underlie puberty occur gradually and are under way by age

A) 6 or 7.
B) 8 or 9.
C) 10 or 11.
D) 12 or 13.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that

A) the biological upheaval of puberty triggers heightened emotionality, conflict, and defiance of adults.
B) the social environment has a greater impact on adolescent behavior than the biological events associated with puberty.
C) adolescence resembles the period in which humans evolved from savages into civilized beings.
D) during adolescence, instinctual drives shift to the genital region of the body, resulting in conflict and volatile, unpredictable behavior.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following individuals would you expect to spend the greatest amount of time in adolescence?

A) Aapep, who lives in a tribal society
B) Chimalma, who lives in a village society
C) Desta, who lives in a nonindustrialized country
D) Brayden, who lives in an industrialized country

Question 5

_________ vary/varies substantially among cultures.

A) Feelings of uncertainty and self-doubt
B) The length of adolescence
C) The biological changes of adolescence
D) The social expectations that accompany adolescence

Question 6

Contemporary research suggests that the storm-and-stress notion of adolescence is

A) the most accurate perspective.
B) greatly understated.
C) slightly accurate because most teens experience emotional turbulence.
D) greatly exaggerated.

Question 7

__________ viewed the teenage years as a biologically based, universal "developmental disturbance."

A) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
B) Margaret Mead
C) G. Stanley Hall
D) Anna Freud

Question 8

_________ viewed adolescence as a period so turbulent that it resembled the era in which humans evolved from savages into civilized beings.

A) G. Stanley Hall
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
D) Anna Freud

Question 9

Secretions of _____ and ______ increase during puberty, leading to tremendous gains in body size and to attainment of skeletal maturity.

A) melatonin; GH
B) epinephrine; adrenal androgens
C) GH; thyroxine
D) insulin; gastrin

Question 10

The overall rate of psychological disturbance ________ from childhood to adolescence, when it is about _____ percent.

A) rises slightly; 15
B) rises sharply; 35
C) stays about the same; 10
D) decreases slightly; 5

Question 11

Franca, age 11, recently started contradicting and disagreeing with her parents. She is self-conscious and often goes to her room and closes the door. Franca is a head taller and several pounds heavier than most girls in her sixth-grade class. Franca has probably

A) developed an eating disorder.
B) entered adolescence.
C) reached full maturation.
D) developed a social phobia.

Question 12

The beginning of adolescence is marked by

A) reaching full adult height.
B) assumption of adult roles.
C) the onset of puberty.
D) secretion of the growth hormone.

Question 13

G. Stanley Hall described adolescence as

A) the period of calm after the storm of childhood.
B) the stage in which sexual impulses reawaken and trigger volatile behavior.
C) a cascade of instinctual passions.
D) a period of harmony and predictability of behaviors.

Question 14

In Freud's genital stage,

A) social forces determine the young person's reaction to puberty.
B) sexual impulses reawaken, triggering psychological conflict and volatile behavior.
C) sexual impulses remain dormant for a short period of time.
D) the major conflict is called Oedipal conflict.

Question 15

_________ was the first researcher to point out the wide variability in adolescent adjustment.

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Margaret Mead
C) G. Stanley Hall
D) Anna Freud

Question 16

Fourteen-year-old Per has been experiencing pubertal changes, which are now nearly complete. Per is in which phase of adolescence?

A) early adolescence
B) middle adolescence
C) late adolescence
D) emerging adulthood

Question 17

Shannon is in early adolescence. Shannon is between the ages of

A) 10 and 12.
B) 11 and14.
C) 14 and 16.
D) 16 and 18.

Question 18

On the average, girls reach puberty ________ boys.

A) slightly earlier than
B) two years earlier than
C) at the same time as
D) slightly later than

Question 19

Margaret Mead showed that

A) to understand adolescent development, researchers must pay greater attention to social and cultural influences.
B) Samoan adolescents had a similar adolescent experience as young people in Western societies.
C) the period of adolescence is greatly extended in non-Western societies.
D) not all cultures have an intervening phase between childhood and adulthood.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about adolescence is true?

A) The length of adolescence does varies little from culture to culture.
B) In modern industrialized societies, the adolescent transition to adulthood is relatively short.
C) The biological changes of adolescence are universal, found in all primates and all cultures.
D) Many cultures do not have an intervening phase between childhood and the full assumption of adult roles.

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true about muscle-fat makeup in adolescence?

A) Although both sexes gain in muscle, the increase is 150 percent greater in boys.
B) Arm and leg fat decreases in adolescent girls.
C) Altogether, girls gain far more muscle strength than boys.
D) Around age 8, boys start to add more fat than girls on their arms, legs, and trunk.

Question 22

Gregor, a high-school senior, has begun taking creatine to enhance his performance on the basketball court. Which of the following side effects are possible?

A) diabetes
B) brain seizures
C) damage to the reproductive organs
D) a loss in muscle power

Question 23

On average, the growth spurt of puberty is underway for girls shortly after age ___ and for boys around age ____.

A) 8½; 10
B) 9; 11½
C) 10; 12½
D) 10½; 13

Question 24

During puberty,

A) the hands, legs, and feet accelerate first.
B) growth follows the cephalocaudal trend.
C) the torso accelerates first.
D) children grow from the head first, then the torso.

Question 25

Twins, Jake and Molly, age 15, are both athletic. Which of the following is probably true?

A) Jake's gains in gross-motor performance are slow and gradual.
B) Molly is experiencing a dramatic spurt in strength, speed, and endurance.
C) By mid-adolescence, Jake will run faster and throw farther than Molly.
D) By late-adolescence, Molly will jump farther than Jake.

Question 26

Which of the following is true about sex hormones?

A) Boys have only male hormones called androgens.
B) Girls have only female hormones called estrogens.
C) Neither androgens nor estrogens are present in the average boy.
D) Both androgens and estrogens are present in different amounts in boys and girls.

Question 27

Sexual maturation is controlled by

A) androgens and estrogens.
B) estrogens and insulin.
C) adrenal androgens and melatonin.
D) testosterone and cortisol.

Question 28

The average age of menarche in North America is

A) 11.
B) 12½.
C) 13.
D) 14.

Question 29

Which of the following athletes is especially likely to continue her activity into adulthood?

A) Ellen, a softball player
B) Gerda, a volleyball player
C) Justine, a basketball player
D) Alena, a cross-country runner

Question 30

Fifteen-year-old Jesse is growing at his peak. He will probably add more than ___ inches and ____ pounds this year.

A) 2; 16
B) 4; 26
C) 6; 10
D) 8; 20

Question 31

Female puberty usually begins with

A) menarche.
B) the budding of the breasts.
C) significant weight gain.
D) the appearance of pubic hair.

Question 32

________ influence girls' height spurt and stimulate growth of underarm and pubic hair.

A) Adrenal androgens
B) Estrogens
C) Testosterones
D) A combination of GH and estrogen

Question 33

Primary sexual characteristics

A) are visible on the outside of the body.
B) involve the reproductive organs directly.
C) are unrelated to sexual functioning.
D) do not develop in a standard sequence.

Question 34

Which of the following is true about body proportions during puberty?

A) Boys' hips broaden relative to the waist.
B) Girls' shoulders broaden relative to the hips.
C) Girls' hips broaden relative to the shoulders.
D) Girls' legs become longer in relation to the rest of the body.

Question 35

Which of the following did researchers find about rates of physical activity from ages 9 to 15?

A) Fewer than one-third of sampled youths met the U.S. government recommendation of at least 60 minutes of moderate to strenuous physical activity per day.
B) From ages 9 to 15, physical activity increased by about 40 minutes per day for sampled youths.
C) In U.S. high schools, about 75 percent of girls and 80 percent of boys are enrolled in physical education courses.
D) Only one-half of all U.S. high school students participate in a daily physical education class.

Question 36

The boy's testes release large quantities of __________, which leads to muscle growth, body and facial hair, and other male sex characteristics.

A) adrenal androgens
B) estrogens
C) the androgen testosterone
D) cortisol and thyroxine

Question 37

The first outward sign of puberty is

A) menarche.
B) spermarche.
C) the growth spurt.
D) the cephalocaudal trend.

Question 38

Altogether, adolescents add _____ inches in height and _____ pounds in weight.

A) 6 to 7; 25 to 35
B) 8 to 9; 35 to 50
C) 10 to 11; 50 to 75
D) 12 to 14; 60 to 80

Question 39

Which of the following is an example of a secondary sexual characteristic?

A) changes in the uterus
B) changes in the scrotum
C) breast development
D) changes in the testes

Question 40

Menarche takes place

A) after the peak of the height spurt.
B) approximately one year before the height spurt.
C) before pubic hair appears.
D) after breast growth is completed.

Question 41

Sleep rebound on weekends

A) helps teenagers perform better in school during the weekdays.
B) is vitally important to teenage sleep patterns.
C) can lead to difficulty falling asleep on subsequent evenings.
D) decreases the sleep phase delay.

Question 42

Tamineh has a history of family conflict and has experienced harsh parenting. Tamineh will probably reach puberty

A) earlier than other girls.
B) at the same time as the average girl.
C) slightly later than other girls.
D) much later than other girls.

Question 43

Which of the following is true about brain development in adolescence?

A) Adolescents tend to recruit the prefrontal cortex's network of connections with other brain areas more effectively than adults do.
B) Adolescents tend to perform better than adults on tasks requiring inhibition and future orientation.
C) In humans and other mammals, neurons become less responsive to excitatory neurotransmitters during puberty.
D) Adolescents react more strongly to stressful events than adults do and experience pleasurable stimuli more intensely.

Question 44

___________ increase(s) during middle childhood and adolescence.

A) Gray matter
B) Sleep time
C) White matter
D) Neurons in the prefrontal cortex

Question 45

Boys typically respond to spermarche with

A) fear.
B) mixed feelings.
C) depression.
D) joy.

Question 46

Which girl is likely to reach menarche first?

A) A'akia, who lives in a poverty-stricken village in Ethiopia
B) Anya, who comes from a low-income family in Sweden
C) Alexis, who is a middle-income Caucasian American
D) Angelique, who is a middle-income African American

Question 47

Julianna is obese. She is likely to experience puberty

A) earlier than other girls.
B) at the same time as other girls.
C) slightly later than other girls.
D) much later than other girls.

Question 48

Enhanced ________ sensitivity helps explain why young adolescents are so self-conscious and sensitive to others' opinions.

A) gray matter
B) oxytocin
C) insulin
D) estrogen

Question 49

Spermarche occurs

A) before the height spurt begins.
B) after the peak strength spurt.
C) between ages 10 and 11.
D) before facial hair begins to grow.

Question 50

Boys ________ about ejaculation before spermarche.

A) usually know
B) usually talk with their peers
C) usually find out from their fathers
D) rarely know

Question 51

The combination of a sleep "phase delay" and evening activities, phones, and computers has resulted in

A) today's teenagers getting much less sleep than those of previous generations.
B) teenagers who are better able to cope with sleep loss than previous generations.
C) teenagers who are less likely to rely on sleep rebound on weekends.
D) teenagers who get a better night's rest than those in previous generations.

Question 52

In boys, the voice change

A) begins after facial and body hair emerge.
B) occurs before enlargement of the penis and testes.
C) takes place at the beginning of the growth spurt.
D) often is not complete until puberty is over.

Question 53

When children's safety and security are at risk, it is adaptive for them to

A) reproduce early.
B) reproduce later.
C) fail to reproduce.
D) fail to reach menarche or spermarche.

Question 54

The first ejaculation occurs around age

A) 12.
B) 13½.
C) 14.
D) 15½.

Question 55

The first sign of puberty in boys is

A) the appearance of pubic hair.
B) the height spurt.
C) the enlargement of the testes.
D) deepening of the voice.

Question 56

Trevor just experienced spermarche. Which of the following is likely to be true?

A) Trevor did not know about ejaculation ahead of time.
B) Trevor obtained information about ejaculation from reading material or websites.
C) Trevor's first ejaculation was later than he expected.
D) Trevor will eventually tell a friend that he experienced spermarche.

Question 57

Which of the following is true about body fat and puberty?

A) Breast and pubic hair growth occur later for heavier girls.
B) Few studies report a link between body fat and puberty in boys.
C) Few studies report a link between body fat and puberty in girls.
D) Obese girls tend to experience later puberty.

Question 58

Girls typically react to menarche with

A) surprise.
B) joy.
C) fear.
D) depression.

Question 59

Gemma eats very little. She is likely to experience puberty

A) much earlier than other girls.
B) slightly earlier than other girls.
C) around the same time as the average girl.
D) later than other girls.

Question 60

Grace's grandma recalls menarche as a traumatic experience. She would like things to be different for Grace. What advice can you give her?

A) She should let Grace be surprised by menarche and then answer any questions she has about puberty.
B) She should explain to Grace that menarche is an unpleasant but necessary experience.
C) She should prepare Grace in advance and treat it as an important milestone.
D) She should provide Grace with biological information but deliver the information as clinically as possible.

Question 61

Which of the following statements is true about adolescent mood variation?

A) High points tend to occur around noon each day.
B) Low points tend to occur during times spent with friends.
C) High points tend to occur during self-chosen leisure activities.
D) Low points tend to occur on Friday nights.

Question 62

Chinara is an early-maturing girl. She is most likely to be perceived as _______ by her peers.

A) popular
B) withdrawn
C) independent
D) relaxed

Question 63

Carter is a late-maturing adolescent boy. He is likely to report more ___________ than his on-time counterparts.

A) psychological stress
B) sexual activity
C) aggression
D) anxiety

Question 64

In a study comparing mood swings, those between the ages of ______ most often shifted from cheerful to sad and back again.

A) 9 and 11
B) 12 and 16
C) 17 and 19
D) 20 and 25

Question 65

Haeata lives in a tribal society and just experienced menarche. Which of the following is probably true?

A) Haeata will feel ashamed and will not tell anyone about the onset of puberty.
B) Haeata will still be regarded as a child by her parents and family.
C) The tribe will celebrate the onset of puberty with an initiation ceremony.
D) The tribe will acknowledge the onset of puberty, but it will not mark a change in Haeata's social status.

Question 66

Higher pubertal hormone levels are _______ moodiness.

A) strongly linked to greater
B) strongly linked to lesser
C) modestly linked to greater
D) the primary cause of

Question 67

Mr. and Mrs. Falk want to improve their teenagers' diets. One simple and proven way they can do this is to

A) forbid them from eating fast foods.
B) give them limited spending money.
C) find a way to eat together as a family most nights of the week.
D) remove all sweets from the home.

Question 68

Ethan is an early-maturing boy. He is probably perceived by both adults and peers as

A) unpopular.
B) self-confident.
C) withdrawn.
D) prone to depression.

Question 69

The most common nutritional problem of adolescence is ______ deficiency.

A) riboflavin
B) magnesium
C) iron
D) calcium

Question 70

Which of the following is true about the parent-child relationship in adolescence?

A) Contrary to popular media portrayals, there is a decline in the intensity of parent-child conflict.
B) Psychological distancing, common in village and tribal societies, is less common in Western cultures.
C) The larger the gap between parents' and adolescents' views of teenagers' readiness for new responsibilities, the more they quarrel.
D) Parent-son conflict tends to be more intense than conflict with daughters.

Question 71

_______ maturers in ________-income neighborhoods are especially vulnerable to establishing ties with deviant peers.

A) Late; high
B) Late; low
C) Early; middle
D) Early; low

Question 72

________ -maturing Caucasian girls tend to report a ______ positive body image than other girls.

A) Early; more
B) Late; less
C) Early; less
D) On-time; less

Question 73

Research shows that _________________ tend to have lasting adjustment problems in later life.

A) early-maturing boys
B) late-maturing boys
C) late-maturing girls
D) early-maturing girls

Question 74

The majority of parent-adolescent disagreements focus on

A) everyday matters such as driving and curfews.
B) the adolescent's future plans.
C) philosophical and religious issues.
D) school achievement.

Question 75

Janelle, a teenager, is chronically tired, but she appears to be growing normally. She should have a medical checkup because she might be suffering from

A) anemia.
B) obesity.
C) diabetes.
D) anorexia nervosa.

Question 76

________ is a modern substitute for the physical departure of the adolescent from the home.

A) An initiation ceremony
B) A rite of passage
C) Psychological distancing
D) A cultural script

Question 77

Of all age groups, adolescents are most likely to

A) be obese.
B) skip breakfast.
C) make healthy food choices.
D) need less protein.

Question 78

Adolescents feel _____ comfortable with peers who ______________________.

A) more; mature sooner than they do
B) most; match their own level of biological maturity
C) more; mature later than they do
D) least; match their own level of biological maturity

Question 79

Maggi is a later-maturing girl. She is most likely to be regarded as

A) a leader at school.
B) unpopular.
C) lacking in self-confidence.
D) withdrawn.

Question 80

Western adolescents

A) celebrate the onset of puberty with a ritualized announcement.
B) are granted partial adult status at many different ages.
C) are formally initiated into adulthood through ceremonies like the quinceanera.
D) usually have an earlier transition to adulthood than those in tribal or village societies.