Deck 43: Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Question 1

The entire human nervous system develops from the

A) brainstem.
B) neural ectoderm.
C) mesoderm.
D) telencephalon.

Answer 1

neural ectoderm.

Question 2

The integrity of the blood-brain barrier is maintained in part by CNS cells called

A) ganglia.
B) leptocytes.
C) neurocytes.
D) astrocytes.

Answer 2

astrocytes.

Question 3

The resting membrane potential in nerve and skeletal muscle is determined primarily by

A) extracellular sodium ion concentration.
B) the ratio of intracellular to extracellular potassium ion.
C) activation of voltage-gated sodium channels.
D) activity of energy-dependent membrane ion pumps.

Answer 3

the ratio of intracellular to extracellular potassium ion.

Question 4

The ________ protects the soft tissue of the brain.

A) dural septa
B) dura
C) falx cerebri
D) tentorium cerebella

Question 5

Memories are stored in the nervous system by

A) specific neurons in the cortex.
B) rearrangement of synaptic contacts.
C) selective apoptosis of neurons.
D) changes in synaptic efficiency.

Question 6

Blood flow to the brain is interrupted with the occlusion of which artery?

A) Distal aortic
B) Pulmonary
C) Vertebral
D) Left anterior descending

Question 7

Exocytosis of neurotransmitter in response to depolarization of the presynaptic nerve membrane is mediated by

A) neurotransmitter binding to presynaptic carrier proteins.
B) potassium influx through voltage-gated channels.
C) sodium-potassium ATPase.
D) calcium influx through voltage-gated channels.

Question 8

In contrast to other cell types, nerve and muscle cells are able to conduct action potentials because they

A) are polarized to respond to membrane voltage.
B) are permeable to potassium at rest.
C) have voltage-gated ion channels.
D) are impermeable to sodium at rest.

Question 9

One component of the peripheral nervous system is the

A) cerebral cortex.
B) brainstem.
C) spinal cord.
D) spinal nerve.

Question 10

Acetylcholine is released into the synapse by

A) passive reuptake of acetylcholine into the presynaptic neuron.
B) active reuptake of acetylcholine into the presynaptic neuron.
C) passive diffusion into the postsynaptic membrane.
D) degradation by acetylcholinesterase.

Question 11

A common inhibitory central nervous system (CNS)neurotransmitter is

A) acetylcholine.
B) norepinephrine.
C) g-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
D) glutamate.

Question 12

Neurotransmitter binding to neuronal receptors occurs primarily at the dendrite and

A) cell body.
B) nucleus.
C) axon hillock.
D) axon terminal.

Question 13

The primary function of the central nervous system is to

A) process information to be relayed to muscles and glands.
B) serve the afferent sensory system.
C) serve the efferent motor system.
D) mediate involuntary functions.

Question 14

Voluntary fine-motor movements are produced by activation of the _____ tract(s).

A) dorsal horn-lemniscal
B) lateral corticospinal
C) spinothalamic
D) medial brainstem

Question 15

Activation of touch receptors on the left side of the body is transmitted primarily to the ________ cortex.

A) right somatosensory
B) occipital
C) left temporal
D) right motor

Question 16

Axonal myelination generally increases the

A) metabolic needs of the neuron.
B) flow of ions across the neuronal membrane.
C) sodium permeability.
D) speed of action potential conduction.

Question 17

The language center in most individuals is located in the

A) frontal lobe.
B) left hemisphere.
C) right hemisphere
D) limbic area.

Question 18

A patient who is experiencing swings in heart rate and irregular breathing during sleep is most likely in the stage of ________ sleep.

A) deep
B) REM
C) alpha wave
D) delta wave

Question 19

When nerve impulses travel up the ________ side of the cord, the sensations of touch, pressure, and vibration are affected.

A) anterolateral
B) ipsilateral
C) contralateral
D) bilateral

Question 20

Binding of neurotransmitter to receptors on the postsynaptic neuronal membrane results in

A) a change in ion conductance through the membrane.
B) the opening of voltage-gated calcium channels.
C) an action potential.
D) hyperpolarization.

Question 21

Which are parts of the meninges?

A) Dura mater
B) Pia mater
C) Choroid
D) Arachnoid
E) Ganglia

Question 22

Pupil constriction is controlled by cranial nerve

A) II.
B) III.
C) VIII.
D) IX.

Question 23

Within the spinal nerves, there are ____ pairs of thoracic nerves.

A) 8
B) 12
C) 5
D) 2

Question 24

Neurons with one dendrite and one axon are

A) unipolar.
B) bipolar.
C) dipolar.
D) multipolar.

Question 25

It is true that a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)receptor

A) is activated by glutamate.
B) is a ligand-gated calcium ion channels.
C) opens only when the membrane has been previously depolarized.
D) blockade is associated with enhanced short-term memory.
E) is blocked by a sodium ion.

Question 26

The peripheral nervous system contains a total of ____ nerves.

A) 12
B) 31
C) 24
D) 86

Question 27

The pathologic process called hydrocephalus would be manifested by _____ ventricular size.

A) decreased CSF, increased
B) increased CSF, increased
C) decreased CSF, decreased
D) increased CSF, decreased

Question 28

It is true that the arachnoid layer of the meninges

A) is thick and tough for support and protection.
B) lies between the dura and the skull.
C) contains spaces that are only evident in the presence of pathologic processes.
D) is semitransparent and weblike.
E) contains collagenous connective tissue.

Question 29

Which are functions of neuroglia?

A) Generation of action potential
B) Modulation of ionic composition of extracellular fluid in the brain
C) Production of CSF
D) Phagocytosis of wastes within the CNS
E) Slowing the rate of conduction to the nerve axons