Deck 16: Alterations in Blood Pressure

Question 1

A patient presents to the emergency department with a diastolic blood pressure of 132 mm Hg, retinopathy, and symptoms of an ischemic stroke.This symptomology is likely the result of

A) arthrosclerosis.
B) angina.
C) myocardial infarction.
D) hypertensive crisis.

Answer 1

hypertensive crisis.

Question 2

A patient has a history of falls, syncope, dizziness, and blurred vision.The patient's symptomology is most likely related to

A) hypertension.
B) hypotension.
C) deep vein thrombosis.
D) angina.

Answer 2

hypotension.

Question 3

What results when systemic blood pressure is increased?

A) Hypovolemia
B) Decreased cardiac output
C) Vasoconstriction
D) Decreased vascular resistance

Answer 3

Vasoconstriction

Question 4

A middle-aged patient has a follow up visit for a recorded blood pressure of 162/96 mm Hg taken 3 weeks ago.The patient has no significant past medical history and takes no medications, but smokes 1 1/2 packs of cigarettes per day, drinks alcohol regularly, and exercises infrequently.The patient is about 40 lbs.overweight and admits to a high-fat, high-calorie diet.At the office visit today, the patient's blood pressure is 150/92 mm Hg.What is the least appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?

A) Begin lifestyle modifications.
B) Begin antihypertensive drug therapy.
C) Recheck blood pressure in 4 to 6 weeks.
D) Encourage smoking cessation.

Question 5

Hypertension is closely linked to

A) obstructive sleep apnea.
B) urinary tract infection.
C) de Quervain syndrome.
D) spinal stenosis.

Question 6

It can be explained to a patient that high blood pressure increases the risk of

A) stroke.
B) renal disease.
C) diabetes.
D) ischemic heart disease.
E) liver disease.

Question 7

After being diagnosed with hypertension, a patient returns to the clinic 6 weeks later.The patient reports "moderate" adherence to the recommended lifestyle changes and has experienced a decreased from 165/96 mm Hg to 148/90 mm Hg in blood pressure.What is the most appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?

A) Continue lifestyle modifications only.
B) Continue lifestyle modifications plus diuretic therapy.
C) Continue lifestyle modifications plus ACE inhibitor therapy.
D) Continue lifestyle modifications plus b-blocker therapy.

Question 8

The prevalence of high blood pressure is higher in

A) non-Hispanic white adults.
B) Mexican-American adults.
C) non-Hispanic black adults.
D) Asian children.

Question 9

High blood pressure increases the workload of the left ventricle, because it increases

A) stroke volume.
B) blood volume.
C) preload.
D) afterload.

Question 10

Which blood pressure reading is considered to be indicative of prehypertension according to the JNC-7 criteria?

A) 118/78
B) 128/82
C) 140/88
D) 138/94

Question 11

Critically ill patients may have parenterally administered vasoactive drugs that are adjusted according to their _____ pressure.

A) systolic
B) mean arterial
C) diastolic
D) pulse

Question 12

Restriction of which electrolytes is recommended in the management of high blood pressure?

A) Calcium
B) Potassium
C) Sodium
D) Magnesium

Question 13

Orthostatic hypotension is a risk factor for

A) stroke.
B) cognitive impairment.
C) death.
D) myocardial infarction.
E) urinary retention.

Question 14

An erroneously low blood pressure measurement may be caused by

A) positioning the arm above the heart level.
B) using a cuff that is too small.
C) positioning the arm at heart level.
D) measuring blood pressure after exercise.

Question 15

Blood pressure is regulated on a short-term basis through

A) interaction of carotid and aortic baroreceptors.
B) vasomotor center in the brainstem.
C) activation of SNS.
D) inhibition of PSNS.
E) activation of RAAS.

Question 16

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)inhibitors block the

A) release of rennin.
B) conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
C) conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.
D) effect of aldosterone on the kidney.

Question 17

Which finding is indicative of orthostatic hypotension in a person with a supine blood pressure (BP)of 110/70 and a heart rate (HR)of 100?

A) Sitting BP 88/60, HR 118
B) Sitting BP 108/68, HR 102
C) Sitting BP 110/78, HR 98
D) Sitting BP 120/80, HR 100

Question 18

Hypertension with a specific, identifiable cause is known as _____ hypertension.

A) primary
B) orthostatic
C) secondary
D) malignant

Question 19

Pulse pressure is defined as

A) two-thirds of systolic pressure + diastolic pressure.
B) systolic pressure + diastolic pressure.
C) systolic pressure - diastolic pressure.
D) systolic pressure ´ systemic resistance.

Question 20

Atherosclerosis puts a patient at risk for

A) ischemic stroke.
B) hemorrhagic stroke.
C) retinal injury.
D) renal impairment.
E) liver disease.

Question 21

The ingestion of certain drugs, foods, or chemicals can lead to ____________.

Question 22

The most commonly recognized outcome of hypertension is ____________.

Question 23

________ damage is a function of both the stage of hypertension and its duration.