Deck 6: Juvenile Delinquincy

Question 1

A boy who hits at age three,shoplifts at age ten,commits burglary at age 19 and rapes at 26 would be considered a(n)

A) life-course persistent offender.
B) ADHD offender.
C) adolescent-limited offender.
D) incorrigible offender.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

All of the following are status offenses except

A) running away.
B) incorrigibility.
C) cocaine use.
D) truancy.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Psychological definitions of delinquency usually include

A) conduct disorder and antisocial behavior.
B) habitual behavior and violent behavior.
C) cruelty to animals and fire setting.
D) status offenses and antisocial behavior.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

According to the coercive perspective,gender differences in antisocial behavior are the result of

A) poor parental monitoring.
B) different social reinforcements.
C) fetal exposure to neurotoxins.
D) presence of callous-unemotional traits.

Question 5

A child delinquent is between the ages of

A) 7 and 12.
B) birth and 7.
C) 6 and 13.
D) birth and 14.

Question 6

Which statement is NOT true about gender differences in status offenses?

A) Girls are more likely than boys to be taken into custody for status offending.
B) Recent research suggests that gender differences in offending may be explained by innate biological factors.
C) Girls are more likely to run away from home because of victimization in the home.
D) Historically, girls and boys' socialization resulted in impacted gender differences.

Question 7

All of the following are major categories of unlawful acts committed by delinquents except

A) offenses against the public order.
B) unlawful acts against property.
C) sexual offenses.
D) status offenses.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of successful intervention programs for serious juvenile offenders?

A) Follows developmental principles
B) Focuses on the juvenile's family
C) Begins early in the developmental trajectory of the child
D) Uses peer groups as models for change

Question 9

Poor interpersonal skills,conduct disorders,and difficult temperaments are often found in the background of ________ offenders.

A) AL
B) status
C) LCP
D) delinquent

Question 10

Research suggests that serious juvenile offenders

A) demonstrate poor social skills.
B) have relatively low recidivism rates.
C) have are highly motivated to change their behavior.
D) specialize in one offense throughout their delinquent careers.

Question 11

A program designed to prevent delinquent behavior before any signs of the behavioral pattern emerge is called

A) secondary prevention.
B) universal prevention.
C) tertiary prevention.
D) selective prevention.

Question 12

Most of the crime of the young is committed by

A) AL offenders.
B) LCP offenders.
C) psychopaths.
D) gang members.

Question 13

Which type of prevention consists of working with children and adolescents who demonstrate some early signs of aggressive,antisocial,conduct disorder,or delinquent behavior but have not yet been formally classified as delinquent?

A) Primary
B) Multisystemic
C) Tertiary
D) Secondary

Question 14

The statute that allows the detention or supervision of a juvenile presumed to be in need of protection is called

A) Status Protection.
B) Brawner Rule.
C) PINS.
D) Incorrigibility.

Question 15

What is the name of the two-pronged selective prevention program that was based on developmental principles and targeted multiple risk factors in high-risk children?

A) Fast Track Experiment
B) OJJDP boot camp
C) Multisystemic therapy
D) Diamond Run Wilderness Program

Question 16

According to Loeber et al.(2003),child delinquents ________ compared to adolescents who begin offending in their teens.

A) are two to three times more likely to become serious violent and chronic offenders
B) commit more serious offenses
C) are twice as likely to have a diagnosed mental disorder
D) are three times more likely to have an undiagnosed mental disorder

Question 17

How many states tried as adults in criminal courts under certain conditions and for certain offenses?

A) Zero
B) Two
C) Twenty
D) Fifty

Question 18

Which statement is most accurate about juvenile crime?

A) Juvenile crime has generally decreased since the mid 1990s.
B) The juvenile crime rate has been steadily increasing since 1990.
C) Compared to adults, juveniles are responsible for disproportionately higher number of violent crimes.
D) Juveniles are more likely to be perpetrators rather than victims of violent crime.

Question 19

Which status offense has substantially increased in recent years?

A) Cocaine use
B) Incorrigibility
C) Underage drinking
D) Truancy

Question 20

Which of the following statements is not correct?

A) The number of prevention, intervention, and treatment programs that have been tried with delinquents and children at risk over the past three decades is overwhelming.
B) Serious forms of antisocial behavior in school-aged children and adolescents have been particularly resistant to change.
C) To date, virtually no prevention programs have been highly successful in eliminating antisocial behavior and reducing delinquent behavior.
D) One-on-one psychotherapy that treats the juvenile without involving the social environment is generally ineffective.

Question 21

Children with callous-unemotional traits lack empathic concern for others.

Question 22

The most frequent diagnosis for children who commit acts of violence against other children is antisocial personality disorder.

Question 23

The major focus of MST is

A) the substance abusing delinquent.
B) the family.
C) socio-economic status.
D) adolescent-limited offenders.

Question 24

The stage of development described in Moffitt's 2002 follow-up study in which young people flounder,choosing not to occupy traditional adult roles such as marriage or parenthood is called

A) advanced life-course persistent.
B) emerging adulthood.
C) early onset persistent delinquent.
D) delayed maturity.

Question 25

Female delinquency has steadily decreased since 1995.

Question 26

The adolescent-limited delinquent is most likely to be involved in offenses that symbolize adult privilege.

Question 27

Secure institutional treatment of juveniles who have committed serious offenses is known as ________ intervention.

A) detention
B) restrictive
C) tertiary
D) supplemental

Question 28

Prevention and treatment programs that are designed to foster and maintain resilience in youth are also known as

A) strength-based programs.
B) power-based programs.
C) selective programs.
D) individual-oriented programs.

Question 29

Steinberg's dual systems model of risk-taking is based on evidence from the field of

A) forensic science.
B) entomology.
C) sociology.
D) neuroscience.

Question 30

Patterson's Coercion Developmental Theory places more emphasis on ________,whereas Moffitt's Developmental Theory emphasizes ________.

A) parenting; characteristics of the child
B) violent offenses; status offenses
C) boys' delinquency; girls' delinquency
D) treatment; prevention

Question 31

All of the following are characteristic of juveniles with the callous-unemotional trait cluster except

A) lack of empathetic concern for others.
B) poverty of emotional expression.
C) limited capacity for guilt.
D) tendency to commit various status offenses.

Question 32

There is good evidence that most serious,persistent delinquency and crime patterns usually begin early and worsen with age.

Question 33

Studies comparing MFT and FFT have found that MST is more effective at reducing recidivism for high-risk offenders.

Question 34

According to Steinberg's dual systems model of risk-taking,when are adolescents most vulnerable to considerable risk?

A) Upon entering middle school
B) When they are with peers
C) After turning 25 years old
D) When they spend time at home alone

Question 35

Waaktaar et al.(2004)conducted a study to explore how resilience or protective factors could be used to help at risk youths.The researchers targeted four resilience factors for therapeutic intervention.What were these four factors?

A) Positive family relations, self-esteem, creativity, and interpersonal skills
B) Positive peer relations, self-efficacy, creativity, and coherence
C) Positive family relations, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and coherence
D) Positive peer relations, creativity, self-esteem, and academic skills

Question 36

Scott Henggeler and his colleagues have designed a treatment approach for serious juvenile offenders that is responsive to many of the social systems influencing the child's delinquent behavior.This treatment approach is called

A) multisystemic therapy.
B) restrictive intervention.
C) Gestalt therapy.
D) rehabilitative intervention.

Question 37

In studies examining gender differences and juvenile crime,recent research has shown that the gender gap for drug and violent offenses is getting smaller.

Question 38

Juveniles as a group are responsible for a small percentage of arrests compared with adults,although they are arrested disproportionately compared with other age groups.

Question 39

We know far too little about girls' crime,the reasons it is committed,and the social and developmental factors that precipitate it.

Question 40

The Girls Study Group found that girls fight more frequently at home with parents than do boys.

Question 41

Research indicates that most serious juvenile offenders ________ their offending over time.

Question 42

Youthful offenders are processed in ________ courts,but sentencing options are typically more lenient for them.

Question 43

Conduct disorder and antisocial behavior are both characterized by ________ misbehavior.

Question 44

Why is it so difficult to gather complete data on the national incidence of juvenile delinquency?

Question 45

Moffitt's theory was formed primarily on the ________ trajectories of males.

Question 46

The callous-unemotional trait cluster is similar to core behavioral patterns of ________.

Question 47

Compare and contrast Moffitt's Developmental Theory with Patterson's Coercion Theory.

Question 48

Patterson's coercion developmental theory argues that the key predictor of early-onset offending is the ________ environment in which the child learns to use coercive behaviors.

Question 49

Briefly describe the three categories of prevention and treatment programs and give an example of each.

Question 50

Prevention and treatment programs have shifted from focusing on reducing risk factors to emphasizing ________ factors.

Question 51

Steinberg and his associates have demonstrated that adolescents as a group reach a peak of logical reasoning at approximately age 16,a time when their ________ maturity is far less developed.

Question 52

Discuss the argument for and against removing status offenses from state juvenile courts.What is your opinion on this issue?

Question 53

Some researchers recommend that prevention preferably begin no later in life than ________ grade.

Question 54

The typical juvenile is far more likely to be the ________ of a violent crime.

Question 55

Describe the characteristics of Multisystemic therapy.Summarize the research findings about the program's success.