Deck 40: Disorders of Endocrine Function

Question 1

Which response to an injection of ACTH indicates a primary adrenal insufficiency?

A) No change in serum glucocorticoid level
B) An increase in serum glucocorticoid level
C) A decrease in serum glucose level
D) An increase in serum ACTH level

Answer 1

No change in serum glucocorticoid level

Question 2

An increase in ADH secretion occurs in response to

A) decreased serum osmolality.
B) dehydration.
C) hypervolemia.
D) hyponatremia.

Answer 2

dehydration.

Question 3

In comparison to triiodothyronine (T₃), the hormone thyroxine (T₄)

A) has greater biological activity.
B) is more abundant in the circulation.
C) has a shorter half-life.
D) binds to nuclear receptors with greater affinity.

Answer 3

is more abundant in the circulation.

Question 4

A clinical finding consistent with a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)is

A) hypovolemia.
B) hyponatremia.
C) decreased osmolality.
D) dehydration.

Question 5

The signs and symptoms of adrenocortical hormone excess may occur from either a primary or secondary disorder.A symptom associated with primary Cushing syndrome is

A) hyperpigmentation.
B) hypotension.
C) hyperglycemia.
D) hyperkalemia.

Question 6

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)increases

A) sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule of the kidney.
B) potassium secretion in the distal tubule of the kidney.
C) water reabsorption in the collecting tubule of the kidney.
D) urinary output.

Question 7

The formation of active vitamin D

A) occurs in the skin.
B) is impaired in renal failure.
C) is dependent on oral intake of vitamin D.
D) is necessary for normal potassium metabolism.

Question 8

Clinical manifestations of Graves disease may include

A) tremor.
B) cold intolerance.
C) lethargy.
D) weight gain.

Question 9

It is true that the synthesis of thyroid hormones

A) is increased by thyrotropin-inhibiting factor.
B) occurs in perifollicular C cells.
C) is stimulated by ACTH.
D) is inhibited by iodine deficiency.

Question 10

It is true that growth hormone excess in adults

A) results in the condition of acromegaly.
B) leads to abnormally tall stature.
C) is associated with hypoglycemia.
D) is usually asymptomatic.

Question 11

Aldosterone secretion is regulated by the presence of ________ in the circulation.

A) progesterone
B) corticoglobulin
C) ACTH
D) angiotensin II

Question 12

A clinical finding that is consistent with a diagnosis of adrenocortical insufficiency is

A) hypokalemia.
B) hypoglycemia.
C) hypertension.
D) moon face.

Question 13

It is true that Graves disease is

A) a secondary endocrine disorder.
B) associated with autoantibodies to TSH receptors.
C) characterized by high serum TSH levels.
D) untreatable.

Question 14

Propylthiouracil may be used to treat hyperthyroidism, because it

A) destroys thyroid gland cells.
B) inhibits the release of TSH.
C) suppresses production of autoantibodies.
D) inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis.

Question 15

Clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism

A) are similar to those occurring with hypermagnesemia.
B) result from decreased neuromuscular excitability.
C) are similar to those occurring with hypokalemia.
D) result from decreased serum ionized calcium.

Question 16

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome)results from

A) cortisol excess.
B) testosterone-secreting tumor.
C) exogenous androgens.
D) blocked cortisol production.

Question 17

What effect would adrenocortical insufficiency have on an individual's response to surgical stress?

A) More prone to hyperglycemia
B) Decreased sensitivity to anesthesia
C) More susceptible to hypertensive crisis
D) More prone to hypotension

Question 18

A laboratory finding that would help confirm the diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism is

A) hypernatremia.
B) hyperkalemia.
C) hypokalemia.
D) hyperglycemia.

Question 19

Myxedema coma is a severe condition associated with

A) hypothyroidism.
B) hyperthermia.
C) acute cortisol insufficiency.
D) pheochromocytoma.

Question 20

Diabetes insipidus is a condition that

A) results from inadequate ADH secretion.
B) is characterized by oliguria.
C) is associated with anterior pituitary dysfunction.
D) leads to glycosuria.

Question 21

Growth hormone deficient infants would display

A) low birth length and weight.
B) normal birth length and weight.
C) high birth length and weight.
D) normal length and low weight.

Question 22

Calcitonin is produced by thyroid parafollicular cells and increases bone formation by

A) homeostasis.
B) osteoclasts.
C) reabsorption.
D) osteoblasts.

Question 23

A patient reporting vision changes, photophobia, and lid lag may be exhibiting signs of

A) Addison disease.
B) Cushing syndrome.
C) myxedema.
D) Graves disease.

Question 24

A patient presenting with muscle cramps, fatigue, anxiety, depression and prolonged Q-T intervals on EKG may be showing symptoms of

A) hyperparathyroidism.
B) hypoparathyroidism.
C) diabetes insipidus.
D) SIADH.

Question 25

A tumor which results in excessive production and release of catecholamines is

A) goiter.
B) pheochromocytoma.
C) Conn syndrome.
D) Cushing disease.

Question 26

Which are major classifications of deficiencies in growth hormone secretion?

A) Increased IGF-1
B) Decreased GH secretion
C) Defective GH action
D) Decreased IGG secretion
E) Defective IGF-1 generation

Question 27

A thyroid gland that grows larger than normal is known as

A) cretinism.
B) myxedema.
C) goiter.
D) colloidosis.

Question 28

Radioactive iodine treatment is the therapy of choice in patients with Graves disease.The patient should be expected to

A) achieve full recovery after treatment.
B) need short-term thyroid replacement therapy.
C) need lifelong thyroid replacement therapy.
D) receive lifelong iodine treatment.

Question 29

Surgical removal of a gland may result in

A) hypersecretion.
B) hyposecretion.
C) hyporesponsiveness.
D) tissue resistance.