Deck 4: Cell Injury, Aging, and Death

Question 1

Viruses differ from most bacteria in that they

A) enter the host cell.
B) directly produce free radicals.
C) use the host's metabolic processes to survive and replicate.
D) do not induce an immune response.
E) do not produce toxins.

Answer 1

enter the host cell.
use the host's metabolic processes to survive and replicate.
do not produce toxins.

Question 2

Apoptosis is a process that results in cellular

A) atrophy.
B) death.
C) proliferation.
D) mutation.

Answer 2

death.

Question 3

All these cellular responses are potentially reversible except

A) necrosis.
B) metaplasia.
C) atrophy.
D) hyperplasia.

Answer 3

necrosis.

Question 4

Extreme cold injures cells by all the following except

A) ischemic injury from vasoconstriction.
B) peripheral nerve damage from rebound vasodilation.
C) decreased blood viscosity.
D) crystallization of cellular components.

Question 5

Bacteria cause injury to cells by

A) producing exotoxins.
B) producing endotoxins.
C) producing destructive enzymes.
D) reproducing inside of host cells altering cellular function.
E) evoking an immune reaction.

Question 6

The cellular component that is most susceptible to radiation injury is the

A) membrane.
B) DNA.
C) RNA.
D) ribosomes.

Question 7

An increase in organ size and function due to increased workload is termed

A) atrophy.
B) hypertrophy.
C) metaplasia
D) inflammation.

Question 8

The cellular change that is considered preneoplastic is

A) anaplasia.
B) dysplasia.
C) metaplasia.
D) hyperplasia.

Question 9

Metaplasia is

A) the replacement of one differentiated cell type with another.
B) the transformation of a cell type to malignancy.
C) an irreversible cellular adaptation.
D) the disorganization of cells into various sizes, shapes, and arrangements.

Question 10

The primary effect of aging on all body systems is

A) decreased functional reserve.
B) diseased function.
C) programmed senescence.
D) senility.

Question 11

Infectious injury often results from

A) exotoxins.
B) endotoxins.
C) self-destruction of cells.
D) anti-inflammatory reactions.
E) enzymes from white blood cells.

Question 12

The cellular response indicative of injury due to faulty metabolism is

A) hydropic swelling.
B) lactate production.
C) metaplasia.
D) intracellular accumulations.

Question 13

Coagulative necrosis is caused by

A) dissolving of dead cells and cyst formation.
B) trauma or pancreatitis.
C) lung tissue damage.
D) interrupted blood supply.

Question 14

Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces _____ necrosis.

A) coagulative
B) caseous
C) liquefactive
D) fat

Question 15

Of the statements below, the accurate statement regarding nutrition and cellular health is

A) the body can generally produce elements essential for nutritional balance.
B) obese individuals are generally nutritionally healthy.
C) deficient cellular uptake by one cell type may contribute to excess nutrient delivery to other cell types.
D) a normal BMI indicates nutritional health.

Question 16

Reperfusion injury to cells

A) results in very little cellular damage.
B) results from calcium deficiency in cells.
C) occurs following nutritional injury.
D) involves formation of free radicals.

Question 17

Somatic death refers to death

A) of a body organ.
B) of the entire organism.
C) of nerve cells.
D) secondary to brain damage.

Question 18

Carbon monoxide injures cells by

A) destruction of cellular membranes.
B) reducing oxygen level on hemoglobin.
C) promotion of free radicals.
D) crystallization of cellular organelles.