Deck 26: Renal Function

Question 1

Which finding on urinalysis should prompt further evaluation?

A) pH 4.5
B) Red blood cells 2 per high-power field
C) Specific gravity of 1.015
D) White blood cells 20 per high-power field

Answer 1

White blood cells 20 per high-power field

Question 2

Serious renal impairment generally does not occur until ____ of the total nephrons have been damaged

A) 20%
B) 40%
C) 60%
D) 80%

Answer 2

80%

Question 3

Approximately two-thirds of the water and electrolytes filtered by the kidney are reabsorbed by the

A) loop of Henle.
B) collecting tubule.
C) distal tubule.
D) proximal tubule.

Answer 3

proximal tubule.

Question 4

The blood urea nitrogen (BUN)level is affected by

A) protein intake.
B) fat intake.
C) fluid intake.
D) catabolism.
E) renal function.

Question 5

The glucose transporter in the proximal tubule

A) has no transport maximum.
B) does not depend on sodium reabsorption.
C) is ATP dependent.
D) may be saturated at high filtered glucose loads.

Question 6

The primary selectivity barrier for glomerular filtration is the

A) glomerular basement membrane.
B) endothelial tight junctions.
C) epithelial fenestra.
D) mesangial cells.

Question 7

It is true that glucose reabsorption in the tubules

A) occurs passively.
B) occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule.
C) is unlimited.
D) simply does not occur.

Question 8

Factors that increase the glomerular filtration rate include

A) fluid volume excess.
B) increased hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman's capsule.
C) high oncotic pressure in glomerular capillary blood.
D) obstruction in the renal tubules.

Question 9

Hormones that increase sodium reabsorption from the tubular fluid include

A) aldosterone.
B) atrial natriuretic peptide.
C) antidiuretic hormone.
D) urodilatin.
E) angiotensin II.

Question 10

The underlying mechanism which directly results in glycosuria is

A) filtration of glucose from the glomerulus.
B) exceeding the threshold for glucose reabsorption.
C) secretion of glucose into the distal tubule.
D) the mechanism is unknown.

Question 11

An important sign of glomerular basement membrane dysfunction is

A) proteinuria.
B) hematuria.
C) glycosuria.
D) urinary casts.

Question 12

The primary function of the vasa recta is to

A) secrete renin.
B) reabsorb NaCl.
C) reabsorb interstitial fluid.
D) secrete urea.

Question 13

Serum creatinine may be increased by

A) carbohydrate intake.
B) fat intake.
C) muscle breakdown.
D) fluid intake.

Question 14

Renin is released from

A) the posterior pituitary gland.
B) the liver.
C) juxtaglomerular cells.
D) macula densa cells.

Question 15

Excess potassium is excreted from the body by the renal system primarily via

A) glomerular filtration based on blood level of potassium.
B) reabsorption based on blood level of potassium.
C) secretion based on aldosterone level.
D) an unknown mechanism.

Question 16

The main driving force for glomerular filtration is

A) oncotic pressure in the Bowman's capsule.
B) hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries.
C) permeability of the glomerular membrane.
D) solute content of the blood in the glomerular capillaries.

Question 17

The glomerular filtration rate is most accurately reflected in the

A) blood urea nitrogen level.
B) urinary output.
C) serum osmolality.
D) serum creatinine level.