Deck 42: Alterations in Metabolism and Nutrition

Question 1

Malnutrition affecting the respiratory system can lead to

A) increased respiratory function.
B) increased surfactant release.
C) increased vital capacity.
D) respiratory failure.

Answer 1

respiratory failure.

Question 2

Acute physiologic stress is associated with

A) preferential use of glycogen.
B) catabolism of body proteins.
C) decreased basal metabolic rate.
D) conservation of body energy stores.

Answer 2

catabolism of body proteins.

Question 3

An immobile patient should be treated with an extra ________ grams of protein daily.

A) 2 to 4
B) 4 to 6
C) 7 to 9
D) 10 to 15

Answer 3

10 to 15

Question 4

A patient with a fever of 3° F above normal would be expected to have increased energy expenditure of

A) 3%.
B) 15%.
C) 21%.
D) 50%.

Question 5

The postoperative energy requirement can increase ____ above BMR.

A) 7%.
B) 10% to 35%.
C) 15% to 30%.
D) 50%.

Question 6

Which hormone promotes protein synthesis?

A) Glucagon
B) Epinephrine
C) Cortisol
D) Testosterone

Question 7

Which patient is at highest risk for severe negative nitrogen balance?

A) Postsurgical patient
B) Postburn patient
C) Posttrauma patient
D) Postsepsis patient

Question 8

Starvation is associated with

A) loss of visceral protein.
B) low serum albumin levels.
C) loss of somatic fat and protein.
D) generalized edema.

Question 9

Which are effects of malnutrition on the cardiovascular system?

A) Primary cardiomyopathy
B) Increased oxygen demand
C) Increased cardiac output
D) Atrophy of cardiac muscle
E) Decreased cardiac output

Question 10

The main source of energy for the body comes from

A) proteins.
B) fats.
C) carbohydrates.
D) water.

Question 11

When released into the circulation, fatty acids are bound to ________ for assimilation into tissue.

A) serum IgG
B) total protein
C) albumin
D) creatinine

Question 12

A body mass index of 25.5 is considered to be

A) morbidly obese.
B) normal.
C) overweight.
D) obese.

Question 13

During times of fasting, the body uses ________ as a source of energy.

A) protein
B) fat
C) carbohydrates
D) glucagon

Question 14

What patient is most at risk for severe protein malnutrition?

A) A postsurgical patient who has been NPO for 3 days
B) A postburn patient who has a deep partial-thickness burn
C) A febrile patient who has had a temperature of 102.6° F for 3 days
D) An immobile patient who has been in skeletal traction for 1 week

Question 15

The nutritional effects of cancer can be severe and result in

A) malnutrition.
B) anorexia.
C) cachexia.
D) catabolism.

Question 16

The metabolic response to physiologic stress is characterized by

A) loss of somatic protein.
B) preservation of visceral protein.
C) body weight less than 80% of ideal.
D) stress-induced protein catabolism.

Question 17

The process of metabolizing proteins to provide energy is called

A) glycogenolysis.
B) glycolysis.
C) gluconeogenesis.
D) proteolysis.

Question 18

Which condition is associated with an increase in basal metabolic rate?

A) Aging
B) Fever
C) Obesity
D) Starvation

Question 19

The metabolic response to fever is

A) anabolic.
B) catabolic.
C) both anabolic and catabolic.
D) related to gluconeogenesis.