Deck 12: HIV Disease and AIDS

Question 1

In which type of cells is the CD4 found?

A) T cells
B) Microglial cells
C) Retinal cells
D) Cervical cells
E) Pacemaker cells

Answer 1

T cells
Microglial cells
Retinal cells
Cervical cells

Question 2

An HIV-positive patient is hospitalized for evaluation of symptoms of progressive weakness, dyspnea, weight loss, and low-grade fever.A biopsy of lung tissue reveals Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.This diagnosis means that the patient

A) has AIDS.
B) has less than 2 years to live.
C) cannot be treated.
D) was an intravenous drug abuser.

Answer 2

has AIDS.

Question 3

The HIV nurse educator teaches a newly diagnosed patient about HIV.The nurse educator tells the patient that in the United States, those at greatest risk of HIV infection include

A) infants born to infected fathers.
B) heterosexual women.
C) homosexual men.
D) restaurant workers.
E) men over age 50.

Answer 3

heterosexual women.
homosexual men.

Question 4

Opportunistic infections are a hallmark of HIV and AIDS.Which infections are considered opportunistic?

A) Acinetobacter
B) Cytomegalovirus
C) Candida albicans
D) Pneumocystis carinii
E) Clostridium difficile

Question 5

The immune system disorder associated with HIV is

A) an overactive B-cell system.
B) proliferation of immature WBCs (blasts).
C) deficiency of T-helper lymphocytes.
D) cancerous growth of lymph tissue.

Question 6

HIV infection causes immunodeficiency because it

A) directly inhibits antibody production by B cells.
B) causes the destruction of T-helper cells.
C) causes excessive production of cytotoxic T cells.
D) blocks the ability of macrophages to present antigens.

Question 7

A nurse who works in an assisted living facility is preparing to teach the residents about safe sex practices.What resident criteria should the nurse take into consideration when creating a teaching plan?

A) Age
B) Ethnicity
C) Culture
D) Sexual preference
E) Mobility status

Question 8

A patient is infected with the retrovirus HIV.The patient may have contracted HIV as it was transmitted via

A) saliva.
B) tears.
C) semen.
D) cervical secretions.
E) cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 9

HIV replicates very quickly from the onset of infection.What is the major site of HIV replication?

A) Vaginal mucosa
B) Anal mucosa
C) GI tract
D) Respiratory tract

Question 10

HIV infection of T-helper cells is facilitated by attachment of the viral envelope protein gp120 to

A) CD8 proteins on suppressor cells.
B) reverse transcriptase.
C) CD4 proteins on helper cells.
D) the macrophage lipid bilayer.

Question 11

The clinical latency period after HIV infection is a time when no

A) viral replication occurs.
B) decline in CD4 lymphocytes occurs.
C) virus is detectable in the blood.
D) significant symptoms of immunodeficiency occur.

Question 12

Which drugs are used for the management of HIV?

A) Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
B) DNA polymerase inhibitors
C) Protease inhibitors
D) Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
E) CD4 analogs

Question 13

An effective HIV vaccine is difficult to produce, primarily because

A) HIV is not immunogenic.
B) B cells are unable to produce antibodies against HIV.
C) HIV mutates frequently.
D) reverse transcriptase cleaves to the vaccine.

Question 14

Which type of HIV virus causes most infections in the United States and Europe?

A) HIV type 1
B) HIV type 2
C) HIV type A
D) HIV type B

Question 15

Which HIV-positive patient should be given a diagnosis of AIDS?

A) One who has a CD4 count of 300/µl
B) One who has neuropathy
C) One who has Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D) One who has genital herpes

Question 16

A patient receiving zidovudine and a protease inhibitor to manage HIV infection is found to have an undetectable viral load.This means that the

A) dosage of both agents should be reduced.
B) zidovudine can be discontinued.
C) therapy is effective.
D) HIV virus has been eliminated.

Question 17

Which modes of transmission occur with HIV infection?

A) Sexual transmission
B) Parenteral transmission
C) Fomite transmission to intact skin
D) Perinatal transmission to fetus
E) Inhalant transmission

Question 18

As of 2010, _____ individuals worldwide have been infected with HIV infection.

A) 100,000
B) 1 million
C) slightly less than 16 million
D) nearly 35 million

Question 19

Which statement best describes the etiologic development and transmission of AIDS?

A) AIDS is caused by a retrovirus and transmitted through body fluids.
B) The mechanism of AIDS transmission is unknown; therefore, AIDS is considered to be highly contagious.
C) AIDS is an autoimmune disease triggered by a homosexual lifestyle.
D) AIDS is caused by a virus that can be transmitted only by sexual contact.

Question 20

Which statement about HIV testing is correct?

A) Any patient can be tested for HIV with or without their informed consent.
B) A negative HIV test ensures absence of infection.
C) The false-positive rate for HIV testing is zero.
D) Significant exposure to infected blood or body fluids requires HIV testing.

Question 21

The CDC defines three CD4⁺ T cell categories of T cell ranges.Which values are correct?

A) In category 1, the CD4⁺ T cell count is greater than or equal to 500/ml.
B) In category 1, the CD4⁺ T cell counts range from 200 to 499/ml.
C) In category 2, the CD4⁺ T cell counts range from 200 to 499/ml.
D) In category 3, the CD4⁺ T cell count is less than 200/ml.
E) In category 3, the CD4⁺ T cell count is less than 300/ml.

Question 22

Cleaning dirty needles prior to use helps prevent the spread of HIV.When using bleach, the user must rinse out all the blood first and then fill the needle and syringe with full-strength bleach three times for ____ to ____ seconds.

Question 23

A patient presents to the clinic with flu-like symptoms and a rash.The nurse knows that the type of rash associated with HIV may include

A) maculopapular.
B) vesicular.
C) impetigo.
D) urticarial.
E) psoriasis.