Deck 45: Chronic Disorders of Neurologic Function

Question 1

Seizures that involve both hemispheres at the outset are termed

A) partial.
B) complex.
C) focal.
D) generalized.

Answer 1

generalized.

Question 2

The primary reason that prolonged seizure activity predisposes to ischemic brain damage is that

A) neurons are unable to transport glucose.
B) cardiovascular regulation is impaired.
C) the brainstem is depressed.
D) the lack of airway maintenance can lead to hypoxia.

Answer 2

the lack of airway maintenance can lead to hypoxia.

Question 3

Autonomic dysreflexia is characterized by

A) hypertension and bradycardia.
B) hypotension and shock.
C) pallor and vasoconstriction above the level of injury.
D) extreme pain below the level of injury.

Answer 3

hypertension and bradycardia.

Question 4

The stage of spinal shock that follows spinal cord injury is characterized by

A) reflex urination and defecation.
B) autonomic dysreflexia.
C) absent spinal reflexes below the level of injury.
D) motor spasticity and hyperreflexia below the level of injury.

Question 5

Parkinson disease is associated with

A) demyelination of CNS neurons.
B) a pyramidal nerve tract lesion.
C) insufficient production of acetylcholine in the basal ganglia.
D) a deficiency of dopamine in the substantia nigra.

Question 6

What type of seizure usually occurs in children and is characterized by brief staring spells?

A) Epileptic
B) Idiopathic
C) Partial
D) Absence

Question 7

_________ is a form of spina bifida in which a saclike cyst filled with CSF protrudes through the spinal defect but does not involve the spinal cord.

A) Spina bifida occulta
B) Meningocele
C) Myelomeningocele
D) Meningomyelocele

Question 8

The classic manifestations of Parkinson disease include

A) intention tremor and akinesia.
B) rest tremor and skeletal muscle rigidity.
C) ataxia and intention tremor.
D) skeletal muscle rigidity and intention tremor.

Question 9

A patient who experiences early symptoms of muscle twitching, cramping, and stiffness of the hands may be demonstrating signs of

A) Guillain-Barré syndrome.
B) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
C) Parkinson disease.
D) hydrocephalus.

Question 10

Steroids may be used in the management of acute exacerbation of symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis, because

A) viral damage can be inhibited.
B) demyelination is mediated by immune mechanisms.
C) steroids reverse the progression of the disease.
D) steroids inhibit synaptic degradation of neurotransmitters.

Question 11

It is recommended that women of childbearing age take folic acid daily for prevention of

A) neural tube defects.
B) seizure disorders.
C) cerebral palsy.
D) hydrocephalus.

Question 12

Upper extremity weakness in association with degeneration of CNS neurons is characteristic of

A) multiple sclerosis.
B) Guillain-Barré syndrome.
C) myasthenia gravis.
D) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Question 13

Ascending paralysis with no loss of sensation is characteristic of

A) multiple sclerosis.
B) Guillain-Barré syndrome.
C) myasthenia gravis.
D) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Question 14

The dementia of Alzheimer disease is associated with structural changes in the brain, including

A) deposition of amyloid plaques in the brain.
B) degeneration of basal ganglia.
C) hypertrophy of frontal lobe neurons.
D) significant aluminum deposits in the brain.

Question 15

Before making a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease

A) a brain biopsy demonstrating organic changes is necessary.
B) biochemical tests for aluminum toxicity must be positive.
C) other potential causes of dementia must be ruled out.
D) increased protein is found in a lumbar puncture.

Question 16

Which neurological disorder is commonly referred to as Lou Gehrig disease?

A) Multiple sclerosis
B) Parkinson disease
C) Alzheimer disease
D) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 17

Dopamine precursors and anticholinergics are all used in the management of Parkinson disease, because they

A) increase dopamine activity in the basal ganglia.
B) induce regeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia.
C) prevent progression of the disease.
D) produce excitation of basal ganglia structures.

Question 18

It is true that Bell palsy is a

A) permanent facial paralysis after stroke.
B) painful neuropathic pain affecting the trigeminal nerve.
C) paralysis of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve.
D) herpetic outbreak in a facial dermatome.

Question 19

What effect do demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis have on neurotransmission?

A) Slower rate of action potential conduction
B) Increased rate of action potential conduction
C) Facilitation of action potential initiation
D) Faster rate of repolarization

Question 20

The initial treatment of an individual experiencing a seizure is concentrated on

A) maintaining an airway.
B) administering anticonvulsant medication.
C) documenting the seizure pattern.
D) obtaining an EEG.

Question 21

Which statement is true about the incidence of multiple sclerosis?

A) The age of onset ranges from 20 to 50 years.
B) MS is more common in men than women.
C) There is a higher incidence of MS in military veterans.
D) There is a higher rate of MS in African-Americans.

Question 22

Orthostatic hypotension may be a manifestation of

A) Alzheimer disease.
B) multiple sclerosis.
C) Parkinson disease.
D) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Question 23

Which are common causes of acquired parkinsonism?

A) Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons
B) History of infection
C) History of intoxication
D) History of trauma
E) Seizure disorder

Question 24

Which conditions are risk factors for the development of cerebral palsy?

A) Birth trauma
B) Seizure disorder
C) Kernicterus
D) Prenatal maternal infection
E) Scoliosis