Deck 14: Socioemotional Development in Early Adulthood

Question 1

Rachel, a 22-year-old woman, just moved to a new town. She is from a middle-class family and doesn't have any siblings. She is introduced to several people at a neighborhood party. Which of the following individuals will most likely become a friend of Rachel?

A) Mike, a 30-year-old man who lives next door to Rachel.
B) Monica, a 22-year-old woman who is at the party but doesn't live in the neighborhood and is from a lower socioeconomic background.
C) Jon, a 22-year-old man who is middle-class and works at the same place as Rachel.
D) Michelle, a 22-year-old woman who is middle-class, new to the town too, and lives in the apartment above Michelle.

Answer 1

Michelle, a 22-year-old woman who is middle-class, new to the town too, and lives in the apartment above Michelle.

Question 2

Which of the following emerging adults think that learning to have good control of your emotions is necessary for adulthood?

A) Israeli emerging adults
B) Chinese emerging adults
C) Young people in Argentina
D) North American emerging adults

Answer 2

Chinese emerging adults

Question 3

Which culture views a required attribute of adulthood as norm compliance?

A) Israeli young adults
B) North American young adults
C) Romanian young adults
D) Chinese young adults

Answer 3

Romanian young adults

Question 4

Which of the following individuals is least likely to experience emerging adulthood?

A) Karen, a high school graduate who is living at home for a year before attending college.
B) Carter, a student in medical school who depends on his parents for financial support.
C) Michael, a high school dropout who began working at a factory at age 17.
D) Anna, a law school student who is interning at a prestigious law firm.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a characteristic of individuals in emerging adulthood?

A) College attendance
B) Involvement in long-term relationships
C) Diversity in lifestyles
D) Becoming a parent

Question 6

Based on the percentage of individuals aged 18 to 27 displaying markers of adulthood, at which age are individuals least likely to be living with family?

A) 21 years of age.
B) 18 years of age.
C) 24 years of age.
D) 27 years of age.

Question 7

What percentage of U.S. adults report having met their spouse or long-term partner online?

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) Less than 1%
D) 15%

Question 8

Which of the following is not a characteristic that women assign greater importance to in a potential mate?

A) Age
B) Intelligence
C) Earning potential
D) Physical attractiveness

Question 9

Why do some researchers believe that emerging adulthood is not a life stage?

A) Because it does not exist everywhere and for everyone-only those in medium to high socioeconomic status groups.
B) Because emerging adulthood does not start at the same point for everyone.
C) Because it is only a phenomenon that occurs for individuals who go to college.
D) Because only individuals who are financially independent experience emerging adulthood.

Question 10

Arianna is very comfortable around babies. She loves to care for children. In her culture, she is seen as an adult. What country is she most likely from?

A) The United States
B) Romania
C) Israel
D) Argentina

Question 11

Karlie was planning out her future. She told her mother that she is going to graduate high school at age 18, go to college and graduate at age 22, and go to medical school and become a doctor at the age of 27 or 28. She is going to get married right after she completes her residency and have her first baby at age 30. Karlie is describing:

A) non-normative life events.
B) the stage of identity versus role confusion.
C) the stage of intimacy versus isolation.
D) the social clock.

Question 12

David is interested in looking for an opposite-sex mate. His friends have found several women he might like. Based on the data on mate selection, who is David most likely to choose?

A) Lily, an older woman who is looking for a relationship but does not want children.
B) Desiree, a lawyer who is dedicated to her career but interested in David.
C) Amanda, a physically attractive woman who loves to cook.
D) Tanya, an intelligent woman who is majoring in biochemistry in college.

Question 13

The delay of career commitment and financial independence in emerging adulthood is accompanied by:

A) delayed marriages and later family formation.
B) moving back home with parents.
C) greater freedom and exploration.
D) delayed intimacy development.

Question 14

Which of the following characteristics is not a common similarity shared by romantic partners?

A) Hobbies
B) Educational aspirations
C) Attractiveness
D) Personality style

Question 15

What is the relationship between identity and intimacy?

A) People must reshape their identity to include their role as partner in a relationship.
B) If a person does not develop an identity in adolescence, they will do so when in intimate relationships in adulthood.
C) Identity is the outcome of successful relationships.
D) It is not necessary to form a sense of identity in order to become truly intimate with others.

Question 16

Which of the following does not increase in emerging adulthood?

A) Self-esteem
B) Depressive symptoms
C) Well-being
D) Emotion regulation

Question 17

Why is it beneficial for males to form other-sex friendships?

A) Males are able to learn about emotional expression and intimacy.
B) Males need female friends to introduce them to other females.
C) Males are more likely to be themselves with female friends as opposed to male friends.
D) Males who have female friends tend to have higher self-esteem than those who only have male friends.

Question 18

Based on the percentage of individuals aged 18 to 27 displaying markers of adulthood, at which age are individuals most likely to be employed full-time?

A) 21 years of age.
B) 18 years of age.
C) 24 years of age.
D) 27 years of age.

Question 19

What predicts readiness for intimate and committed romantic relationships?

A) Generativity development
B) Identity achievement
C) Close same-sex friendships
D) Family cohesion

Question 20

The crisis of early adulthood is the major psychosocial task of:

A) generativity versus stagnation.
B) intimacy versus isolation.
C) identity versus role confusion.
D) autonomy versus shame and doubt.

Question 21

Currently, divorce rates in Western industrialized countries have:

A) increased dramatically.
B) stabilized and even declined.
C) increased by a small amount.
D) declined dramatically.

Question 22

What percentage of men experience intimate partner violence defined as rape, physical violence, or stalking at some point in their lifetime?

A) Less than 1%
B) 5%
C) 17%
D) 29%

Question 23

Ashley is in an abusive relationship. Her partner is very possessive and controlling. Any time she has attempted to tell him that she doesn't like how she is being treated, she is physically beaten. What do we know about the probability of Ashley leaving her current relationship?

A) If Ashley leaves, she will most likely return multiple times.
B) Ashley is very likely to walk away from the relationship and not look back.
C) If Ashley leaves, she will probably end up in another abusive relationship.
D) Ashley is likely to stay in the relationship but will become abusive as well.

Question 24

Overall, success in marital relationships is a function of:

A) having children.
B) financial stability.
C) how the couple divides up household duties.
D) how the couple communicates and deals with conflict.

Question 25

Which of the following characteristics is not representative of the type of man a woman chooses to date?

A) Men who are better educated
B) Men who are younger than they are
C) Men who are successful in their professional career
D) Men who are older than they are

Question 26

Some same-sex couples experience mental health benefits and some do not. What is the contributing factor for couples who have mental health benefits?

A) The ability to adopt children.
B) The ability to fall into traditional roles within the relationship.
C) The ability to enter into a same-sex legal relationship (marriage).
D) The ability to be financially secure.

Question 27

Which of the following is not a contextual factor that contributes to domestic violence?

A) Poverty
B) Unemployment
C) Physical illness
D) Drug and alcohol abuse

Question 28

Which statement accurately illustrates the feelings of new parents?

A) Many new parents report not feeling prepared for the roller coaster of emotions ranging from joy to frustration and reduced feelings of well-being that accompany parenthood.
B) Many new parents report extreme joy and very little negative feelings about parenthood when they have a strong support system.
C) Most new parents feel frustrated at being unprepared for the overwhelming task of parenthood and therefore do not report many joys in the first few months of their child's life.
D) Regardless of the amount of social support the new parents have, they report joy at the birth of their child and very little frustration.

Question 29

Which country has the highest divorce rate?

A) Russian Federation
B) Germany
C) United States
D) Denmark

Question 30

Who is most likely to plan to have an egalitarian marriage?

A) David, a 23-year-old factory worker with a child.
B) Andrea, an 18-year-old high school dropout.
C) Alex, a male college student with a major in computer science.
D) Ginny, the only female partner in her law firm.

Question 31

Why are rates of cohabitation rising?

A) Because of the trend for advanced education and delayed career entry.
B) Because in the current economic times, it is more advantageous to remain unmarried.
C) Because people are less likely to be committed to a religion that promotes marriage.
D) Because young adults do not want to commit, and cohabitation allows them to leave easier.

Question 32

What quality is necessary in a marriage for marital harmony and increased marital satisfaction, especially in Western countries?

A) A shared value system with a traditional focus of the man providing for the woman.
B) Egalitarian relationships in which home and family duties are shared.
C) The presence of children in the home.
D) The couple has cohabitated before marriage so they know each other's habits, likes, and dislikes.

Question 33

Which is not a reason young adults give for choosing to cohabitate?

A) Romantic compatibility
B) Improving finances
C) Greater freedom
D) Convenience

Question 34

Mary tries to talk to her husband and wants to spend time with him. Although Mary has tried to maintain contact with her spouse and engage in discussions, her husband becomes very controlling and has begun to treat her violently. What country is Mary from?

A) India
B) Cambodia
C) United States
D) Mexico

Question 35

Which ethnicity has friendships that become more ethnically diverse in college?

A) Black students
B) Latino students
C) White students
D) Asian students

Question 36

Maggie's parents divorced when she was 11 years old. Their relationship was highly conflictual. As an adult, Maggie has been dating someone and the relationship is at a turning point. Based on Maggie's history, what will she decide about her relationship?

A) Maggie will insist that he show his commitment and marry her as an attempt to resolve her fear of marriage.
B) Maggie will remain in the relationship, but they will live apart and not marry.
C) Maggie and her partner will be more likely to cohabitate.
D) Maggie will become nervous about the relationship and break up with her partner.

Question 37

Which of the following is not a characteristic of couples who cohabitate in the United States as compared to married couples?

A) The couples tend to be less satisfied.
B) The couples show higher rates of intimate violence.
C) The couples have less stable relationships.
D) The couples show lower rates of dissolution.

Question 38

Out of all the people listed, who is least likely to marry?

A) Andy and Jessica, a Caucasian couple who live in a low socioeconomic area of Dallas, TX.
B) Darian and Beth, an African American couple who are both attorneys in San Francisco and live in an upscale, gated community.
C) Andre and Trish, an Asian American couple who are cohabitating.
D) David and Olivia, a Caucasian couple who are both from upper middle-class families and currently in college.

Question 39

Intimate violence includes all of the following except:

A) Physical violence
B) Neglect
C) Sexual abuse
D) Psychological harm

Question 40

Which of the following is an outcome of intimate partner violence for children who are raised in homes of pervasive violence?

A) The children are more likely to become advocates against abuse as adults.
B) The children are more likely to become violent adolescents.
C) The children are more likely to be victims of physical abuse themselves.
D) The children are more likely to experience severe mental illness in early adulthood.

Question 41

What is the average number of children born to a woman in the United States today?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 42

During the transition to parenthood, almost all couples will:

A) Reverse traditional roles as the mother needs more help with the household after the baby is born.
B) Shift toward traditional marital roles and division of labor.
C) Engage in more conflict than prior to having a baby.
D) Experience an increase in marital happiness.

Question 43

What is the potential negative outcome for a stepmother who perceives a lack of control over parenting practices during visitations?

A) Fighting with the biological mother
B) Depression experienced by the stepmother
C) Overcompensating behavior to try and win the stepchildren's affection
D) Anger experienced by the stepfather

Question 44

Which of the following is not a characteristic of minority women who reach career success?

A) High self-efficacy
B) Feelings of entitlement
C) Feelings of personal control
D) Confront problems rather than avoid them

Question 45

When do women tend to change their career plans when working in male-dominated fields?

A) Between ages 18 and 25.
B) Between ages 25 and 30.
C) Between ages 30 and 35.
D) Between ages 35 and 40.

Question 46

Which of the following is not a developmental gain for parents?

A) Increase in conflict resolution
B) Increase in empathy
C) Increase in tolerance
D) Increase in responsible actions

Question 47

In a same-sex couple, who is least likely to assume the parenting responsibility?

A) The member of the couple that assumes a traditional stay-at-home role in the relationship.
B) The nonbiological parent when the child is from a previous heterosexual relationship.
C) The biological parent when the child is from a previous heterosexual relationship.
D) The member of the couple that assumes the most responsibility for the financial aspects of the relationship.

Question 48

What percentage of CEO positions are held by African Americans and Hispanics?

A) Less than 1%
B) 3%
C) 7%
D) 11%

Question 49

Women and ethnic minorities tend to fill which type of position in the workplace?

A) Lower level positions
B) Middle-management positions
C) High-level positions
D) There are no consistent type of positions that women and ethnic minorities fill in the workplace.

Question 50

Marilyn is an African American woman who is working for a large accounting firm. She is in line to become the next president of the firm. In order to prepare for the potential promotion, what is Marilyn most likely going to search for in terms of career support?

A) Independent reading and preparation for the position
B) A male mentor in a different accounting firm
C) A shadowing experience with the current president
D) An African American woman mentor

Question 51

Which of the following statements is true regarding never-married single parents?

A) The typical never-married parent is likely to be a woman of middle-class status.
B) More single professional women in their 30s have become single parents by choice.
C) White women are disproportionately likely to be never-married parents.
D) Hispanic women are more likely to postpone marriage after childbirth.

Question 52

Who is most likely to delay or decide against childbearing?

A) Jessica, the lead surgeon at a prestigious hospital.
B) Susan, a fifth-grade teacher.
C) Monica, a woman who got married at age 21.
D) Taylor, a 19-year-old traditional college student.

Question 53

What quality is important for a working woman to avoid role overload?

A) She cannot have more than three children.
B) She must have a working spouse and not be in a single female-headed household.
C) She must be able to seek physical and emotional support from others.
D) She can only work part-time or only part of the year.

Question 54

What employee benefit does not show lower rates of employee absenteeism and higher productivity?

A) The ability to work from home
B) Workplaces with onsite child care
C) The ability to work in teams
D) Flexible work hours

Question 55

What percentage of lesbian women are parents?

A) 5%
B) 11%
C) 21%
D) 33%

Question 56

Who has an easier time handling the role of stepparent?

A) Janice, a stepmother with no biological children.
B) David, a stepfather with no biological children.
C) Margaret, a stepmother who has three children of her own.
D) All stepparents have an equal degree of difficulty in handling the role of stepparent.

Question 57

Which of the following is not a positive outcome seen when adults are better able to balance work and family?

A) More productive workers
B) Greater desire to advance in the workplace
C) More satisfied spouses and better parents
D) Greater well-being at home and work

Question 58

What percentage of infants in the United States are born to never-married mothers each year?

A) 40%
B) 10%
C) 15%
D) 60%

Question 59

Dominic is an African American male who is applying for a job at a bank. He is competing against an Asian man, a white woman, and a white man. Based on the data regarding the perception of resume quality, who will most likely get the job?

A) Dominic
B) The Asian man
C) The white woman
D) The white man

Question 60

What do women of color report as a strong desire when they are in the workplace?

A) They report a desire to make an equal amount of pay to the white coworkers in their workplace with the same job.
B) They report a strong desire to be mentored by women of their own ethnicity.
C) They report wanting coworkers to take them seriously in the workplace.
D) They report a need to have a more flexible schedule.

Question 61

The developmental task of establishing the capacity for intimate relationships is best fulfilled by establishing a nonromantic, close friendship with a same-sex or opposite-sex individual.

Question 62

Highly educated professional women are more likely to marry than women without professional careers.

Question 63

Gay and lesbian couples report greater rates of love and satisfaction as compared to heterosexual couples.

Question 64

Young people who are in psychosocial moratorium are less likely to form intimate relationships.

Question 65

What percentage of women in the United States work and have a child under 6 years of age?

A) Over 66%
B) 50%
C) 33%
D) 25%

Question 66

The belief that opposites make for satisfying relationships is supported in the research.

Question 67

Which of the following women will show the greatest work-family satisfaction?

A) Sheri, who works over 50 hours a week and loves her job because she can schedule her time during the week as she sees fit.
B) Karen, who works 45 hours a week traveling and does not know what her schedule will be week-to-week.
C) Susan, who sees clients 55 hours a week (day and evening hours) and has a secretary scheduling her calendar for her.
D) Monique, who works 35 hours a week but does not know what hours each week she will be working.

Question 68

Emerging adults generally report feeling that they are ready and looking for a committed, enduring relationship.

Question 69

Which of the following is a trade-off that women make to avoid experiencing role overload?

A) Working more hours at work.
B) Trading household chores and expectations for a clean home in order to spend more time with children.
C) Losing sleep (doing chores when the children are in bed) so awake time can be spent with children.
D) Quitting their job.

Question 70

As cohabitation becomes more common, its association with marital instability has weakened.

Question 71

Cohabitation is more common in the United States than it is in Europe.

Question 72

Among men, friendships with women tend to decline after marriage, but women, especially highly educated women, tend to have more friendships with men throughout adulthood, especially in the workplace.

Question 73

While changing expectations and increasing social acceptance influence divorce rates, the rising median age of marriage and increase in cohabitation have stabilized divorce rates over the last 25 years.

Question 74

Who is most likely to suffer from role overload?

A) Mark, a male who works in a factory and has two children.
B) Denise, a woman who works in an on-call capacity and is married with three children.
C) Roger, a man who has custody of his son and works from home.
D) Anne, a woman who is married without children and is a flight attendant with a set weekly schedule.

Question 75

Common disadvantages of parenthood include the loss of freedom and high cost of raising a child.

Question 76

Young adults who do not experience age-related events at the same time as their peers experience lower self-esteem.

Question 77

Men and women report experiencing similar rates of physical assault during arguments.

Question 78

Successful marriages are based on realistic expectations.

Question 79

Over the first year of marriage, most couples report a drop in satisfaction.

Question 80

Currently, Western culture's expectations for the timing of developmental milestones of adulthood have not varied dramatically from past generations.