Deck 50: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

Osteoblastic activity is greatest

A) in areas of increased mechanical stress.
B) during menopause.
C) with vitamin D deficiency.
D) with disuse due to immobility.

Answer 1

in areas of increased mechanical stress.

Question 2

The largest component of bone is

A) calcium.
B) water.
C) vitamin D.
D) osteoblasts.

Answer 2

calcium.

Question 3

Menisci facilitate the rotation of the

A) neck.
B) elbow.
C) knee.
D) spine.

Answer 3

knee.

Question 4

Moderate stretching of a muscle at rest results in a(n)

A) more forceful contraction when stimulated.
B) inefficient use of ATP.
C) more rapid onset of muscle fatigue.
D) reduced force of contraction.

Question 5

The structures that connect muscle to bone are referred to as

A) ligaments.
B) tendons.
C) trabeculae.
D) synovial sheaths.

Question 6

The parathyroid gland functions to facilitate

A) calcium absorption from the gut.
B) bone resorption.
C) calcium reabsorption in the kidneys.
D) vitamin C action.
E) osteoblast production.

Question 7

Diarthroses are joints that

A) hold the skull bones together.
B) allow little or no joint movement.
C) contain synovial fluid.
D) connect bony segments by a fibrocartilaginous plate.

Question 8

Osteoclast activity leads to

A) hardening of the bones.
B) resorption of bone.
C) deposition of bone.
D) arthritis.

Question 9

The neurotransmitter released from the a-motor neuron at the motor end plate is

A) norepinephrine.
B) epinephrine.
C) serotonin.
D) acetylcholine.

Question 10

Troponin is a muscle protein that

A) binds the myosin protein to form cross-bridges.
B) forms the noncontractile Z lines.
C) binds calcium and regulates tropomyosin.
D) hydrolyzes ATP to provide energy for contraction.

Question 11

The electrolyte that must be present in cellular cytoplasm for muscle contraction to occur is

A) potassium.
B) sodium.
C) magnesium.
D) calcium.

Question 12

When oxygen for muscle activity from the respiratory vascular systems is insufficient for muscle activity, the body breaks down glucose, which results in

A) hypoglycemia.
B) lactic acid buildup in muscle.
C) a large energy source.
D) exhaustion.

Question 13

It is true that synovial fluid

A) is found in spinal disks.
B) provides protection.
C) is reduced in volume with injury.
D) becomes thinner with aging.

Question 14

A concentric contraction results in

A) muscle shortening.
B) no change in muscle length.
C) muscle lengthening.
D) muscle damage.

Question 15

Articular cartilage is avascular and

A) completely incapable of regeneration.
B) nonliving.
C) nourished by synovial fluid.
D) rarely damaged.

Question 16

Radicular pain is pain caused by a

A) tissue injury.
B) compressed nerve.
C) fracture of long bones.
D) meniscal tear.

Question 17

The epiphyseal plate

A) provides support to long bones.
B) prevents overactivity of osteoblasts.
C) allows for continued bone lengthening during maturation.
D) has an unknown function.

Question 18

Skeletal changes with increased age include

A) hypertrophy of cartilage.
B) decreased bone mass.
C) imbalance in bone resorption and formation.
D) loss of bone marrow.
E) dehydration of intervertebral disks.

Question 19

The correct sequence of bone healing following fracture is

A) hematoma formation, callous formation, fibrocartilage formation, ossification, remodeling.
B) hematoma formation, callous formation, fibrocartilage formation, remodeling, ossification.
C) callous formation, hematoma formation, fibrocartilage formation, ossification, remodeling.
D) hematoma formation, fibrocartilage formation, callous formation, ossification, remodeling.

Question 20

The primary determinant of tendon strength is

A) collagen cross-linking.
B) actin-myosin cross-bridging.
C) elastin composition.
D) calcium balance.

Question 21

It is true that articular cartilage

A) is comprised of mostly protein.
B) dries out with aging.
C) spreads weight load.
D) needs synovial fluid lubrication.
E) has limited regeneration ability.