Deck 41: Diabetes Mellitus

Question 1

Diabetic neuropathy is thought to result from

A) decreased myoinositol transport.
B) elevated HbA₁c.
C) deficient neuronal insulin receptors.
D) neuronal demyelination.

Answer 1

decreased myoinositol transport.

Question 2

The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 1 diabetes is

A) pancreatic b-cell destruction.
B) lack of insulin receptors.
C) lack of exercise and chronic overeating.
D) impaired glucose transport into cells.

Answer 2

pancreatic b-cell destruction.

Question 3

Diabetes mellitus is the ________ leading cause of death and a major cause of disability in the United States.

A) first
B) second
C) fourth
D) seventh

Answer 3

seventh

Question 4

________ is the most powerful predictor of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.

A) Aging
B) Obesity
C) Sedentary lifestyle
D) Cardiovascular disease

Question 5

A type of insulin that would be most appropriate for acute management of hyperglycemia is

A) NPH.
B) Semilente.
C) regular.
D) Ultralente.

Question 6

Which insulin types are most commonly used in the rapid-acting category?

A) NPH
B) Aspart
C) Glargine
D) Lispro
E) Regular

Question 7

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with

A) nonketotic hyperosmolality.
B) childhood.
C) autoimmune destruction of the pancreas.
D) ketoacidosis.

Question 8

Which are clinical findings usually associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus?

A) Polyuria
B) Polydipsia
C) Polyphagia
D) Obesity
E) Weight gain

Question 9

A clinical finding consistent with a hypoglycemic reaction is

A) acetone breath.
B) warm, dry skin.
C) tremors.
D) hyperventilation.

Question 10

Which are hormones that increase serum glucose level?

A) Vasopressin
B) Glucagon
C) Growth hormone
D) Catecholamine
E) Corticosteroid

Question 11

Which are complications of diabetes mellitus that are microvascular?

A) Cardiovascular disease
B) Retinopathy
C) Nephropathy
D) Neuropathy
E) Stroke

Question 12

In the United States, nearly ________ people have diabetes mellitus.

A) 7 million
B) 25.8 million
C) 366 million
D) 176 billion

Question 13

The therapies that would be appropriate for a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus include

A) carbohydrate counting.
B) high-protein diet.
C) daily exercise.
D) insulin.
E) oral hypoglycemic agents.

Question 14

The breakdown of stored glycogen in the liver and muscles is called

A) glycolysis.
B) glycogenesis.
C) glycogenolysis.
D) gluconeogenesis.

Question 15

The American Diabetes Association recommends a postprandial blood glucose level of ________ mg/dl for adults with diabetes.

A) less than 180
B) more than 180
C) 70
D) 130

Question 16

The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 2 diabetes is

A) pancreatic b-cell destruction.
B) insulin resistance and b-cell dysfunction.
C) lack of exercise and chronic overeating.
D) impaired glucose transport into cells.

Question 17

In type I diabetes, respiratory compensation may occur through a process of

A) respiratory alkalosis.
B) respiratory acidosis.
C) metabolic acidosis.
D) metabolic alkalosis.

Question 18

What indicator is most helpful in evaluating long-term blood glucose management in patients with diabetes mellitus?

A) Blood glucose levels
B) Urine glucose levels
C) Glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA₁c)
D) Clinical manifestations of hyperglycemia

Question 19

Insulin binding to its receptor on target cells results in

A) increased active transport of glucose into the cell.
B) glycogen breakdown within target cells.
C) increased facilitated cellular diffusion of glucose.
D) gluconeogenesis.