Deck 7: Neoplasia

Question 1

Paraneoplastic syndromes in cancer involve excessive production of substances by multiple means.A common substance found in excessive amounts due to cancer paraneoplastic syndromes is

A) insulin.
B) tumor necrosis factor.
C) potassium.
D) calcium.

Answer 1

calcium.

Question 2

Tumor markers

A) are found only in the blood.
B) are produced by normal cells.
C) help determine cancer origin.
D) help identify progression of cancer.
E) include prostatic-specific antigen.

Answer 2

are produced by normal cells.
help determine cancer origin.
help identify progression of cancer.
include prostatic-specific antigen.

Question 3

In general, a cancer cell that is more tissue-specific differentiated is ____ (more/less)likely to be aggressive.

Answer 3

less
The degree of tissue-specific differentiation predicts malignant potential.A lack of differentiated features in a cancer cell is called anaplasia, and a greater degree of anaplasia is correlated with a more aggressively malignant tumor.

Question 4

A patient with metastatic lung cancer wants to know her chances for survival.Which response is correct?

A) "Lung cancer is always fatal."
B) "Lung cancer has about a 15% survival rate."
C) "Lung cancer is highly curable when diagnosed early."
D) "Lung cancer death rate has decreased significantly, as with all other cancers."

Question 5

Retroviruses are associated with human cancers, including

A) Burkitt lymphoma.
B) Hodgkin's lymphoma.
C) pancreatic cancer.
D) hepatic cancer.

Question 6

Familial retinoblastoma involves the transmission of what from parent to offspring?

A) Mutant tumor suppressor gene
B) Cancer-causing virus
C) Oncogene
D) Extra chromosome

Question 7

After bronchoscopy and histologic examination of a suspected tumor, your patient is diagnosed with primary bronchial carcinoma.Thus, the tumor

A) is benign.
B) is malignant.
C) is secondary to cancer elsewhere in the body.
D) has spread.

Question 8

Your patient eats "lots of fat," leads a "stressful" life, and has smoked "about two packs a day for the last 40 years." Her chronic morning cough recently worsened, and she was diagnosed with a lung mass.The most likely contributing factor for development of lung cancer in this patient is

A) high-fat diet.
B) urban pollutants.
C) stressful lifestyle.
D) cigarette smoking.

Question 9

Breast cancer in women who have the breast cancer gene

A) occurs at an earlier age.
B) is more likely to be unilateral.
C) is more common than non-inherited breast cancer.
D) is more responsive to treatment.

Question 10

After surgery to remove a lung tumor, your patient is scheduled for chemotherapy, which will

A) selectively kill tumor cells.
B) stimulate immune cells to fight the cancer.
C) have minimal side effects.
D) kill rapidly dividing cells.

Question 11

Deficits in immune system function occur in cancer due to

A) chemotherapy.
B) cancer cells.
C) cancer metastasis to bone marrow.
D) immunotherapy.
E) malnutrition.

Question 12

The hypermetabolic state leading to cachexia in terminal cancer is thought to be due to

A) tumor necrosis factor.
B) angiogenesis.
C) loss of ATP production.
D) pain medications.

Question 13

Your patient is scheduled for a staging procedure.She wants to know what that means.The correct response is which of the following?

A) It is a procedure for determining the extent of tumor spread.
B) It is a histologic examination of tissues to determine the degree of tumor differentiation.
C) Is based on exploratory surgery.
D) It is biochemical testing of tumor cells to determine the genetic basis of the tumor.

Question 14

Proto-oncogenes

A) are the same as oncogenes.
B) are normal cellular genes that promote growth.
C) lead to abnormal tumor suppressor genes
D) result from severe mutational events.

Question 15

Malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin are known as

A) lymphoma.
B) sarcomas.
C) carcinomas.
D) adenomas.

Question 16

Cancer grading is based on

A) tumor size.
B) local invasion.
C) cell differentiation.
D) metastasis.

Question 17

Characteristics of telomerase include

A) repairs the end caps of chromosomes.
B) contributes to cancer cell immortality.
C) is deficient in cancer cells.
D) activity allows a cell to replicate indefinitely.

Question 18

The most common tumor suppressor gene defect identified in cancer cells is

A) Rb.
B) P53.
C) DCC.
D) APC.

Question 19

Side effects of chemotherapy include

A) anemia.
B) nausea.
C) leukocytosis.
D) bleeding.
E) infections.